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Scincidae (skink)

Osteichthyes - Scincidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Scincidae Gray
1871Scincidae Cope p. 237
1875Scincidae Cope p. 19
1890Scincidae Zittel p. 609
1898Scincidae Gadow p. 26
1928Scincidae Perrier p. 3099
1930Scincidae Hay p. 249
1946Scincidae Kuhn p. 61
1964Scincidae Estes p. 117
1966Scincidae Kuhn p. 52
1969Scincidae Estes p. 2
1970Scincidae Estes and Berberian p. 5
1975Scincidae Seiffert p. 39
1983Scincidae Estes
1988Scincidae Carroll
1988Scincidae Estes et al.
1996Scincidae Frank and Ramus
1996Scincidae Gao and Fox p. 47
2000Scincidae Lee and Caldwell
2010Scincidae Böhme p. 20
2013Scincidae Pyron et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
RankNameAuthor
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
superfamilyScincoideaOppel 1811
familyScincidaeGray 1825
familyScincidaeGray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Scincidae Gray 1825 [skink]
show all | hide all
G. Acontias Cuvier 1817 [Lance skinks]
+
Acontias meleagris Linneaus 1758 [Linneaus' lance skink]
Acontias percivali Loveridge 1935 [Percival's lance skink]
Acontias plumbeus Bianconi 1849 [Giant lance skink]
G. †Aethesia Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009
+
†Aethesia frangens Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009
G. †Aocnodromeus Gao and Fox 1996
+
†Aocnodromeus corrugatus Gao and Fox 1996
G. †Axonoscincus Augé 2003
+
†Axonoscincus sabatieri Augé 2003
G. †Ayalasaurus Augé 2005
+
†Ayalasaurus tenuis Augé 2005
G. †Berruva Augé 2005
+
†Berruva louisi Augé 2005
G. Corucia Gray 1855 [Solomon Island skinks]
+
Corucia zebrata Gray 1855 [Solomon Island skink]
G. Eugongylus Fitzinger 1843
G. †Gekkomimus Bolet et al. 2015
+
†Gekkomimus rugosus Augé 2005
G. Lygosoma Hardwicke and Gray 1828 [writhing skink]
+
Subg. Lygosoma (Mocoa) Gray 1845
Subfm. Lygosominae Mittleman 1952
+
G. Ablepharus Lichtenstein 1823
G. Egernia Gray 1838
+
Egernia gillespieae Thorn et al. 2019
G. Eulamprus Fitzinger 1843 [water skink]
G. †Leiolpisma Dumeril and Bibron 1839
G. Mabuya Fitzinger 1826
G. †Proegernia Martin et al. 2004
+
†Proegernia mikebulli Thorn et al. 2021
†Proegernia palankarinnensis Martin et al. 2004
G. Trachydosaurus Gray 1825
G. Tropidophorus Dumeril and Bibron 1839
+
†Tropidophorus bavaricus Böhme 2010
G. Oligosoma Girard
+
Oligosoma lineoocellatum Duméril and Duméril 1851
G. Ophiomorus Duméril and Bibron 1839
G. †Orthoscincus Augé 2005
+
G. †Orthrioscincus Gao and Fox 1996
+
†Orthrioscincus mixtus Gao and Fox 1996
G. Parotosaurus Boulenger 1914
G. †Penemabuya Gao and Fox 1996
+
†Penemabuya antecessor Gao and Fox 1996
G. Plestiodon Dumeril and Bibron 1839 [skink]
G. †Sauriscus Estes 1964
Subfm. Scincinae Gray 1825
+
G. †Chalcides Linnaeus 1758
+
†Chalcides augei Čerňanský et al. 2019
Chalcides bedriagae Boulenger 1887
G. Eumeces Wiegmann 1834
+
†Eumeces antiquus Holman 1981
†Eumeces capito Bocourt 1879
Eumeces fasciatus Linnaeus 1758 [five-lined skink]
Eumeces laticeps Schneider 1801 [Broadhead skink]
Eumeces obsoletus Baird and Girard 1852 [Great plains skink]
Eumeces skiltonianus Baird and Girard 1852 [Western skink]
Invalid names: Eumeces minimus Holman 1976 [nomen dubium]
G. Gongylomorphus Fitzinger 1843
G. Sphenomorphus Fitzinger 1842 [common skink]
+
Sphenomorphus tympanum Lönnberg and Andersson 1913
G. Tiliqua Gray 1825
+
†Tiliqua pusilla Shea and Hutchinson 1992
Tiliqua scincoides White 1790 [Eastern bluetongue skink]
G. Trachylepis Fitzinger 1843
+
Trachylepis socotrana Peters 1882 [Socotra skink]
G. Verticaria Cope
Invalid names: Egerniinae Welch 1982 [empty], Feylininae Camp 1923 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. Perrier 1928Pleurodontes. Langue écailleuse, très faiblement échancrée (BRÉ- VILINGUES). Ostéodermes très développés, présentant un tubule transversal et plusieurs tubules longitudinaux. Prémaxillaires séparés ; arcs temporaux complets; fosse supratemporale recouverte par des os dermiques. Pas de pores fémoraux. Genres de vie très variés. Tous les passages entre les pattes complètes et les pattes avortées ou même nulles. Vivipares. Cosmopolites.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialuc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: insectivoref
Created: 2005-09-05 19:45:25
Modified: 2005-09-05 21:45:25
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Behler and King 1979, Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Holocene or 85.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma

Collections (149 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Canada (Alberta) Penemabuya antecessor, Aocnodromeus corrugatus (14425)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2USA (Texas) Scincidae indet., Sauriscus sp. (14489)
Judithian83.6 - 72.2Canada (Alberta) Orthrioscincus mixtus (14463)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Andhra Pradesh) Eumeces sp. (122240)
