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Balanophyllia
Taxonomy
Balanophyllia was named by Wood (1844) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Dendrophylliidae by Wells (1941), Wells (1956) and Kiessling (2008).
It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Dendrophylliidae by Wells (1941), Wells (1956) and Kiessling (2008).
Species
B. (Balanophyllia), B. (Eupsammia) bossolensis, B. (Eupsammia) cornurupicaprae, B. (Eupsammia) cylindrica, B. (Eupsammia) meneghinii, B. (Eupsammia) pachysepta, B. (Eupsammia) sismondiana, B. (Eupsammia) zelandiae, B. (Eupsammia) zuffardii, B. acostae, B. alta, B. annularis, B. augustinensis, B. basedowi, B. bavarica, B. besairiei (syn. Eupsammia lehmani), B. blakeleyensis, B. calyculus, B. campanulata, B. cauliculata, B. caulifera (syn. Eupsammia pozaryskii, Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis, B. ladakhensis, B. schlosseri, Eupsammia narindensis, B. santaelenensis, Eupsammia collignoni), B. clarendonensis, B. complanata, B. compressa, B. concinna, B. conica, B. cornurupicaprae, B. cowlitzensis, B. cumingii, B. desmophyllum, B. elegans, B. elongata, B. formosana, B. fossata, B. fulleri, B. gigas, B. haleana, B. hectori, B. imperialis, B. inauris, B. induta, B. irregularis, B. irrorata, B. italica, B. nonaradiata, B. oppenheimi, B. oulangiformis, B. parallela, B. patera, B. patula, B. pittieri, B. piuraensis, B. ponderosa (syn. B. traubi), B. praelonga, B. redivivus, B. rovasendai, B. salpynx, B. soloensis, B. striatissima, B. teglandae, B. thalassae, B. torta, B. truncata, B. variabilis, B. variabilis, B. varians, B. washingtonensis, Eupsammia compressa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1844 | Balanophyllia Wood |
| 1848 | Eupsammia Milne-Edwards and Haime |
| 1872 | Rhodopsammia Semper |
| 1941 | Balanophyllia Wells p. 316 |
| 1956 | Balanophyllia Wells |
| 1958 | Ceratopsammia Alloiteau |
| 1958 | Eupsammia Alloiteau and Tissier |
| 2002 | Balanophyllia Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Ceratopsammia Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Eupsammia Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) Kiessling |
| 2008 | Balanophyllia Kiessling |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Balanophyllia Wood 1844
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Subg. Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) Wood 1844
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Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) caryophylloides Seguenza 1880
†Balanophyllia acostae Jell et al. 2011
†Balanophyllia alta Tenison-Woods 1880
†Balanophyllia annularis Vaughan 1900
†Balanophyllia augustinensis Vaughan 1900
†Balanophyllia basedowi Dennant 1904
†Balanophyllia bavarica Kühn 1965
†Balanophyllia besairiei Alloiteau 1958
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Invalid names: Eupsammia lehmani Alloiteau and Tissier 1958 [synonym]
†Balanophyllia blakeleyensis Quayle 1933
†Balanophyllia calyculus Wood 1844
†Balanophyllia campanulata Duncan 1870
†Balanophyllia cauliculata Dennant 1904
†Balanophyllia caulifera Conrad 1848
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Invalid names: Balanophyllia ladakhensis Pal et al. 1984 [synonym], Balanophyllia santaelenensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1974 [synonym], Balanophyllia schlosseri Traub 1938 [synonym], Eupsammia collignoni Alloiteau 1951 [synonym], Eupsammia narindensis Alloiteau 1936 [synonym], Eupsammia pozaryskii Rozkowska 1955 [synonym], Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis Alloiteau 1958 [synonym]
†Balanophyllia clarendonensis Wells 1934
†Balanophyllia complanata Gerth 1921
†Balanophyllia compressa Sismonda 1871
†Balanophyllia concinna Reuss 1871
†Balanophyllia conica Osasco 1897
†Balanophyllia cornurupicaprae Zuffardi-Comerci 1932
†Balanophyllia cowlitzensis Durham 1943
