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Mytilidae (mussel)

Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae

Taxonomy
Mytilidae was named by Rafinesque (1815) [m. kosnik taxon no: 5046]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Mytilaeea by Glenn (1904); to Pelecypoda by Stanton (1895) and Clark and Arnold (1923); to Pectinacea by Olsson (1931); to Mytilacea by Newell (1965), Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Dockery (1982), Squires (1984), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1987), Stilwell and Zinsmeister (1992) and Maxwell (1992); to Mytiloida by Squires (1988), Gordillo (1991), Spencer et al. (2004), El Qot (2006) and Scholz et al. (2008); and to Mytiloidea by Squires and Goedert (1991), Stilwell (1998), Todd (2001), Bieler and Mikkelsen (2006), Griffin et al. (2008), Nevesskaja (2009), von Cosel and Marshall (2010), Bouchet et al. (2010), Carter et al. (2011) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1815Mytilidae Rafinesque
1895Mytilidae Stanton p. 48
1904Mytilidae Glenn p. 362
1923Mytilidae Clark and Arnold p. 143
1931Mytilidae Olsson p. 41
1965Mytilidae Newell p. 17
1977Mytilidae Adegoke p. 228
1980Mytilidae Vokes p. 22
1982Mytilidae Dockery p. 38
1984Mytilidae Squires p. 42
1987Mytilidae Squires p. 56
1987Mytilidae Ward and Blackwelder p. 129
1988Mytilidae Squires p. 17
1991Mytilidae Gordillo p. 129
1991Mytilidae Squires and Goedert p. 413
1992Mytilidae Maxwell p. 64
1992Mytilidae Stilwell and Zinsmeister p. 54
1998Mytilidae Stilwell p. 35
2001Mytilidae Todd
2004Mytilidae Spencer et al.
2006Mytilidae Bieler and Mikkelsen p. 229
2006Mytilidae El Qot p. 17
2008Mytilidae Griffin et al.
2008Mytilidae Scholz et al.
2009Mytilidae Nevesskaja
2010Mytilidae Bouchet et al.
2010Mytilidae von Cosel and Marshall p. 60
2011Mytilidae Carter et al. p. 6
2014Mytilidae Ros-Franch et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
RankNameAuthor
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
—MytilomorphiFerussac 1822
orderMytilida(Rafinesque 1815)
superfamilyMytiloideaRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815
familyMytilidaeRafinesque 1815

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Mytilidae Rafinesque 1815 [mussel]
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G. Adipicola Dautzenberg 1927
+
G. Amygdalum Megerle 1811
+
Subg. Amygdalum (Modiolula) Sacco 1808
+
Modiolula phaseolina Philippi 1844
†Modiolula pygmaea Philippi 1843
+
Invalid names: Modiola lemeslei Cossmann and Lambert 1884 [synonym]
†Amygdalum progoensis Martin 1916
†Amygdalum simplex Sowerby 1850
G. †Antetrichomya Iredale 1951
G. †Arcomytilus Agassiz 1843
+
†Arcomytilus asper Sowerby 1818
†Arcomytilus biochei Deshayes 1858
†Arcomytilus dairensis Hayami 1958
†Arcomytilus furcatus Münster 1837
†Arcomytilus laitmairensis de Loriol 1883
†Arcomytilus nudus Repin 2013
G. †Arcoperna Conard 1865
+
†Arcoperna inflata Dall 1916
†Arcoperna linteata Dockery 1982
†Arcoperna nuculaeformis Nyst and Hon 1862
Arcoperna serica Bronn 1831
G. Arcuatula Jousseaume 1919
+
†Arcuatula sootryeni Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. Arvella Scarlatto 1960
