PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Teleoceras

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

Taxonomy

Teleoceras was named by Hatcher (1894).

It was assigned to Teleoceratinae by Hay (1902); to Rhinocerotidae by Hatcher (1894), Scott (1913), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Carroll (1988), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), Albright et al. (2019); and to Teleoceratini by Prothero and Schoch (1989), Prothero (1998), Prothero (2005), Gustafson (2012), Short et al. (2019), May (2019).

Species

T. (Mesoceras), T. aepysoma, T. americanum, T. brachyrhinum, T. felicis, T. fossiger (syn. Aceratherium acutum), T. guymonense, T. hicksi (syn. T. ocotensis, Peraceras ponderis, T. schultzi, T. yumensis, Paraphelops rooksensis), T. major, T. medicornutum (syn. T. thomsoni, T. (Mesoceras) thomsoni, Aphelops planiceps), T. meridianum (syn. T. minor), T. proterum (syn. Eusyodon maximus), T. pugnator, T. snowi

Synonyms

Eusyodon was named by Leidy (1886).

It was considered a nomen vanum by Matthew (1932); it was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras by Cope and Matthew (1915), Prothero and Manning (1987).
Paraphelops was named by Lane (1927). Its type is Paraphelops rooksensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Teleoceras by Matthew (1932).

It was assigned to Rhinocerotidae by Lane (1927).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1886	Eusyodon Leidy
1894	Teleoceras Hatcher p. 149
1902	Teleoceras Hay p. 646
1913	Teleoceras Scott p. 291
1927	Paraphelops Lane p. 300
1981	Teleoceras Thurmond and Jones p. 186
1988	Teleoceras Carroll
1989	Teleoceras Prothero and Schoch p. 535
1998	Teleoceras Prothero p. 601
2005	Teleoceras Prothero p. 94
2006	Teleoceras Hulbert and Whitmore p. 18
2012	Teleoceras Gustafson
2019	Teleoceras Albright et al. p. 185
2019	Teleoceras May
2019	Teleoceras Short et al. p. 188

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Panperissodactyla
superorder	Perissodactylamorpha
order	Perissodactyla	()
—	Tapiromorpha	(Haeckel 1873)
—	Ceratomorpha	(Wood 1937)
superfamily	Rhinocerotoidea
family	Rhinocerotidae
subfamily	Rhinocerotinae
tribe	Rhinocerotini
subtribe	Teleoceratina	(Hay 1902)
genus	Teleoceras

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Teleoceras Hatcher 1894

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Subg. †Teleoceras (Mesoceras) Cook 1930

†Teleoceras aepysoma Short et al. 2019

†Teleoceras americanum Yatkola and Tanner 1979

†Teleoceras brachyrhinum Prothero 2005

†Teleoceras felicis Freudenberg 1921

†Teleoceras fossiger Cope 1878

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Invalid names: Aceratherium acutum Marsh 1887 [synonym]

†Teleoceras guymonense Prothero 2005

†Teleoceras hicksi Cook 1927

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Invalid names: Paraphelops rooksensis Lane 1927 [synonym], Peraceras ponderis Cook 1930 [synonym], Teleoceras ocotensis Dalquest and Mooser 1980 [synonym], Teleoceras schultzi Tanner 1975 [synonym], Teleoceras yumensis Cook 1930 [synonym]

†Teleoceras major Hatcher 1894

†Teleoceras medicornutum Osborn 1904

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Invalid names: Aphelops planiceps Osborn 1904 [synonym], Teleoceras (Mesoceras) thomsoni Cook 1930 [synonym], Teleoceras thomsoni Cook 1930 [synonym]

†Teleoceras meridianum Leidy 1865

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Invalid names: Teleoceras minor Olcott 1909 [synonym]

†Teleoceras proterum Leidy 1885

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Invalid names: Eusyodon maximus Leidy 1886 [synonym]

†Teleoceras pugnator Matsumoto 1921

†Teleoceras snowi Fourtau 1918

Invalid names: Eusyodon Leidy 1886 [synonym], Paraphelops Lane 1927 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. A. Short et al. 2019	Retained characters from Prothero (2005:94): “medium- to large-sized teleoceratin rhinos with hypsodont teeth, strong antecrochets, greatly reduced premolars with dP1/ p1 lost and occasional loss of P2/p2, thick cement on teeth, narrow nasals with strongly downturned lateral edges, enlarged premaxilla and I1, broad zygomatic arches, flaring lambdoid crests (skull semicircular in posterior view)...lower tusk (i2) shaped like a teardrop in cross-section, and...bar- rel-shaped trunk.” Rejected characters from Pro- thero (2005) are provided in the remarks below.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

amphibiousg

Diet:

grazerg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

grazer based on foodstuffs preserved in tooth cavities (Voorhies and Thomasson 1979) and based on stable isotopes (MacFadden and Cerling 1996)g