Balanophyllia cumingii Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
†Balanophyllia desmophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
Balanophyllia elegans Verrill 1864
†Balanophyllia elongata Vaughan 1900
†Balanophyllia formosana Hu 1987
†Balanophyllia fossata Dennant 1904
†Balanophyllia fulleri Durham 1942
Balanophyllia gigas v.d. Horst 1922
†Balanophyllia haleana Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
Balanophyllia hectori Tenison-Woods 1880
Balanophyllia imperialis Kent 1871
†Balanophyllia inauris Vaughan 1900
†Balanophyllia induta Dennant 1904
†Balanophyllia irregularis Seguenza 1864
Balanophyllia italica Michelin 1841
†Balanophyllia nonaradiata Chevalier 1962
†Balanophyllia oppenheimi Felix 1913
†Balanophyllia oulangiformis Hu 1988
Balanophyllia parallela Semper 1872
†Balanophyllia patera Montanaro 1933
†Balanophyllia patula Dennant 1904
Balanophyllia pittieri Vaughan 1919
†Balanophyllia piuraensis Wells 1941
†Balanophyllia ponderosa Vaughan 1900
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Invalid names: Balanophyllia traubi Kühn and Traub 1967 [synonym]
†Balanophyllia praelonga Michelotti 1838
†Balanophyllia redivivus Moseley 1881
†Balanophyllia rovasendai Zuffardi-Comerci 1932
†Balanophyllia salpynx Squires 1958
†Balanophyllia soloensis Osberger 1955
†Balanophyllia striatissima Sismonda 1871
†Balanophyllia teglandae Durham 1942
Balanophyllia thalassae Zibrowius 1980
†Balanophyllia torta Dennant 1904
†Balanophyllia truncata Dennant 1904
†Balanophyllia variabilis Nomland 1916
†Balanophyllia variabilis Gerth 1921
†Balanophyllia varians Reuss 1854
†Balanophyllia washingtonensis Durham 1942
Invalid names: Ceratopsammia Alloiteau 1958 [synonym], Eupsammia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 [synonym], Rhodopsammia Semper 1872 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| height | 10 | 13.3 | 9.40 | 22.8 | 13.4 | 4.08 |
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| Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Santonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 86.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Collections (266 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Santonian | Austria | B. sp. (74895) | |
| Campanian - Maastrichtian | India (Jammu and Kashmir) | B. ladakhensis, B. varians (87602) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Oman | Eupsammia narindensis (67455) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Madagascar (Toliara) | Ceratopsammia besairiei (86519) | |
| Maastrichtian | Madagascar (Mahajanga) | Eupsammia narindensis (86517) Eupsammia narindensis, Eupsammia collignoni (86511) Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis (86512) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Australia (Western Australia) | B. acostae (123004) | |
| Danian | France | Eupsammia lehmani (76889) | |
| Danian | Poland | Eupsammia pozaryskii (87245) | |
| Danian | USA (Alabama) | B. ponderosa (2861) B. sp. (2862 83297) | |
| Danian | Ukraine (Cherkaska) | B. subcylindrica (77069) | |
| Danian | Ukraine (Krym) | B. schlosseri (77071) | |
| Danian | Greenland | B. ponderosa (69604) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | B. ponderosa (98701 109601 109613 122546 122602 122610 122649) | |
| Danian - Selandian | USA (Alabama) | B. haleana (35081) | |
| Danian - Selandian | USA (Texas) | B. ponderosa (108436) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene | USA (Texas) | B. ponderosa (86329) | |
| Paleocene | Austria (Salzburg) | B. schlosseri, B. traubi, B. sp. (84335) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Alabama) | B. desmophyllum (87826) B. ponderosa (87802) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | USA (Alabama) | B. desmophyllum (80367 80386 80387) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | B. sp. (3113) | |