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Cornaceae
Taxonomy
Cornaceae was named by Dumortier (1825).
It was assigned to Umbellales by Knowlton (1919); to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964); to Umbelliflorae by MacGinitie (1941), Hickey (1977); and to Cornales by McIver and Basinger (1993), Mabberley (2000), Taylor et al. (2008), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
It was assigned to Umbellales by Knowlton (1919); to Dicotyledones by Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964); to Umbelliflorae by MacGinitie (1941), Hickey (1977); and to Cornales by McIver and Basinger (1993), Mabberley (2000), Taylor et al. (2008), The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
Subtaxa
Alangiophyllum, Cornaceophyllum, Cornoideae, Cornophyllum, Cornus, Dendrobenthamia, Diplomastixia, Dunstania, Eomastixia, Ganitrocera, Hartzia, Lanfrancia, Langtonia, Mastixicarpum, Mastixioideae, Mastixioidiocarpum, Muzquizoxylon, Nyssidium, Platymastixia, Plexiplica, Portnallia, Retinomastixia, Tectocarya, Xylomastixia
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Cornaceae Dumortier |
| 1919 | Cornaceae Knowlton |
| 1941 | Cornaceae MacGinitie |
| 1961 | Cornaceae Chandler p. 282 |
| 1962 | Cornaceae Chandler p. 122 |
| 1963 | Cornaceae Chandler p. 123 |
| 1964 | Cornaceae Chandler p. 99 |
| 1977 | Cornaceae Hickey |
| 1985 | Cornaceophyllum Karanjekar |
| 1993 | Cornaceae McIver and Basinger |
| 2000 | Cornaceae Mabberley |
| 2008 | Cornaceae Taylor et al. p. 1030 |
| 2016 | Cornaceae The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group p. 19 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Cornaceae Dumortier 1825
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G. †Cornophyllum Newberry 1895
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†Cornophyllum obtusatum Berry 1919
†Cornophyllum vetustum Newberry 1895
G. Cornus Linnaeus 1753 [dogwood]
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Cornus acuminata Weber 1852
Cornus canadensis Linnaeus 1753
†Cornus cecilensis Berry 1911
†Cornus emmonsii Ward 1885
†Cornus ettingshausenii Gardner 1883
†Cornus ferox Unger 1850
Cornus florida Linnaeus 1753
†Cornus forchhammeri Heer 1882
†Cornus fosteri Ward 1885
Cornus glabrata Bentham 1844
†Cornus glandulosa Chandler 1926
†Cornus holmesii Lesquereux 1873
†Cornus hyperborea Heer 1871
†Cornus impressa Lesquereux 1873
†Cornus incompletus Lesquereux 1868
†Cornus kelloggii Lesquereux 1878
†Cornus krassilovii Manchester et al. 2009
Cornus macrophylla Wallich 1820
Cornus mas Linnaeus 1753
†Cornus multilocularis Reid and Chandler 1933
†Cornus nebrascensis Schimper 1874
†Cornus neomexicana Knowlton 1917
†Cornus obesus Dawson 1893
†Cornus orbifera Heer 1853
†Cornus ovalis Lesquereux 1878
†Cornus praecox Lesquereux 1891
†Cornus quadrilocularis Chandler 1962
†Cornus rhamnifolia Weber 1852
Cornus sanguinea Linnaeus 1753
†Cornus studeri Heer 1859
†Cornus suborbifera Lesquereux 1878
Cornus suecica Linnaeus 1753
†Cornus swingii Manchester et al. 2009
†Cornus tsuyazakiensis Suzuki 1982
†Cornus wrightii Knowlton 1899
G. †Eomastixia Chandler 1926
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†Eomastixia bilocularis Chandler 1926
†Eomastixia rugosa Zenker 1833
†Eomastixia rugosus Zenker 1833
†Eomastixia urceolata Chandler 1962
G. †Muzquizoxylon Estrada-Ruiz et al. 2010
G. †Portnallia Chandler 1961
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†Portnallia bognorensis Chandler 1961
†Portnallia sheppeyensis Chandler 1961
Invalid names: Cornaceophyllum Karanjekar 1985 [nomen nudum], Cornoideae [empty], Mastixioideae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lancian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 72.20000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (254 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Wyoming) | Cornophyllum wardii (34971) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Mexico | Muzquizoxylon porrasii (116348) | |
| Lancian | USA (North Dakota) | Cornophyllum newberryi (25414 25421 25422 25437 25445 25448 25465 25468 25473 25474 25475 25476 25498 25920 48216 48268 48269 48270 48271) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Cornophyllum wardii (34921) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Cornus sp. (96781) | |
| Puercan | USA (North Dakota) | Cornophyllum newberryi (24973 25007 25026 25420 25423 25426 25427 25440 25446 25449 25453 25454 25455 25457 25458 25459 25464 25466 25467 25469 25470 48177 48178 48179 48180) | |
