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Ustatochoerus
Taxonomy
Ustatochoerus was named by Schultz and Falkenbach (1941). It is the type genus of Ustatochoerinae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Merychyus by Lander (1998), Morgan et al. (2009).
It was assigned to Ticholeptinae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1941); and to Ustatochoerinae by Stevens and Stevens (2007), May (2019), Stevens et al. (2023).
It was synonymized subjectively with Merychyus by Lander (1998), Morgan et al. (2009).
It was assigned to Ticholeptinae by Schultz and Falkenbach (1941); and to Ustatochoerinae by Stevens and Stevens (2007), May (2019), Stevens et al. (2023).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1941 | Ustatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach p. 10 |
| 2007 | Ustatochoerus Stevens and Stevens p. 166 |
| 2019 | Ustatochoerus May |
| 2023 | Ustatochoerus Stevens et al. p. 117 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Ustatochoerus Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
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†Ustatochoerus californicus Merriam 1919
†Ustatochoerus leptoscelos Stevens et al. 1969
†Ustatochoerus major Leidy 1858
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Invalid names: Merychyus (Metoreodon) profectus Matthew and Cook 1909 [synonym], Merychyus major major Leidy 1859 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus profectus espanolensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus profectus nevadaensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1968 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus profectus studeri Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus skinneri Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [synonym], Ustatochoerus skinneri santacruzensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup]
†Ustatochoerus medius Leidy 1858
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†Ustatochoerus medius mohavensis Schultz and Falkenbach 1941
†Ustatochoerus medius novomexicanus Frick 1929
Invalid names: Merychyus medius novomexicanus Frick 1929 [invalid subgroup], Merycochoerus coenopus Scott 1890 [synonym], Merycochoerus compressidens Douglass 1901 [synonym]
†Ustatochoerus tedfordi Stevens et al. 2023
Invalid names: Ustatochoerus californicus raki Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup], Ustatochoerus major texanus Schultz and Falkenbach 1941 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| C. B. Schultz and C. H. Falkenbach 1941 | SKULL.-Medium to large size, ranging in length from approximately 220 mm. to 325 mm.; brachycephalic; occipital region fan-shaped (somewhat simi- lar to Brachycrus Matthew); sagittal crest prominent; brain case moderately inflated; zygomatic arch moderately light for size of skull; orbits large (com- pared to Brachycrus and M erycochoerus), looking forward and upward; pre- lacrimal pit moderately deep; prelacrimal vacuity usually present; infraorbital foramina above region of P4 and M1; slight to moderate retraction of nasals (not as great as in Brachycrus and M erycochoerus); premaxillae fused for short distance; paroccipital process long and wide at base, forming the lower part of the fan-shaped occipital region; postglenoid process narrow anteroposteriorly but prominent; bullre divided into two portions 2 with inflated area between the paroccipital and postglenoid processes and deflated area anterior to the par- occipital process.
MANDIBLE.-Shallow for size of the skull; inferior border of ram us almost parallel to the tooth series, with a slight downward curve below Ma. DENTITION.-Moderately hypsodont; I~very prominent, at least twice the size of It premolars complicated; superior premolars with a definite cusp on the anterior intermediate crest, and often with a small cusp on the center of the posterior crescent; internal and external cingula usually well developed on pre- molars; external styles of molars prominent; inferior premolars crowded, slightly grooved externally, with cusps situated internally at center of the anterior crests; M 3 with large heel. LIMBs.-Moderately heavy (compared to those of most genera of oreodonts). | |
| M. S. Stevens et al. 2023 | Teeth higher crowned than in Ticholeptus or Mediochoerus, with more prominent shelf-like labial premolar cingula. Tip of nasals retracted above P1-P2, with a relatively deep narial notch. Infraorbital foramen above P4. Upper border of maxilla rises gradually to nasals. Lower border of ramus straight to slightly curved. Moderately hypsodont but becoming more hypsodont with successive species. Facial vacuity small and decreasing in size with later species. Occiput broad and becoming broader in later species. Premolars with complex patterns. Robust limbs. (Modified from Schultz and Falkenbach, 1941, and Stevens and Stevens, 2007). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Lander 1998, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Collections (119 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arikareean | USA (Texas) | Phenacocoelus leptoscelos (178057 178059 178062) | |
| Arikareean | USA (California) | Phenacocoelus leptoscelos (17800) | |
| Harrisonian | USA (Texas) | Hypsiops leptoscelos (17768) U. leptoscelos (17836) | |
| Miocene | USA (Texas) | U. profectus (18103) | |
| Miocene | USA (Kansas) | U. medius, U. profectus (18122) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nebraska) | U. major (18189 18289 18400) U. medius (18264 18311 18319 18356 18469) U. profectus (18050 18137) U. skinneri (18224) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Dakota) | U. medius (18191) | |
| Miocene | USA (New Mexico) | U. medius (19518) | |
| Miocene | USA (Nevada) | U. profectus (18989) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | U. tedfordi (17873) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Colorado) | U. medius (18203 18220) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Merychyus medius (18109) U. medius (18031 18101 18124 18125 18141 18155 18164 18192 18216 18275 18281 18284 18442 18443) U. medius, U. profectus (18123) U. profectus (18119 18136 18464) | |
| Barstovian | USA (New Mexico) | U. californicus, U. medius (19535) U. medius (19287) U. novomexicanus, U. skinneri (19470) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Merychyus profectus (230906) U. major, U. medius (18049) U. medius (18077 18270 18280 18290) U. medius, U. profectus (18070) | |
| Barstovian - Clarendonian | USA (Colorado) | U. medius (18445) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (South Dakota) | Metoreodon profectus (18063) U. profectus (18200) U. skinneri (18268 18429) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Oklahoma) | U. profectus (18045) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (California) | Merycochoerus californicus (189022) U. californicus (19322 19323 19384 19417 19517) U. major (19185) U. profectus (19383 19391) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | U. major (18028 18099 18135 18145 18156 18214 18218 18221 18227 18231 18300 18333 18425 18430 18458 18468 18496) U. medius (18260) U. profectus (18042 18060 18095 18204 18251 18301 18335 18362 18447) U. skinneri (18092 18315 18324 188779) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Texas) | Oreodontidae indet. (18645) U. major, U. profectus (18096) U. medius, Metoreodon sp. (18623) U. profectus (18104 18244 18355) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Merychyus major (234756) U. major (18066) U. medius (18207) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | Merychyus major (157331) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Merychyus major (18295) U. major (18180) U. profectus (18069 18134) | |
| Clarendonian - Hemphillian | USA (Wyoming) | U. medius (18424) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | U. californicus (19466) U. major (52210) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | U. major (18033) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | U. major (18499) |