Created:

2005-08-31 15:13:50

Modified:

2009-01-04 12:32:14

Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Prothero 1998, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Pliocene or 16.90000 to 2.58000 Ma

Collections (336 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Kansas)	T. sp. (18338)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (New Mexico)	T. fossiger (19337)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (South Dakota)	T. major (18038 18040) T. sp. (18182 18297)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Texas)	T. meridianum (18644) T. sp. (18339)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Mexico (Chiapas)	T. sp. (18726)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Montana)	T. fossiger (19038 19067)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Nevada)	Rhinocerotidae indet. (19129) T. fossiger (18841 18858) T. medicornutum (18989) T. sp. (18844 18852 18853 18856 18982 19053)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Colorado)	T. sp. (18310)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	Honduras (Lempira)	T. sp. (18723)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Arizona)	T. sp. (19387)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Louisiana)	T. sp. (163791)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Oregon)	T. fossiger (19089)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (California)	T. fossiger (19370)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Georgia)	T. sp. (18592)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Idaho)	T. sp. (19087)
Miocene	23.04 - 5.333	USA (Oklahoma)	T. sp. (18105)
Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (Colorado)	Brachypotherium americanum (17965) T. medicornutum (17908)
Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (Nebraska)	T. americanum (17895 17902 17917 17920 17952 17961 17980 18000 18001 18012) T. medicornutum (17998 17999) T. thomsoni (17969)
Late/Upper Hemingfordian	18.5 - 16.3	USA (New Mexico)	T. brachyrhinum (19339)
Late/Upper Hemingfordian - Early/Lower Barstovian	18.5 - 12.5	USA (Nevada)	T. medicornutum (18866)
MN 4	16.9 - 15.98	Egypt	T. snowi (53970)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Nebraska)	Rhinocerotidae indet. (18141) T. major (18165) T. medicornutum (18031 18090 18119 18125 18144 18153 18192 18206 18208 18209 18248 18275 18281 18284 18337 18343 18345 18361 18412 18442) T. sp. (18123 18124 18240 18332 18353 18443 18454)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (California)	T. mediocronutum (19542)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Texas)	Aphelops meridianus (18657) Rhinocerotidae indet. (18608 18627) Rhinocerotidae indet., Aphelops sp. (18619) T. medicornutum, Aphelops meridianus (18650) T. medicornutum, T. meridianum (18646 18673) T. meridianum (18637 18643 18660 18676 18696)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Oregon)	T. medicornutum (19011 19092)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Nevada)	T. medicornutum (18924 19103) T. sp. (19088 181731)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Colorado)	T. medicornutum (18203)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (South Dakota)	T. sp. (18117)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Kansas)	T. fossiger (18360)
Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (New Mexico)	T. brachyrhinum (19520) T. sp., T. brachyrhinum (19535)
Early/Lower Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Nebraska)	T. medicornutum (17880 17903 17904 17905 17955 17956 17972 17976 17983 17985 18004 18011 18019)
Early/Lower Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (Texas)	T. medicornutum (18674) T. medicornutum, T. meridianum (18665) T. meridianum (18661)
Early/Lower Barstovian	16.3 - 12.5	USA (New Mexico)	T. brachyrhinum (19547) T. sp. (19611)
Barstovian - Clarendonian	16.3 - 9.4	USA (Colorado)	T. sp. (18445)
Barstovian - Clarendonian	16.3 - 9.4	USA (New Mexico)	T. brachyrhinum (19531)
Barstovian - Clarendonian	16.3 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	T. medicornutum (18049 18270) T. sp. (18077)
Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian	16.3 - 9.4	USA (New Mexico)	T. brachyrhinum (19286)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (California)	T. meridianum (19323 19517)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (South Dakota)	T. fossiger (18268 18490) T. major (18200) T. sp. (18063 18428 18476 18478 18481 18485 18487 18492)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	T. fossiger (18226 18336) T. major (18037 18042 18060 18092 18099 18107 18118 18135 18171 18176 18178 18202 18214 18218 18222 18227 18229 18233 18245 18288 18294 18301 18321 18324 18335 18362 18366 18372 18378 18410 18425 18430 18447 18458 18496 188779) T. major, T. medicornutum (18217) T. medicornutum (18148 18242 18260 18465) T. sp. (18061 18082 18095 18108 18156 18159 18194 18221 18234 18243 18251 18315 18316 18328 18440 74098)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nevada)	Rhinocerotidae indet. (18888) T. fossiger (19035) T. major (18845)
Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Texas)	T. fossiger (18355 18611) T. major (18098 18149 18244 18283 18347) T. sp. (18096 18610 18623 18640 18645) T. sp., Rhinocerotidae indet. (207452)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Nebraska)	T. major (18066 18327)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Oregon)	T. sp. (19036)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (New Mexico)	T. brachyrhinum (19528)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Florida)	T. fossiger (18554)
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Kansas)	T. fossiger (110829)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Nebraska)	T. fossiger (18181) T. hicksi (18438) T. major (18065 18069 18134 18236 18256 18295) T. sp. (18128 18180 18305 18326)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (South Dakota)	T. major (18352)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Texas)	T. hicksi (18358)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Oklahoma)	T. sp. (170187)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Montana)	T. fossiger (18802)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Wyoming)	T. sp. (18424)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Washington)	T. major (175228)
Late/Upper Clarendonian - Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Texas)	T. fossiger (18307)
Late/Upper Clarendonian - late Early Hemphillian	12.5 - 4.7	USA (Nebraska)	T. sp. (18298)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	USA (Florida)	T. hicksi (45456) T. proterum (18505)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.63 - 5.333	USA (Kansas)	T. fossiger (18462)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico	T. hicksi (181304)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Guanajuato)	T. sp. (18718)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Florida)	Aphelops fossiger (216990) T. hicksi (18577) T. proterum (18560 18563) T. sp. (18556 18601 200705)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Texas)	T. fossiger (18198) T. fossiger, T. hicksi (18072) T. hicksi, T. sp. (18097) T. sp. (18377)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Jalisco)	T. fossiger (189788 189790 232513) T. sp. (18745)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Oklahoma)	T. fossiger (18034) T. hicksi, T. sp. (18304)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Alabama)	T. sp. (18559 81498)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Nebraska)	T. fossiger (18158 18225) T. hicksi (18033) T. major (18258) T. schultzi (18086) T. sp. (18441)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Michoacán)	T. sp. (212337)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (South Carolina)	T. guymonense (206999)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Oregon)	T. sp. (18806 18807 18833 18875 18940 18970 18999 19015 19116)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Montana)	T. fossiger (18870)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Nayarit)	T. fossiger (212338 212339)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Colorado)	T. yumensis (18495)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Kansas)	T. fossiger (18140 18237 18263 18497) T. major (18415) T. sp. (18046 18055 18342 79633)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Washington)	T. sp. (19024)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Hidalgo)	T. fossiger (212307) T. sp. (18746)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (New Mexico)	T. sp. (19186 19285 19533)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (California)	T. sp. (19447)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Honduras	T. fossiger (18736) T. sp. (18750)
Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Nevada)	T. sp. (18900 19095)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (California)	T. fossiger (19582 19604) T. sp. (19445 175214 175215 175216 175217)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Chihuahua)	T. hicksi (18755)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Arizona)	T. sp. (19390)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Mexico (Guanajuato)	T. fossiger (18713 18740) T. ocotensis (18737)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (New Mexico)	T. hicksi, T. guymonense (169259)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Nevada)	T. fossiger (75859) T. sp. (19108 19109)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Texas)	T. hicksi (18340)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Nebraska)	T. sp. (18126 18247 18359)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	Canada (Alberta)	T. sp. (18780)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Florida)	T. fossiger (18599) T. hicksi (18573)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Idaho)	T. fossiger (218109 218111)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian	9.4 - 4.7	USA (Florida)	T. proterum (18539)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan	9.4 - 1.4	USA (Tennessee)	T. sp. (26574)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan	9.4 - 1.4	USA (Indiana)	T. sp. (18320)
Pliocene	5.333 - 2.58	Ukraine (Odessa)	T. ponticus (76502)
Blancan	4.7 - 1.4	Mexico (Hidalgo)	T. fossiger (20079)
Blancan	4.7 - 1.4	USA (Washington)	T. hicksi (20063)
Blancan	4.7 - 1.4	USA (Nevada)	T. hicksi (19965)