| Puercan | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus nebrascensis (14805) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (North Dakota) | Cornophyllum newberryi (129230) | |
| Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Cornus hyperborea (53945) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Montana) | Cornus hyperborea (40746 43253 53526 53600) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Colorado) | Cornus hyperborea (40061) | |
| Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus hyperborea (40825 52868 57995 58000) | |
| Paleocene | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Cornophyllum newberryi (34420 34421 34422 34426 34428) | |
| Paleogene | India (Madhya Pradesh) | Cornaceophyllum intertrappea (224606) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Aichi) | Cornus megaphylla (22819) | |
| Tertiary | Japan (Gunma) | Cornus miowalteri (22768) | |
| Torrejonian | USA (North Dakota) | Cornophyllum newberryi (24957) | |
| Torrejonian | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus nebrascensis (11402) | |
| Tiffanian | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus hyperborea (28632 28634 28635 28636 28637 28643 28644) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | France (Oise) | Cornaceae indet. (166598) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus hyperborea (28656 28670 129153 129224) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus hyperborea (11382 28647 28654 28665 28681 28688 28690 28692 28900 28903) Cornus hyperborea, Cornus nebrascensis (11352) Cornus nebrascensis (11420) | |
| Clarkforkian | USA (North Dakota) | Cornus hyperborea (10805) Cornus sp., Nyssidium articum (21372) | |
| Graybullian | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus hyperborea (11490) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (North Dakota) | Cornus hyperborea (10965) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Cornaceae indet., Eomastixia rugosa, Mastixicarpum crassum, Eomastixia urceolata, Cornus quadrilocularis (23398) Dunstania multilocularis (22741 22743) Dunstania multilocularis, Dunstania ettingshauseni, Lanfrancia subglobosa, Langtonia bisulcata, Portnallia sheppeyensis (22806) Dunstania multilocularis, Lanfrancia subglobosa (22800) Dunstania multilocularis, Lanfrancia subglobosa, Portnallia bognorensis (21249) Eomastixia rugosa (23397) | |
| Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Mastixicarpum crassum (27721) | |
| Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Mastixicarpum sp. (237755) | |
| Eocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Cornus sp. (179231) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Dunstania glandulosa, Eomastixia rugosa, Mastixicarpum crassum (24106) Eomastixia rugosa, Mastixicarpum crassum (24107 24108) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | USA (Washington) | Cornus sp. (11537) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Wyoming) | Cornus wrightii (35583) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | Cornus kelloggii (23996) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (Oregon) | Cornus clarnensis, Langtonia sp., Langtonia bisulcata, Mastixicarpum occidentale, Mastixioidiocarpum oregonense, Mastixioidiocarpum sp. (21220) | |
| Middle Eocene | Germany (Hesse) | Eomastixia rugosa (140304) | |
| Middle Eocene | China (Jilin) | Cornus sp., Nyssidium sp. (179213) | |
| Middle Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | Haiti | Cornus stenostomus (173456) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Dunstania glandulosa, Eomastixia rugosa, Mastixicarpum crassum (24109) Eomastixia rugosa (27778) | |
| Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Dunstania glandulosa, Eomastixia rugosa, Mastixicarpum crassum, Mastixioideae sp., Cornus quadrilocularis (27663) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Japan (Fukuoka) | Cornus tsuyazakiensis (224520) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Cornus sp. (35221 35235 35269) | |
| Rupelian | Russian Federation (Tiumensky) | Cornus gorbunovii (22849) | |
| Rupelian | Czechia | Cornus studeri (31643) | |
| Rupelian | Russian Federation (Sverdlovsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (22844) | |
| Oligocene | USA (Montana) | Cornus ovalis (23793) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (23901 23905) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | Germany (Saxony) | Cornus sp., Mastixicarpum cacaoides (24982) Eomastixia rugosa (25003 25590) Eomastixia rugosa, Mastixicarpum cacaoides (24922 24923 24925 24977 24978 24979 24987 24988 25001 25002 25575 25578 25581 25586 25588) Mastixicarpum cacaoides (24980 24981 24983 24985 25574 25576 25580 25591) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Sachsen) | Retinomastixia glandulosa (26750) | |