G. Aulacomya Mörch 1853
+
Aulacomya atra Molina 1782
†Aulacomya subfragilis d'Orbigny 1847
G. Bathymodiolus Kenk and Wilson 1985
+
†Bathymodiolus inouei Amano and Jenkins 2011
†Bathymodiolus palmarensis Kiel et al. 2010
†Bathymodiolus satsopensis Kiel and Amano 2013
Bathymodiolus tangaroa Cosel and Marshall 2003
Bathymodiolus thermophilus Kenk and Wilson 1985
†Bathymodiolus willapaensis Squires and Goedert 1991
G. Botulina Dall 1889
G. Botulopa Iredale 1939
G. †Botulopsis Reis 1926
+
†Botulopsis reisi Waller 2005
+
Invalid names: Botulopsis cassiana Reis 1926 [replaced]
†Botulopsis taramellii De Toni 1913
G. Brachiodontes Swainson 1840
G. Ciboticola Iredale 1939
G. †Coxesia Mendes 1952
+
†Coxesia mezzalirai Mendes 1952
G. †Cuneolus Stephenson 1941
+
†Cuneolus hourcqui Dartevelle and Freneix 1957
†Cuneolus tippana Conrad 1858
G. Dacrydium Torell 1859
+
†Dacrydium cupressinum Couper 1960
†Dacrydium florinii Cookson and Pike 1953
Invalid names: Quendreda Iredale 1936 [synonym]
G. †Eyrena Ludbrook 1966
+
†Eyrena primulafontensis Etheridge 1902
G. †Falcimytilus Cox 1937
+
†Falcimytilus heranirus Hayami 1958
†Falcimytilus nasai Kobayashi and Ichikawa 1950
†Falcimytilus tigrensis Blanford 1870
G. †Fluviolanatus Iredale 1924
+
†Fluviolanatus subtorta Dunker 1857
G. Geukensia Van de Poel 1959
+
Geukensia demissa Dilwyn 1817
G. †Hilgardella Stephenson 1957
G. †Inoperna Conrad 1873
+
Subg. †Inoperna (Inoperna) Conrad 1875
+
Subg. †Inoperna (Triasoperna) Repin 1996
+
†Inoperna bellarugosa Popenoe 1937
†Inoperna flagellifera Forbes 1846
†Inoperna perplicata Etallon 1863
†Inoperna plenicostata Anderson 1970
†Inoperna sowerbiana Danise et al. 2019
G. †Lecompteus Poel 1959
G. Lioberus Dall 1898
G. Lithophaga Röding 1798
+
Subg. Lithophaga (Labis) Dall 1916
+
Subg. Lithophaga (Leiosolenus) Carpenter 1856
Subg. Lithophaga (Lithophaga) Röding 1798
+
†Lithophaga affinis Martin 1879
Lithophaga antillarum d'Orbigny 1853
Lithophaga aristata Dillwyn 1817
†Lithophaga atavus Waagen 1881
Lithophaga bisulcata d'Orbigny 1853
†Lithophaga conchafodentis Gardner 1916
†Lithophaga consobrina Eichwald 1861
†Lithophaga cordata Lamarck 1807
†Lithophaga elongata Kossmat 1893
†Lithophaga fabella Eudes-Deslongchamps 1838
†Lithophaga gigantea Stuckenberg 1898
+
Invalid names: Paychoya sicaria Lutkevich and Lobanova 1956 [synonym]
Lithophaga gracilis Philippi 1847
†Lithophaga inclusa Phillips 1829
†Lithophaga inflexa von Koenen 1897
†Lithophaga lingua Gardner 1916
Lithophaga lithophaga Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Lithodomus avitensis Mayer 1867 [synonym]
†Lithophaga lycetti Whiteaves 1861
†Lithophaga maikaensis Marwick 1953
Lithophaga nigra d'Orbigny 1845
†Lithophaga nuda Dall 1898
†Lithophaga praelonga d'Orbigny 1843
†Lithophaga subalveata Conrad 1866
†Lithophaga tubicola Wood 1861
†Lithophaga turneri Adegoke 1977
†Lithophaga yorkensis Olsson 1914
Invalid names: Lithodomus Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Paychoya Lutkevich and Lobanova 1956 [synonym]
Subfm. Lithophaginae Adams and Adams 1857
+
G. Adula Adams and Adams 1857 [datemussel]
+
Adula californiensis Philippi 1847
Adula diegensis Dall 1911
Adula gruneri Philippi 1851