Late/Upper Paleocene59.24 - 56.0France (Champagne-Ardenne) Berruva louisi (117931)
MP 1056.0 - 48.07Spain (Catalonia) Scincidae indet. (182236)
MP 1056.0 - 48.07France (Picardie) Axonoscincus sabatieri (68440)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Spain (Castilla y Leon) Scincidae indet. Morphotype 1, Scincidae indet. Morphotype 2 (40358)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9China (Shanxi) Scincidae indet. (179811)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Cadurcogekko rugosus, Ayalasaurus tenuis (12843) Orthoscincus malperiensis (12849)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Spain (Catalonia) Scincidae indet. (31751)
Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Miocene37.71 - 15.98France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) Ayalasaurus tenuis (179194)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Florida) Scincidae indet. (17476)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Australia (South Australia) Proegernia mikebulli (215782 224280 224282) Proegernia palankarinnensis (181055)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Australia (South Asutralia) Proegernia mikebulli (224281)
Harrisonian23.1 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Eumeces antiquus (17802)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Louisiana) Eumeces sp. (163851)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany (Bavaria) Scincidae indet. (205184)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Italy (Sardinia) Scincidae indet. (138825)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.98Germany (Hesse) Chalcides sp. (228327)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Scincidae indet. (73690 153884 175632)
Early/Lower Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (Florida) Scincidae indet. (18562)
MN 416.9 - 15.98Czechia (Karlovy Vary) Scincidae indet. (138666)
MN 416.9 - 15.98Austria (Styria) Scincidae indet., Scincoidea indet., Squamata indet. 1 (74538 74539)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Eumeces indet. (18208) Eumeces sp. (18031 18284 27481) Eumeces sp., Eumeces minimus (18141)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (South Dakota) Eumeces sp. (18397)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Eumeces indet. (140202)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Florida) Scincidae indet. (18538)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Eumeces miobsoletus (18665)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Germany (Bavaria) Scincidae indet. (134954) Scincidae indet. 1, Scincidae indet. 2, Tropidophorus bavaricus (34615)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Russian Federation (Irkutsk) Chalcides augei (205812)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Germany (Bavaria) Scincidae indet. (205187)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Austria Scincidae indet. (174065 174067)
MN 515.98 - 13.82Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Tropidophorus bavaricus (48325)
Astaracian15.98 - 11.63Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) Eumeces sp. (48630)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63France (Midi-Pyrenees) Scincidae sp. (32191)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Australia (Queensland) Egernia gillespieae (53951)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Austria Scincidae indet. (175587)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1Hungary (Heves) Chalcides ocellatus (168132)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Plestiodon sp. (18324 188779)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (South Dakota) Eumeces sp. (18268)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Eumeces sp. (18450)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Ukraine (Khmel'nitsk'yi) Scincidae indet., Chalcides sp., Eumeces sp. (48446)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Romania (Ilfov) Chalcides sp. (199755)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246India (Kutch) Scincidae indet. (214399)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Australia (Queensland) Egernia sp., Tiliqua pusilla (68775)
MN 911.1 - 9.67Hungary (Heves) Chalcides sp. (168177) Scincidae indet. (168187) Scincidae indet., Chalcides ocellatus (168191)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Arizona) Eumeces sp. (19610)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan9.4 - 1.4USA (Tennessee) Scincidae indet. (26574)
MN 118.725 - 7.9Austria (Burgenland) Scincidae indet. (37789)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Greece (Central Macedonia) Scincidae indet. (32189)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Spain (Granada) Chalcides sp. (35077)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Ravenna) Scincidae indet. (144566)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Lygosominae indet. (198275)
