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Ambystomatoidea

Osteichthyes - Temnospondyli - Urodela

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1946Ambystomoidea Kuhn p. 53
1970Ambystomatoidea Estes and Berberian p. 4
1981Ambystomatoidea Estes
1981Ambystomatoidea Naylor and Krause p. 508
1988Ambystomatoidea Carroll
2000Ambystomatoidea Shishkin p. 305
2001Ambystomatoidea Gao and Shubin p. 576

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
RankNameAuthor
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
classAmphibia
orderTemnospondyli()
—Lissamphibia()
—Batrachia(Macartney 1802)
—Caudata(Scopoli 1777)
familyUrodela()
suborderAmbystomatoidea
suborderAmbystomatoidea

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Ambystomatoidea
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Fm. Ambystomatidae Hallowell 1856 [mole salamander]
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G. Amblystoma Tschudi 1838 [mole salamander]
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Amblystoma maculatum Shaw 1802 [Spotted salamander]
†Amblystoma minshalli Tihen and Chantell 1963
Ambystoma gracile Baird 1859 [Northwestern salamander]
†Ambystoma hibbardi Tihen 1955
†Ambystoma kansense Adams and Martin 1929
Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw 1789 [axolotl]
†Ambystoma minshalli Tihen and Chantell 1963
Ambystoma opacum Gravenhorst 1807 [Marbled salamander]
Ambystoma texanum Matthes 1855 [Small-mouth salamander]
Ambystoma tigrinum Green 1825 [tiger salamander]
†Ambystoma tiheni Holman 1968
G. †Amphitriton Rogers 1976
+
†Amphitriton brevis Rogers 1976
G. †Plioambystoma Adams and Martin 1929
+
†Plioambystoma kansensis Adams and Martin 1929
Fm. Dicamptodontidae Tihen 1958 [giant salamander]
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G. Dicamptodon Strauch 1870 [Pacific giant salamander]
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†Dicamptodon antiquus Naylor and Fox 1993
Dicamptodon ensatus Eschscholtz 1833 [California giant salamander]
Subfm. †Dicamptodontinae Tihen 1958
+
G. †Ambystomichnus Peabody 1954
+
G. †Bargmannia Herre 1955
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†Bargmannia wettsteini Herre 1955
G. †Chrysotriton Estes 1981
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†Chrysotriton tiheni Estes 1981
G. †Geyeriella Herre 1950
+
†Geyeriella mertensi Herre 1950
G. †Wolterstorffiella Herre 1950
+
Invalid names: Rhyacotritoninae Tihen 1958 [empty]
Fm. †Scapherpetontidae Auffenberg and Goin 1959
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+
G. †Horezmia Nessov 1981
+
†Horezmia gracile Nessov 1981
G. †Lisserpeton Estes 1965
+
†Lisserpeton bairdi Estes 1965
G. †Piceoerpeton Meszoely 1967
+
†Piceoerpeton naylori Gardner 2012
†Piceoerpeton willwoodense Meszoely 1967
G. †Scapherpeton Cope 1876
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†Scapherpeton tectum Cope 1876
+
Invalid names: Hedronchus sternbergii Cope 1876 [synonym], Hemitrypus jordanianus Cope 1876 [synonym], Scapherpeton excisum Cope 1876 [synonym], Scapherpeton favosum Cope 1876 [synonym], Scapherpeton laticolle Cope 1876 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: brackish, freshwater, terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilesubo
Life habit: amphibioussubo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Dispersal: waterc
Created: 2009-07-20 21:44:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:44:54
Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Uhen 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Kimmeridgian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 152.21000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 149.2 Ma