+
Invalid names: Botula (Adula) falcata Gould 1851 [synonym]
†Adula mcknighti Hanna 1927
G. Zelithophaga Finlay 1926
+
Invalid names: Botulini Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Lithodominae Gray 1854 [synonym], Lithophagini Adams and Adams 1857 [empty]
G. †Lycettia Cox 1937
+
†Lycettia lunularis Lycett 1857
G. †Mauricia
G. Modiolaria Loven 1846
+
†Modiolaria arcaeformis Cossmann 1887
†Modiolaria curta Glenn 1904
†Modiolaria singularis Tate 1886
+
Modiolatus rectus Conrad 1837
Subfm. Modiolinae Termier and Termier 1950
+
G. Botula Mörch 1853
+
†Botula cassiana Bittner 1895
Botula cinnamomeus Lamarck 1819
Botula fusca Gmelin 1791
†Botula pirriei Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. Idas Jeffreys 1876
+
Idas argenteus Jeffreys 1876
†Idas olympicus Kiel and Goedert 2007
†Idas tauroparva Sacco 1898
Invalid names: Idasola Iredale 1915 [synonym]
G. Limnoperna Rocheburne 1882
G. †Mytilops
G. Modiolus Lamarck 1801
+
Subg. Modiola (Lithophagus) Megerle 1811
+
†Lithophagus alpinus Zittel 1866
†Lithophagus oviformis Gabb 1864
Lithophagus plumula Hanley 1844
†Lithophagus priscus Giebel 1856
†Lithophagus triadicus Bittner 1901
Subg. †Modiola (Septiola) Bittner 1895
+
†Modiola amygdalina Phillips 1841
†Modiola angustissima Newton 1895
Modiola barbata Linnaeus 1758
†Modiola bolodekensis Voronetz 1938
Modiola costulata Risso 1826
†Modiola decliva White 1887
†Modiola exbrocchii Sacco 1898
†Modiola flemischi Martin 1933
†Modiola fornicata Römer 1836
†Modiola goldfussi Dunker 1849
†Modiola gracilior Lepsius 1878
†Modiola hartleyensis Etheridge Jr. 1902
†Modiola houstonia Harris 1895
†Modiola klipsteinii Bittner 1895
†Modiola lidarensis Diener 1915
†Modiola longaticensis Bittner 1901
Modiola marmorata Forbes 1838
†Modiola minuta Goldfuss 1833
†Modiola myoconchaeformis Philippi 1898
†Modiola nevadensis Walcott 1884
†Modiola ocrophaius Cossmann 1887
†Modiola pantanellii Futterer 1897
†Modiola pedernalis Roemer 1852
†Modiola pictinatus Lamarck 1805
†Modiola potomacensis Clark 1895
†Modiola praerupta Pritchard 1901
†Modiola pueblensis Pritchard 1901
†Modiola raibliana Bittner 1895
†Modiola ravni Lundgren 1895
†Modiola rhaetica Lepsius 1878
Modiola rhombea Berkeley 1827
†Modiola sanharica Maury 1936
†Modiola schafhaeutli Stur 1851
†Modiola siliqua Matheron 1843
†Modiola solenoides Morris and Lycett 1853
†Modiola subcarinatus Lamarck 1805
†Modiola sulcatus Lamarck 1805
†Modiola texana Gabb 1861
†Modiola tulipea Lamarck 1819
†Modiola visgnolae Mariani 1919
†Modiola vomer Parona 1890
Subg. †Modiolus (Cyranus) Hodges 2000
+
Subg. †Modiolus (Inoperna) Conrad 1875
+
Subg. Modiolus (Modiolusia) Yamamoto and Habe 1958
Subg. †Modiolus (Strimodiolus) Fursich 1982
†Modiolus addicotti Moore 1984
†Modiolus adelaidensis Tate 1886
†Modiolus aequalis Sowerby 1818
†Modiolus alveolana Stephenson 1952
†Modiolus ameghinoi Ihering 1907
Modiolus americana Leach 1815
†Modiolus anatinus Smith 1817
+
Invalid names: Modiola cuneata Sowerby 1818 [synonym]
†Modiolus archiskanni McLearn 1945
†Modiolus ausiensis Ilyina 1957
†Modiolus balongensis Martin 1931
†Modiolus bipartitus Sowerby 1818
†Modiolus buckmani Rollier 1914
Modiolus capax Conrad 1837
