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Amiiformes (bowfin)
Taxonomy
Amiiformes was named by Hay (1929) [also attributed to Linnaeus 1766]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Holostei by Bryant (1989); to Actinopterygii by Weems (1999); to Osteichthyes by Estes (1964), Peng et al. (2001), Pearson et al. (2002) and Sepkoski (2002); to Neopterygii by Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Halecomorphi by Grande and Bemis (1998) and Kriwet (2005); to Halecostomi by Bogan et al. (2010); to Neopterygii by Long (2011); to Holostei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Nelson (2006) and Betancur et al. (2013); and to Halecomorphi by Cartanyà (1999), Cavin et al. (2007), Nelson et al. (2016) and Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
It was assigned to Holostei by Bryant (1989); to Actinopterygii by Weems (1999); to Osteichthyes by Estes (1964), Peng et al. (2001), Pearson et al. (2002) and Sepkoski (2002); to Neopterygii by Meyer and Zardoya (2003); to Halecomorphi by Grande and Bemis (1998) and Kriwet (2005); to Halecostomi by Bogan et al. (2010); to Neopterygii by Long (2011); to Holostei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Nelson (2006) and Betancur et al. (2013); and to Halecomorphi by Cartanyà (1999), Cavin et al. (2007), Nelson et al. (2016) and Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1929 | Amiiformes Hay |
| 1964 | Amiiformes Estes p. 29 |
| 1981 | Amiiformes Thurmond and Jones p. 86 |
| 1988 | Amiiformes Case and Schwimmer p. 297 |
| 1989 | Amiiformes Bryant p. 22 |
| 1998 | Amiiformes Grande and Bemis p. 31 |
| 1999 | Amiiformes Cartanyà p. 548 |
| 1999 | Amiiformes Weems p. 55 |
| 2001 | Amiiformes Peng et al. p. 14 |
| 2002 | Amiiformes Pearson et al. p. 154 |
| 2002 | Amiiformes Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Amiiformes Meyer and Zardoya |
| 2005 | Amiiformes Kriwet p. 101 |
| 2006 | Amiiformes Nelson |
| 2007 | Amiiformes Cavin et al. |
| 2010 | Amiiformes Bogan et al. p. 164 |
| 2011 | Amiiformes Long p. 242 |
| 2013 | Amiiformes Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Amiiformes Nelson et al. p. 125 |
| 2018 | Amiiformes Carnevale and Godfrey p. 164 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Amiiformes Hay 1929 [bowfin]
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G. †Ainia Jordan 1918
Fm. Amiidae Huxley 1861
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G. Amia Linnaeus 1766 [bowfin]
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†Amia fragosa Jordan 1927
†Amia hesperia Wilson 1982
†Amia pattersoni Grande and Bemis 1998
†Amia uintaensis Leidy 1873
Invalid names: Amia robusta Priem 1901 [nomen dubium], Amiatus Rafinesque 1815 [synonym]
Subfm. Amiinae Bonaparte 1837
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G. †Cyclurus Agassiz 1839
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†Cyclurus efremovi Sytchevskaya 1981
†Cyclurus fragosus Jordan 1927
†Cyclurus gurleyi Russell and Fryxell 1928
†Cyclurus ignotus Blainville 1818
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Invalid names: Amia laticaudata Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Amia munieri Priem 1911 [synonym]
†Cyclurus kehreri Andreae 1893
†Cyclurus macrocephalus Reuss 1844
†Cyclurus minor Agassiz 1839
†Cyclurus valenciennesi Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Amia chinzhalensis Sytchevskaya 1986 [nomen dubium], Amia russelli Janot 1966 [nomen dubium], Kindleia Jordan 1927 [synonym], Paramiatus Romer and Fryxell 1928 [synonym], Stylomyleodon Russell 1928 [synonym], Stylomyleodon lacus Russell 1928 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Amia (Protamia) gracilis Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Amia (Protamia) media Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Amia (Protamia) uintaensis Leidy 1873 [nomen dubium], Amia anglica Newton 1899 [nomen dubium], Amia colenutti Newton 1899 [nomen dubium], Amia depressus Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium], Amia eocena Owen 1884 [nomen dubium], Amia exilis Lambe 1908 [nomen dubium], Amia furiosa Sytchevskaya 1986 [nomen dubium], Amia lemoinei Leriche 1900 [nomen dubium], Amia limosa Nessov 1985 [nomen dubium], Amia macrospondyla Cope 1891 [nomen dubium], Amia morini Priem 1911 [nomen dubium], Amia newberrianus Marsh 1871 [nomen dubium], Amia semimarina Nessov 1985 [nomen dubium], Amia strigasa Sytchevskaya 1986 [nomen dubium], Amia whiteavesiana Cope 1891 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys barroisi Leriche 1900 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys corsonii Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys laevis Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys mongoliensis Hussakof 1932 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys plicatus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys sclerops Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Pappichthys symphysis Cope 1873 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Amiopsinae Grande and Bemis 1998
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G. †Amiopsis Kner 1863
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†Amiopsis lepidota Agassiz 1833
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Invalid names: Megalurus brevicostatus Agassiz 1834 [synonym], Megalurus grandis Wagner 1863 [synonym]
†Amiopsis prisca Kner 1863
†Amiopsis woodwardi Sauvage 1903
Invalid names: Urocles Jordan 1918 [synonym]
