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Stegodon

Osteichthyes - Proboscidea - Elephantidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1857Stegodon Falconer
1880Elephas (Stegodon) Lydekker
1919Stegodon Abel p. 828
1988Stegodon Carroll
1995Stegodon Kalb and Frohelich p. 732
1996Stegodon Shoshani and Tassy p. 352
1997Stegodon McKenna and Bell p. 503
1999Stegodon Sanders p. 793
2005Stegodon Shoshani and Tassy p. 9 figs. Table 2

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
RankNameAuthor
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
superorderAfrotheria
—Paenungulatomorpha
superorderPaenungulata
—Tethytheria
orderProboscidea()
suborderElephantiformesTassy 1988
superfamilyElephantoidea
familyElephantidae
genusStegodonFalconer 1857

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Stegodon Falconer 1857
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†Stegodon aurorae Matsumoto 1918
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Invalid names: Stegodon akashiensis Fuyuji 1936 [synonym]
†Stegodon bombifrons Falconer 1847
†Stegodon elephantoides Clift 1829
†Stegodon florensis Hooijer 1957
†Stegodon ganesa Falconer and Cautley 1875
†Stegodon hypsilophus Hooijer 1954
†Stegodon insignis Falconer 1857
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Invalid names: Stegodon orientalis Owen 1870 [synonym]
†Stegodon kaisensis Hopwood 1939
†Stegodon luzonensis von Koenigswald 1956
†Stegodon mediterraneus Hooijer 1960
†Stegodon miensis Matsumoto 1941
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Invalid names: Stegodon shinshuensis Sawamura et al. 1979 [synonym]
†Stegodon mindanensis Naumann 1890
†Stegodon namadicus Biswas and Dassarma 1981
†Stegodon preorientalis Young 1938
†Stegodon rathiansis Sawar et al. 1985
†Stegodon sompoensis Hooijer 1964
†Stegodon sondaari van den Bergh 1999
†Stegodon sumbaensis Sartono 1979
†Stegodon syrticus Petrocchi 1943
†Stegodon trigonocephalus Martin 1887
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Invalid names: Stegodon javanoganesa Dubois 1908 [synonym]
†Stegodon yuanmouensis You et al. 1978
†Stegodon zdanskyi Hopwood 1935
†Stegodon zhaotongensis Chow and Zhai 1962
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-08-22 20:09:03
Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Messinian to the top of the Holocene or 7.24600 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (114 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58Uganda S. kaisensis (22393 22418 22420 22437)
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58South Africa S. sp. (22220)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Taiwan (Taichung) S. insignis (76860) S. insignis, S. orientalis (76862) S. orientalis (76861)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Greece (Kozani) S. sp. (202732)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Myanmar Mastodon elephantoides, Elephas insignis (215569)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Thailand (Nakorn Ratchasima) S. sp. (67172)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333India (Himachal Pradesh) S. bombifrons (13060)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333China (Yunnan) S. zhaotongensis (230332)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333China (Gansu) S. sp. (231009)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) S. sp. (144187)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Uganda S. kaisensis (22424)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.63 - 3.6Chad S. kaisensis (24181)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Ethiopia S. kaisensis (22158 22161)
Baodean11.1 - 5.09China (Yunnan) S. zhaotongensis (183982)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Kenya S. kaisensis (22307)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Japan (Nagano) S. shinshuensis (156221)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58China (Yunnan) S. sp. (42561)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Uganda S. kaisensis (22250 22252 22260 22265)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa S. kaisensis (22088 22124)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117India (Uttar Pradesh) S. insignis (37751)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Nepal S. insignis (36574)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117India (Himachal Pradesh) S. bombifrons (232188)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55China (Shanxi) S. zdanskyi (42273)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Pakistan (Jhelem, Punjab) S. rathiansis (13448)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Japan (Shimane) S. elephantoides (52018)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58India (Panjab) S. bombifrons, S. insignis (51104 51106)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Japan S. miensis (53828)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58India (Jammu) S. insignis (51102) S. sp., S. insignis (51101)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Indonesia (Sulawesi) S. sompoensis (93543 93546 93623 93625 93627 93631 93632 93633 93635) S. sp. (93548 93634)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Chad S. kaisensis (22506)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774Indonesia (Sulawesi) S. sompoensis (93525 93567)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774Myanmar S. elephantoides (41258) S. insignis (41266 41306)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Japan (Hyogo) Parastegodon akashiensis (13932)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Japan (Tokyo) S. aurorae (76022)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) S. preorientalis (214689)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China (Yunnan) S. sp. (71055)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Indonesia (Flores) S. sondaari (93660)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China (Guangxi) S. preorientalis (230325)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Japan S. aurorae (79697)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Indonesia S. trigonocephalus (93520) S. trigonocephalus, S. hypsilophus (93522)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China (Guanxi) S. preorientalis (230994)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774India (Himchal Pradesh) S. sp. (236041)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China (Hunan) S. orientalis (36819)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.58 - 0.129China (Sichuan) S. orientalis (226365)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) S. sumbaensis (94323)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Israel S. sp. (34043)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Philippines (Luzon) S. luzonensis (94612) S. sp. (40273)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117China (Yunnan) S. sp., S. elephantoides (36587) S. sp., S. yuanmouensis (36584) S. zhaotongensis, S. elephantoides (36583)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117India (Uttar Pradesh) S. sp., S. insignis (237974)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117India S. insignis (237977) S. insignis, S. ganesa (238017) S. insignis, S. ganesa, S. namadicus (237975)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Indonesia (Sumba) S. sumbaensis (228012)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Indonesia (Java) S. javanoganesa (213296)
Calabrian - Chibanian1.8 - 0.129Indonesia (Jawa Timur) S. trigonocephalus (93521)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Vietnam (Lang Son) S. orientalis (92781)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Taiwan (Tainan) S. aurorae, S. akashiensis (76844)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guangdong) S. orientalis (40341 120834)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Malaysia (Perak) S. sp. (275383)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Laos (Hua Pan) S. orientalis (235746)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (Flores) S. florensis (93668 93669 93670)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Syria S. trigonocephalus (34105)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima) S. sp. (143885)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) S. florensis (68069)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129India (Madhya Pradesh) S. insignis, S. ganesa (92786)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Hubei) S. sp. (234753)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guizhou) S. preorientalis (51100)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129China (Guangxi) S. orientalis (235740) S. sp. (38649 235739)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (Sulawesi) S. sp. (93636)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Vietnam S. orientalis (108001)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Guangdong) S. orientalis (13293)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117China (Guangxi) S. orientalis (235737)
Middle Pleistocene - Quaternary0.774 - 0.0Israel S. mediterraneus (13490)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia S. trigonocephalus (93523)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) S. sp. (68057 68065)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117China (Hunan) S. orientalis (36729 36730)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117China (Hubei) S. orientalis (92787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa S. sp. (22068)