Modiolus carpenteri Soot-Ryen 1963
+
Invalid names: Modiolus fornicata Carpenter 1864 [replaced], Volsella fornicata Carpenter 1864 [synonym]
†Modiolus cawcawensis Harris 1919
†Modiolus columbianus Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
†Modiolus dalli Glenn 1904
†Modiolus dimidiatus Münster 1841
†Modiolus ducatelii Conrad 1840
†Modiolus ducatellii Conrad 1840
+
Invalid names: Modiola inflata Tuomey and Holmes 1856 [synonym]
†Modiolus ellipticus Guskov and Pogorevitsch 1984
†Modiolus eugenensis Clark 1925
†Modiolus extensus Lutkevitch and Lobanova 1960
†Modiolus friesenbichlerae Dominici and Danise 2024
†Modiolus frugi Healey 1908
†Modiolus gejiuensis Guo 1985
†Modiolus gerthi Damborenea 1987
†Modiolus gibbus Kiparisova 1966
†Modiolus giganteus Quenstedt 1857
†Modiolus gigantoides Olsson 1914
†Modiolus gigantus Li et al. 1982
†Modiolus gracilis Klipstein 1843
†Modiolus grammatus Dall 1898
†Modiolus guiyangensis Chen 1976
†Modiolus hollicki Brown 1905
†Modiolus ionensis Glenn 1904
†Modiolus jaworskii Wanner and Knipscheer 1951
†Modiolus kelsoensis Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
†Modiolus koneckii Dickins 1963
†Modiolus kutinskensis Efimova 1966
†Modiolus latecaudatus Pritchard 1903
†Modiolus ligeriensis d'Orbigny 1844
†Modiolus magnus Guskov 1984
†Modiolus major Gabb 1869
†Modiolus meeki Evans and Shumard 1857
†Modiolus minimus Sowerby 1818
†Modiolus muensteri Klipstein 1843
†Modiolus omanensis Hudson and Jefferies 1961
†Modiolus ornatus Gabb 1864
†Modiolus paronai Bittner 1895
†Modiolus philippinarum Hanley 1844
†Modiolus pliciferus von Koenen 1897
†Modiolus porterensis Clark 1925
†Modiolus pulchellus Olsson 1914
†Modiolus pygmaeus Münster 1841
+
Invalid names: Mytilus subpygmaeus d'Orbigny 1849 [synonym]
†Modiolus raubensis Cox 1936
†Modiolus restorationensis Van Winkle 1918
†Modiolus reversus Sowerby 1836
†Modiolus salzstettensis Hohenstein 1913
†Modiolus sandbergeri Glibert and de Heinzelin 1954
†Modiolus semilaevigatus Deshayes 1861
†Modiolus silentiensis McLearn 1926
†Modiolus solea Slodkewitsch 1936
†Modiolus sookensis Clark and Arnold 1923
†Modiolus speciosus Merla 1933
†Modiolus stantoni Anderson 1938
†Modiolus strajeskianus d'Orbigny 1845
†Modiolus subsimplex d'Orbigny 1850
†Modiolus tenuistriatus Slodkewitsch 1936
†Modiolus trigonalis Slodkewitsch 1936
†Modiolus trinominata Hanna 1924
+
Invalid names: Modiolus inflatus Dall 1909 [replaced]
†Modiolus triquetra Seebach 1862
†Modiolus typicus Forbes 1846
†Modiolus virginicus Conrad 1867
†Modiolus wajampolkensis Slodkewitsch 1936
†Modiolus willapaensis Squires and Goedert 1991
†Modiolus yunnanensis Chen 1976
G. Musculista Yamamoto and Habe 1958
+
+
Subg. †Mytilaster (Persiaster) Repin 2008
+
†Mytilaster edseli Griffin et al. 2008
Mytilaster lineatus Gmelin 1791
Subfm. Mytilinae Rafinesque 1815
+
G. Brachidontes Swainson 1840
+
Subg. †Brachidontes (Arcomytilus) Agassiz 1842
+
†Brachidontes (Arcomytilus) bathonicus Morris and Lycett 1853
Subg. Brachidontes (Austromytilus) Laseron 1956
Subg. Brachidontes (Brachidontes) Swainson 1840
+
+
Invalid names: Mytilus dichotomus Cooper 1894 [replaced]
