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Taxonomy
Canis ferox was named by Miller and Carranza-Castaneda (1998). Its type specimen is IGM 1130, a partial skeleton (nearly complete skull with incomplete dentition (right and left P3-M2); left lower jaw with dentition (pl, p4-m2); atlas fragment; axis; partial 3rd cervical; t), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Rancho El Ocote (Basal), which is in a Hemphillian fluvial claystone/sandstone in the Rancho Viejo Beds Formation of Mexico.
It was recombined as Eucyon ferox by Valenciano et al. (2022).
It was recombined as Eucyon ferox by Valenciano et al. (2022).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1998 | Canis ferox Miller and Carranza-Castaneda p. 549 figs. 4, 5 |
| 2008 | Canis ferox Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Canis ferox Tedford et al. p. 105 figs. 37A–G, 38A–Q, 40, 43, 44, 52; appendices 2–4 |
| 2022 | Eucyon ferox Valenciano et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Eucyon ferox Miller and Carranza-Castaneda 1998
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| W. E. Miller and O. Carranza-Castaneda 1998 | About the height of a small, modem female coy- ote, but much more robust, with limb bones absolutely as well as relatively broader; skull low, relatively large compared to body size, with small rounded braincase having a significant postorbital constriction. Lambdoidal crest distinctly triangular with sharp, pointed apex. Rostrum very narrow. Low crowned P4-M2 with labial cingulum on molars, pronounced on Ml; P4 narrow; M 1 protocone and metaconule weakly connected by low ridge; Ml paracone significantly taller and larger than metacone, with hypocone relatively small and narrow, divided into two subequal parts; M2 about half size of Ml. Lower jaw long but relatively deep and with relatively short coronoid process for a fully adult individual; narrow ml paraconid, low compared to protoconid; talonid basin of ml shallow, well separated hypo- conid and entoconid, lacking connecting ridge between meta- conid and entoconid; m2 hypoconid large, comprising at least 50 percent of talonid. | |
| R. H. Tedford et al. 2009 | The expanded frontal sinus, enlargement of the angular process for insertion of the superior ramus of median pterygoid, triangular shape of supraoccipital shield, and union of the parasagittal crests anterior to the frontoparietal suture differen- tiates C. ferox from Eucyon sp.; other features such as the size of skull and skeleton stand intermediate between E. davisi and C. lepophagus. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Van Valkenburgh 1988 | |||||
Age range: Pliocene or 5.33300 to 2.58800 Ma
Collections (23 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | Canis ferox (212307) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Jalisco) | Canis ferox (18745 189788 189790) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | Canis ferox (18304) | |
| Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Canis ferox (18718) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (New Mexico) | Canis sp. (19473) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Guanajuato) | Canis ferox (18713 type locality: 18737) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Canis ferox (18755) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Canis lepophagus (18126) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Arizona) | Canis ferox (19514 19612) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Idaho) | Canis ferox (181255) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Canis ferox (19925) Canis lepophagus (19936) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Canis sp. (19959 19960) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Canis lepophagus (19832 19836 19868 19902 19906) |