Early/Lower Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Australia (New South Wales) Aethesia frangens (118343)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Greece (Kozani) Scincidae indet. (205081)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Türkiye (Ankara) Scincidae indet. (34370)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Greece Ophiomorus sp. (31907)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Kansas) Eumeces striatulus (19922 19931)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Nebraska) Eumeces indet. (19960) Eumeces sp. (27572) Eumeces striatulatus (19954)
Blancan - Irvingtonian4.7 - 0.21USA (California) Eumeces sp. (199543)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Morocco Chalcides sp., Eumeces algeriensis (32052)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Greece (Peloponnisos) Ophiomorus sp. (34766)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Eumeces fasciatus (124319) Eumeces fasciatus, Eumeces laticeps (123875)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117China (Shaanxi) Eumeces capito (206099)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Egernia whitii, Tiliqua nigrolutea, Tiliqua rugosa (136430) Egernia whitii, Tiliqua rugosa (136076) Tiliqua nigrolutea (136159) Tiliqua rugosa, Tiliqua sp. (28298) Tiliqua scincoides (135983)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (South Dakota) Eumeces septentrionalis (20389)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Texas) Eumeces fasciatus, Eumeces obsoletus (20337)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Kansas) Eumeces fasciatus (20390) Eumeces septentrionalis, Eumeces obsoletus (20427) Eumeces sp. (20332 20516)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Maryland) Eumeces fasciatus (20302)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) Eumeces sp. (20206)
Chibanian0.774 - 0.129Australia (Queensland) Tiliqua sp. (144585)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Granada) Chalcides sp., Chalcides bedriagai (34985)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Israel Scincidae indet. (192424 192425)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Australia (South Australia) Egernia whitei, Trachydosaurus rugosus, Tiliqua nigrolutea, Sphenomorphus tympanum (28364)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Castellon) Chalcides bedri (34932)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Eumeces fasciatus (20491)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014Mexico (Puebla) Scincidae indet. (230717)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Eumeces sp. (20638)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain (Alicante) Chalcides bedriagai (199861 219152)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Eumeces obsoletus (76101)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Egernia whitii, Tiliqua rugosa (136072) Egernia whitii, Trachydosaurus rugosus, Tiliqua nigrolueta (181314)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Eumeces laticeps (103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117New Zealand (South Island) Scincidae indet. (87814)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Eumeces sp. (106400)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnesus) Scincidae indet., Ablepharus sp. (184245)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Philippines Scincidae indet. (194833 194834 194835)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Kansas) Eumeces sp. (20605)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Seychelles (Aldabra) Trachylepis sp. (192429)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Eumeces inexpectatus (20650)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Australia (South Australia) Egernia whitii, Tiliqua nigrolutea, Tiliqua rugosa (136172)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Oligosoma lineoocellatum (215389 215415 215416 215417 215581) Oligosoma nigriplantare (215583) Oligosoma nigriplantare, Oligosoma lineoocellatum (215418 215419 215421) Oligosoma sp. (215391) Oligosoma sp., Oligosoma nigriplantare, Oligosoma lineoocellatum (215380 215388) Scincidae indet. (215580 215613) Scincidae indet., Oligosoma sp. (215403)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Palau Eugongylus sp. (209741) Scincidae indet. (209735 209738)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Northern Mariana Islands Scincidae indet. (194622)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Australia (New South Wales) Tiliqua scincoides (235090)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bahamas Mabuya sp. (194591 194593)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Spain (Columbretes Islands) Chalcides bedriagae (230766)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Yemen Trachylepis socotrana (169046 234349)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greece (Attica) Ablepharus kitaibelii (183130)