†Brachidontes (Brachidontes) cowlitzensis Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
+
Invalid names: Modiola ornata Gabb 1864 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Mytilus stearnsii Pilsbry and Raymond 1898 [synonym]
†Brachidontes alabamensis Aldrich 1895
†Brachidontes alabamiensis Aldrich 1895
†Brachidontes andinus Ortmann 1900
†Brachidontes bifurcatus Popenoe 1937
Brachidontes exustus Linnaeus 1758
Brachidontes modiolus Linnaeus 1767
+
Invalid names: Mytilus citrinus Röding 1798 [synonym], Mytilus cubitus Say 1822 [synonym]
†Brachidontes ornatissimus d'Orbigny 1844
†Brachidontes pectinatus Lemarck 1801
†Brachidontes toechophora Boettger 1883
†Brachyodontes charmesi Thomas and Peron 1890
†Brachyodontes convolutus von Koenen 1897
†Modiolus (Brachydontes) olequahensis Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
G. Choromytilus Soot-Ryen 1952
+
Choromytilus chorus Molina 1782
G. Ischadium Jukes-Browne 1905
+
Ischadium recurvum Rafinesque 1820
+
Invalid names: Mytilus hamatus Say 1822 [synonym]
G. Mytella Soot-Ryen 1955
+
Mytella guyanensis Lamarck 1819
+
Invalid names: Modiola bicolor Lamarck 1819 [synonym], Modiola brasiliensis Hanley 1843 [synonym], Modiola sinuosa King 1832 [synonym]
Mytella inezensis Conrad 1857
G. †Mytilosootus Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
+
†Mytilosootus arcuatus Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992
G. Mytilus Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. †Mytilus (Chloromya) Mörch 1853
+
Subg. †Mytilus (Falcimytilus) Cox 1937
+
†Mytilus (Falcimytilus) tumidus Morris and Lycett 1853
Subg. †Mytilus (Modiola) Forbes 1846
+
Subg. Mytilus (Mytilus) Linnaeus 1758
+
†Mytilus (Mytilus) loeli Grant, IV 1930
+
Invalid names: Mytilus kewi Wiedey 1929 [replaced]
Invalid names: Mytilus humerus Conrad 1855 [nomen dubium]
Subg. †Mytilus (Pharomytilus) Rollier 1914
+
†Mytilus acutecarinatus Bittner 1901
†Mytilus affinis Sowerby 1829
†Mytilus alpinus Guembel 1861
†Mytilus angulatus Riedel 1933
†Mytilus antiqorum Sowerby 1821
†Mytilus autissiodorensis Cotteau 1853
†Mytilus beaumonti de Verneuil 1845
†Mytilus brewsterensis Hassan 1953
†Mytilus bussoni Collignon 1971
†Mytilus canoasensis Olsson 1931
Mytilus chenui Récluz 1842
†Mytilus cleopatrae Oppenheim 1903
†Mytilus conradinus d'Orbigny 1852
†Mytilus decipiens Wilckens 1907
†Mytilus deperditus Tate 1887
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus 1758
+
†Mytilus eurynota Cossmann 1887
+
Invalid names: Mytilus hesperianus Lamarck 1819 [synonym]
†Mytilus glabratus Dunker 1846
†Mytilus hamiltonensis Tate 1887
†Mytilus hamlini Loel and Corey 1932
†Mytilus hannibali Clark and Arnold 1923
†Mytilus hauniensis Rosenkrantz 1920
†Mytilus homfrayi Gabb 1864
†Mytilus jurensis Merian 1836
†Mytilus lamellosus Terquem 1855
†Mytilus linguatulus Tate 1887
†Mytilus luciferus Yokoyama 1924
†Mytilus mabuchii Oyama and Mizuno 1958
†Mytilus madagascariensis Newton 1895
Mytilus magellanicus Chemntiz 1785
†Mytilus minutus Goldfuss 1837
†Mytilus mooraboolensis Pritchard 1903
†Mytilus muensteri Klipstein 1843
+
Invalid names: Mytilus praeacutus Klipstein 1843 [synonym], Mytilus scalaris Klipstein 1843 [synonym]
†Mytilus mulleri Giebel 1856