G. †Liodesmus Wagner 1859
G. †Pappichthys
G. †Protamia Leidy 1873
Subfm. †Solnhofenamiinae Grande and Bemis 1998
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G. †Solnhofenamia Grande and Bemis 1998
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†Solnhofenamia elongata Agassiz 1839
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Invalid names: Urocles altivelis Wagner 1863 [synonym], Urocles elegantissimus Wagner 1863 [synonym], Urocles polyspondylus Wagner 1851 [synonym]
Subfm. †Vidalamiinae Grande and Bemis 1998
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Tr. †Calamopleurini Grande and Bemis 1998
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G. †Calamopleurus Agassiz 1843
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†Calamopleurus cylindricus Agassiz 1841
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Invalid names: Enneles audax Jordan and Branner 1908 [synonym]
†Calamopleurus mawsoni Woodward 1902
Invalid names: Enneles Jordan and Branner 1908 [synonym]
Tr. †Vidalamiini Grande and Bemis 1998
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G. †Pachyamia Chalifa and Tchernov 1982
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†Pachyamia latimaxillaris Chalifa and Tchernov 1982
†Pachyamia mexicana Grande and Bemis 1998
G. †Vidalamia White and Moy-Thomas 1941
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†Vidalamia catalunica Sauvage 1903
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Invalid names: Amia montsechensis Lange 1968 [synonym], Megalurus sauvagei Vidal 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Vidalia Sauvage 1903 [replaced]
Invalid names: Amiatidae Jordan 1923 [synonym], Paleamia Jonet 1981 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. †Amioidea Bonaparte 1838
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Fm. †Paracentrophoridae Obruchev 1964
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Fm. †Promecosominidae Wade 1941
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Fm. Caturidae Owen 1860
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G. †Caturus Agassiz 1834
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†Caturus agassizi Egerton 1858
†Caturus angustus Agassiz 1843
†Caturus branchiostegus Agassiz 1834
†Caturus bucklandi Agassiz 1843
†Caturus chaperi Sauvage 1883
†Caturus chirotes Agassiz 1842
†Caturus dartoni Eastman 1899
†Caturus elongatus Agassiz 1834
†Caturus ferox Agassiz 1844
†Caturus furcatus Agassiz 1834
†Caturus heterurus Agassiz 1839
†Caturus latipennis Agassiz 1843
†Caturus latus Muenster 1834
†Caturus macrodus Agassiz 1834
†Caturus macrurus Agassiz 1843
†Caturus maximus Agassiz 1834
†Caturus meyeri Agassiz 1843
†Caturus microchirus Agassiz 1834
†Caturus pachyurus Agassiz 1843
†Caturus pleiodus Agassiz 1843
†Caturus porteri Rayner 1948
†Caturus retrodorsalis Sauvage 1891
†Caturus similis Agassiz 1837
†Caturus stenospondylus Sauvage 1875
†Caturus stenoura Sauvage 1875
Invalid names: Conodus Agassiz 1843 [synonym], Ditaxiodus Owen 1866 [synonym], Endactis Egerton 1858 [synonym], Strobilodus Wagner 1851 [synonym], Thlattodus Owen 1866 [synonym], Uraeus Agassiz 1832 [replaced]
Superfm. †Caturoidea Owen 1860
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G. †Eusemius Vetter 1881
G. †Oligopleura
G. †Otomitla Felix 1891
Fm. †Palaeolabridae Estes 1969
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G. †Palaeolabrus Casier 1967
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†Palaeolabrus dormaalensis Casier 1967
†Palaeolabrus montanensis Estes 1969
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Changhsingian to the top of the Holocene or 254.17000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 252.17 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 252.17 Ma
Collections (504 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Changhsingian | China (Jiangxi) | Caturus indet. (119495) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Yunnan) | Gymnoichthys inopinatus (97946 146382) | |
| Ladinian | Spain | Caturus sp. (148734 149852) | |
| Longobardian | Spain (Tarragona) | Caturus sp. (109710) | |
| Longobardian | China (Guizhou) | Guizhouamia bellula (146379) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Texas) | Caturus sp. (39671) | |
| Rhaetian | Austria | Caturus sp. (195673) | |
| Sinemurian | United Kingdom (England) | Endactis agassizi, Pachycormus heterurus, Conodus ferox (122154) Pachycormus latipennis, Endactis agassizi, Pachycormus heterurus (122153) Pachycormus latipennis, Pachycormus heterurus, Conodus ferox (122155) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | France | Caturus sp. (122733) | |
| Falciferum | France | Caturus stenospondylus, Caturus stenoura, Caturus chaperi, Caturus retrodorsalis (122734) | |
| Falciferum | United Kingdom (England) | Caturus sp. (132646) | |
| Toarcian | United Kingdom (England) | Caturus sp. (130759) | |
| Bathonian | USA (South Dakota) | Amiopsis dartoni (122622) | |
| Early/Lower Bathonian | France (Midi-Pyrénées) | Caturus sp. (61377) | |
| Early/Lower Bathonian | France | Caturus sp. (61378) | |
| Late/Upper Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Caturus sp. (39075) | |
| Callovian | United Kingdom (England) | Caturus porteri (130656) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | France (Basse-Normandie) | Caturus sp., Caturus driani (74916) | |
| Late/Upper Oxfordian | Spain | Caturus sp., Ionoscopus sp. (151897) | |
| Middle Oxfordian | Portugal (Leiria) | Caturus sp. (69698) | |