| Chattian | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (22888 22889 23114 23663 23669 23673 23782 23888) Cornus gorbunovii, Cornus tertiaria (23891) Cornus sp. (22909) Cornus tertiaria (23781) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene | USA (Montana) | Cornus ovalis (23330) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (23906 23907 23908) | |
| Miocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Cornaceae indet. (231784) | |
| Miocene | China (Xizang) | Cornus sp. (223821) | |
| Miocene | China (Hebei) | Cornus sanguinea (223818) | |
| Miocene | USA (Idaho) | Cornus ovalis (35278) | |
| Miocene | USA (Montana) | Cornus cornella (23973) | |
| Miocene | China (Zhejiang) | Cornus miowalteri (224041) | |
| Miocene | Switzerland (Zürich) | Cornus sp. (46324) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Japan (Nagano) | Cornus miowalteri (22796) | |
| Neogene | China (Guangxi) | Cornus megaphylla (223942) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Bayern) | Eomastixia persicoides, Mastixicarpum limnophilum (28284) Eomastixia persicoides, Mastixicarpum limnophilum, Retinomastixia oerteli, Tectocarya lusatica (28280 28282) Eomastixia persicoides, Retinomastixia oerteli, Tectocarya lusatica (28281) Retinomastixia oerteli (28283) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Cornus megaphylla, Cornus miowalteri (223803) | |
| Langhian | Germany (sachsen) | Eomastixia saxonica, Tectocarya elliptica (27519) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Eomastixia saxonica (23060 23062) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Poland (Silesia) | Cornus sp. (28443) Cornus sp. 1, Cornus sp. 2, Cornus controversa, Cornus alba, Cornus stolonifera, Cornus obliqua, Cornus mas (28442) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Eomastixia saxonica (27530 27547 27548 27551 27552) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (California) | Cornus ovalis (35412) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Brandenburg) | Eomastixia saxonica, Tectocarya elliptica (27516) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Tomsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (24081) | |
| Middle Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (24079) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Saxen) | Eomastixia saxonica (22898) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Sachsen) | Tectocarya elliptica (27381) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Nevada) | Cornus ovalis (27527) | |
| Serravallian | Germany (Brandenburg) | Eomastixia saxonica (22928 22929 23047 23054 23055 23058 23348 23598 23652 23654 23657 23661 23677) Eomastixia saxonica, Mastixicarpum limnophilum (22896 23608) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Russian Federation (Omsk) | Cornus gorbunovii (24286 24287) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan (Gunma) | Cornus miowalteri, Cornus megaphylla (22755) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine) | Cornus bugloviana (28113) Cornus sp. (28053) Eomastixia persicoides (28056 28117 28118) Eomastixia persicoides, Tectocarya rhenana (28046 28051 28057 28116) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Germany (North Rhine Westphalia) | Cornus bugloviana (27919) Cornus bugloviana, Eomastixia persicoides (27918) Eomastixia persicoides (28044) | |
| Tortonian - Messinian | Japan (Gunma) | Cornus miowalteri (21229 21239 21250 21258 21270) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | France (Elsass) | Tectocarya lusatica, Dendrobenthamia tegeliensis, Cornus mas (21222) | |
| Zanclean | Germany (North Rhine) | Cornus controversa, Cornus sp., Cornus stolonifera, Cornus mas (28134) | |
| Pliocene | Portugal | Cornaceae indet. (232122 232125 232144 232146) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | Italy (Umbria) | Cornus sp. (51756) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | China (Yunnan) | Cornus megaphylla (224402) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (North Rhine) | Cornus stolonifera (28198) | |
| Piacenzian | Germany (Thuringia) | Dendrobenthamia tegeliensis (22778) | |
| Pleistocene | India (Kashmir) | Cornus capitata (224612) Cornus macrophylla (224614) Cornus sp., Cornus capitata (224613) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Washington) | Cornus stolonifera (93677) |