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Smilax
Taxonomy
Smilax was named by Linnaeus (1753) [(Tournefort) Linnaeus]. It is extant. Its type is Smilax aspera.
It was assigned to Liliaceae by MacGinitie (1941); to Smilaceae by Ettinghausen (1880), Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), Srivastava (1991); and to Smilacaceae by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
It was assigned to Liliaceae by MacGinitie (1941); to Smilaceae by Ettinghausen (1880), Knowlton (1899), Knowlton (1919), Srivastava (1991); and to Smilacaceae by Lakhanpal et al. (1976), Chauhan (1991), Liu et al. (1996), Mabberley (2000).
Species
S. aspera (type species), S. bonanox, S. caduca, S. carbonensis, S. china, S. coloradensis, S. cyclophylla, S. excelsa, S. franklini, S. grandifoliacretacea, S. herbacea, S. kansana (syn. S. undulata), S. labidurommae, S. lamarensis, S. lanceolata, S. laurifolia, S. obtusangula, S. pristina, S. pseudochina, S. raritanensis (syn. Paliurus ovalis), S. rotundifolia, S. sarsaparilla, S. tamnoides, S. undulata, S. wardii, S. zeylanica
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1753 | Smilax Linnaeus |
| 1880 | Smilax Ettinghausen p. 393 |
| 1899 | Smilax Knowlton |
| 1919 | Smilax Knowlton |
| 1941 | Smilax MacGinitie p. 100 |
| 1976 | Smilax Lakhanpal et al. |
| 1991 | Smilax Chauhan |
| 1991 | Smilax Srivastava |
| 1996 | Smilax Liu et al. |
| 2000 | Smilax Mabberley |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Smilax Linnaeus 1753
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Smilax aspera Linnaeus 1753
Smilax bonanox Linnaeus 1753
Smilax caduca Linnaeus 1753
†Smilax carbonensis Cockerell 1914
Smilax china Linnaeus 1753
†Smilax coloradensis Knowlton 1917
†Smilax cyclophylla Newberry 1863
Smilax excelsa Linnaeus 1753
†Smilax franklini Heer 1868
†Smilax grandifoliacretacea Lesquereux 1891
Smilax herbacea Linnaeus 1753
†Smilax labidurommae Cockerell 1914
†Smilax lamarensis Knowlton 1899
Smilax lanceolata Linnaeus 1753
Smilax laurifolia Linnaeus 1753
†Smilax obtusangula Heer 1859
†Smilax pristina Ettinghausen and Gardner 1879
Smilax pseudochina Linnaeus 1753
Smilax rotundifolia Linnaeus 1753
Smilax sarsaparilla Linnaeus 1753
Smilax tamnoides Linnaeus 1753
Smilax undulata Pohl 1878
†Smilax wardii Lesquereux 1888
Smilax zeylanica Linnaeus 1753
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Cretaceous to the top of the Holocene or 100.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (29 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | S. coloradensis (31382) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Idaho) | S. trinervis (35347) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | S. pristina (22811) | |
| Eocene | China (Guangxi) | S. sp. (223907) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | S. GR550 (28745) | |
| MP 13 | Germany (Eifel) | S. sp. (24201) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | S. lamarensis (24156 24198) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | S. labidurommae (23997 23998) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Colorado) | S. labidurommae (24209) | |
| MP 21 | Czechia | S. sp. (91467) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia | S. sp. (31643) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | China (Yunnan) | S. sp. (223826) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | S. trinervis (23973) | |
| Miocene | Switzerland (Zürich) | S. sagittifera (46327) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | S. trinervis (22796) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | S. sp. (222792) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (California) | S. magna (35412) | |
| Langhian - Messinian | Japan (Hirakata) | S. hokkaidoensis (22739 22744) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | USA (California) | S. diforma (27342) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Yunnan) | S. grandifolia (222695) S. sp. (222698) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (California) | S. remingtonii (35271) | |
| Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | S. sp. (223992) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Tokyo) | S. china (224546) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guangxi) | S. petiolata (223913) | |
| Holocene | India (Uttarakhand) | S. sp. (228773) |