Collections (300 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian152.21 - 149.2Portugal (Lourinha) Scapherpetontidae indet. (154213)
Aptian - Albian121.4 - 100.5USA (Wyoming) Scapherpetontidae indet. (137567 137577)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan) Horezmia gracile (68823)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Scapherpetontidae indet. (14396)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Uzbekistan (Navoi) Horezmia gracile (58208 64685)
Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Utah) Scapherpetontidae indet. (14383 14385)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6USA (Utah) Scapherpeton sp., Scapherpetontidae indet. (14389) Scapherpetontidae indet. (14417)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Utah) Scapherpeton sp. (181388 181390)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (Utah) Scapherpeton sp. (14409 230871)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.7 - 72.2USA (Utah) Scapherpeton sp. (276374) Scapherpetonidae indet. A, Scapherpetonidae indet. B, Scapherpetontidae indet. (14413)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Scapherpetontidae indet. (14489)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi, Scapherpetontidae gen. et sp. nov. 1, Scapherpetontidae indet. (14463)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2USA (Wyoming) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14458)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Scapherpeton sp. (14467)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Hedronchus sternbergii (227125) Scapherpeton sp. (98674 98677) Scapherpeton tectum (22695 22696 22697 22698 34302 34303 34305 34307 34309 34310 34311 34312 34313 34315 34319 34320 34321 34322 45238 45260 45261 45262 45264 45671 45674 45822 45892 45893 45897 45898 45899 47784 47793 47807 47811 47812 47814 47816)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Mexico (Coahuila) Lisserpeton sp. (154244)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Lisserpeton sp., Scapherpeton sp. (75836)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton sp. (181024) Scapherpeton tectum (45240 45560 45561 45564 45565 45566 45567 45670 45820 47794 47795 47809)
Middle Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Utah) Scapherpeton sp. (61844)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Montana) Scapherpeton sp. (14490 23549 69161)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton tectum (45819 45821 45894)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Scapherpeton sp. (68003 212186)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Saskatchewan) Scapherpeton sp. (14494) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (229975)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Scapherpeton tectum (59714)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton sp. (34744)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton sp. (135739 135740 135741 135743) Scapherpetontidae indet. (55363)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14621) Scapherpeton tectum, Scapherpetontidae gen. et sp. nov. 2 (14610)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Colorado) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14640)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Lisserpeton bairdi (144501 144503) Lisserpeton sp. (14580) Lisserpeton sp., Scapherpeton tectum (14508) Piceoerpeton naylori (192243) Piceoerpeton sp. (192244) Scapherpeton sp. (14515 14560 14616) Scapherpeton sp., Scapherpeton tectum (14513) Scapherpeton tectum (14525 14533 14534 14535 14536 14546 14548 14552 14559 14563 14574 14582 14613 14614 14615 14639 14654) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14549 192242) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi, Scapherpetontidae indet. 1, Scapherpetontidae indet. 2, Piceoerpeton naylori (144499) Scapherpeton tectum, Scapherpetontidae indet. (14653) Scapherpetontidae indet. 1 (144502)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Scapherpeton tectum (14537 192251)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Scapherpeton sp. (14551) Scapherpeton tectum (14655)
Lancian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Scapherpeton tectum (14524 14527 14538 14540 14557 14566 14570 14596) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14505 14514) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi, Piceoerpeton sp. (14519)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi, Piceoerpeton sp. (13142)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Scapherpeton tectum (57161) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14585)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Lisserpeton sp., Scapherpeton sp. (14555) Scapherpeton sp. (35251) Scapherpeton tectum (45675)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (South Dakota) Scapherpeton sp. (157189 224484)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Lisserpeton bairdi (213589) Piceoerpeton sp. (137718) Scapherpeton tectum (45099 45110 45111 45112 45117 45118 45124 45130 45133 45136 45137 45144 45145) Scapherpeton tectum, Scapherpetontidae gen. et sp. nov. 1 (45109) Scapherpeton tectum, Scapherpetontidae indet. 1 (45102)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (North Dakota) Lisserpeton bairdi (231469) Scapherpeton tectum (45141 45312)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Montana) Scapherpeton tectum (85498 85499)
Pu166.0 - 63.4USA (Montana) Scapherpeton sp. (14762) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14798)
Pu166.0 - 63.4USA (North Dakota) Scapherpeton tectum (105890)
Puercan66.0 - 63.4USA (Wyoming) Scapherpeton tectum (14805)
Puercan66.0 - 63.4USA (North Dakota) Lisserpeton bairdi (141585) Scapherpeton tectum (192238)
Puercan66.0 - 63.4USA (Montana) Lisserpeton bairdi (14666 218649) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14766)
Puercan66.0 - 63.4USA (Colorado) Scapherpetodontidae indet. (14658)
Puercan66.0 - 63.4Canada (Saskatchewan) Scapherpeton sp. (14737)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Dicamptodon antiquus (24926)
Torrejonian63.4 - 60.9Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton sp. (14822)
Torrejonian63.4 - 60.9USA (Wyoming) Scapherpeton tectum (14886) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14912)
Torrejonian63.4 - 60.9USA (Montana) Scapherpeton tectum (14906) Scapherpeton tectum, Lisserpeton bairdi (14874)
Ti360.9 - 57.5Canada (Alberta) Scapherpeton sp. (14992)
Ti460.9 - 57.5Canada (Saskatchewan) Scapherpeton sp., Piceoerpeton willwoodense (14978)
Tiffanian60.9 - 57.5USA (North Dakota) Piceoerpeton willwoodense (14931) Scapherpeton sp., Piceoerpeton willwoodense (15000)
Tiffanian60.9 - 57.5Canada (Alberta) Piceoerpeton willwoodense (14934)
Tiffanian60.9 - 57.5USA (Montana) Piceoerpeton willwoodense (14955 15048)
Tiffanian60.9 - 57.5USA (Wyoming) Lisserpeton bairdi, Piceoerpeton willwoodense (15017) Piceoerpeton willwoodense (85096) Scapherpeton tectum (15049 15065)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0Canada (Alberta) Dicamptodon antiquus (133214)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0France (Oise) Scapherpetontidae indet. (166598)
Clarkforkian57.5 - 56.0USA (Wyoming) Piceoerpeton willwoodense (15028 15082 15176)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1Canada (Northwest Territories) Piceoerpeton willwoodense (15583)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (North Dakota) Chrysotriton tiheni (15895)
Wasatchian56.0 - 51.1USA (Wyoming) Piceoerpeton willwoodensis (75868)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9Canada (Saskatchewan) Ambystoma tiheni (16919)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Nebraska) Ambystoma minshalli (17963)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Ambystoma minshalli (18102 18208 18284 18442 27481) Ambystoma priscum, Ambystoma minshalli (18141) Ambystoma priscum, Ambystoma sp., Ambystoma minshalli (27507)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (South Dakota) Ambystoma minshalli (18303 18397)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma sp., Ambystoma maculatum (18450)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma minshalli (188779)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Germany (Bavaria) Scapherpetontidae indet. (206345)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Kansas) Plioambystoma kansensis (18140)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan9.4 - 1.4USA (Tennessee) Ambystoma sp. (26574)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Arizona) Ambystoma tigrinum (19628)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Nebraska) Ambystoma tigrinum (19954) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma maculatum (27572)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma opacum (125951) Ambystoma opacum (124319) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma jeffersonianum, Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma opacum (123875)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0USA (Oregon) Dicamptodon sp. (275384)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Texas) Ambystoma sp. (20318) Ambystoma tigrinum (20337 20530)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Maryland) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma opacum (20302)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Arizona) Ambystoma tigrinum (20444 20446 20447)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (South Dakota) Ambystoma tigrinum (20389)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Kansas) Ambystoma tigrinum (20137 20167 20332 20427 20516) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma maculatum (20352)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Colorado) Ambystoma tigrinum (20355 20356 20357 20358 20359 20362 20363 20367 20368 20369 20370 27632 27637 27639 27666 27667 27669 27672 27673 27677 27680 27681 27683 27687 27689 27691 27692 27693 27694 27697 27699) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma sp. (20360 20361 27682)
Middle Pleistocene (glacial)0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Ambystoma tigrinum, Ambystoma sp. (75974)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014Mexico (Puebla) Ambystoma sp. (230717)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Ambystoma indet. (20491)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Ambystoma tigrinum (76060)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Kansas) Ambystoma sp. (20605)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Ambystoma sp., Ambystoma maculotum (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Ambystoma tigrinum (13066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Ambystoma sp. (82258 103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Ambystoma tigrinum (93139 140702)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ambystoma tigrinum (154805)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Arizona) Ambystomatidae indet. (63381)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ambystoma sp. (20650) Ambystoma tigrinum (20573)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Ambystoma maculatum (20604)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Ambystoma tigrinum (76101)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Dicamptodon ensatus (155393)