Mytilus multiformis Carpenter 1857
†Mytilus multistriatus Meek 1864
†Mytilus nativus Kurushin 1985
†Mytilus nitens Forbes 1846
†Mytilus ochotensis Slodkewitsch 1936
†Mytilus pauperculus Gabb 1864
†Mytilus pectinatus Sowerby 1821
†Mytilus periscus Cox 1936
†Mytilus productus Terquem 1855
†Mytilus psilonoti Quenstedt 1857
†Mytilus quadratus Gabb 1869
†Mytilus quenstedti Giebel 1856
†Mytilus rigaultii Deshayes 1884
†Mytilus rugosus Roemer 1836
†Mytilus rugulosus Bittner 1895
†Mytilus sammamishensis Weaver 1912
†Mytilus scaphoides Bronn 1831
†Mytilus schencki Hanna and Hertlein 1938
†Mytilus shulapsensis McLearn 1942
†Mytilus snohomishensis Weaver 1912
†Mytilus stillwaterensis Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
†Mytilus submenkeanus Tate 1886
†Mytilus subpectinatus D'Orbigny 1850
Mytilus trossulus Gould 1850
+
Invalid names: Mytilus pedroanus Conrad 1855 [synonym]
†Mytilus ursensis Smith 1927
†Mytilus watersi Etherington 1931
Invalid names: Mytilus similis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium]
G. †Nodomytilus Kauffman and Leanza 2004
+
†Nodomytilus trigonimimus Kauffman and Leanza 2004
G. Perna Retzius 1788
+
Subg. †Perna (Perna) Moore 1983
+
†Perna (Perna) montana Conrad 1857
†Perna bosniaca Oppenheim 1908
†Perna excavata White 1889
†Perna heberti Cossmann and Lambert 1884
†Perna kerguelensis Fletcher 1938
†Perna latoconvexa Newton 1895
†Perna loczyi Frech 1912
Perna magellanica Retzius 1788
†Perna meleagrinoides Hislop 1859
†Perna nishiyamai Yokoyama 1911
Perna perna Linnaeus 1758
†Perna rimosa Lamarck 1805
†Perna texanus Gabb 1861
G. Perumytilus Olsson 1961
+
+
†Semimodiola hastata Deshayes 1830
G. Semimytilus Soot-Ryen 1955
+
G. Septifer Récluz 1848
+
Subg. Septifer (Septifer) Récluz 1846
+
+
Invalid names: Septifer vaughani Dall et al. 1938 [synonym]
Septifer bifurcatus Conrad 1837
Septifer bilocularis Linnaeus 1758
†Septifer elegans Waring 1917
†Septifer fenestralis Tate 1886
†Septifer fenestratus Tate 1886
†Septifer lineatus Sowerby 1836
†Septifer lingua Martin 1879
†Septifer magnificus Krishtofovich 1969
†Septifer mayai Griffin et al. 2008
†Septifer mifunensis Tamura 1976
†Septifer samiri Abbass 1962
Invalid names: Adulinae Scarlato and Starobogatov [synonym], Adulini Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Aulacomyini Carter 2011 [empty], Brachidontinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [synonym], Crenomytilini Kafanov 1984 [empty], Mytilini Rafinesque 1815 [empty], Perninae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [synonym]
G. Mytiloconcha Conrad 1862
+
†Mytiloconcha dariensis Olsson 1967
†Mytilus (Mytiloconcha) vancouverensis Clark and Arnold 1923
G. †Phthonia Hall and Whitfield 1869
+
†Phthonia regularis Barrande 1881
G. †Promytilus Newell 1942
+
†Promytilus acinaciformis Harrington 1955
†Promytilus annosus Newell 1942
†Promytilus borealis Kurushin 1989
†Promytilus cancellatus Maxwell 1964
†Promytilus ensiformis Li and Ding 1982
†Promytilus illinoisensis Worthen 1884
+
Invalid names: Myalina arkansana Weller 1897 [synonym]
†Promytilus laevis Li and Ding 1982
†Promytilus maiyensis Nakazawa and Newell 1968
†Promytilus mazzolenii Larghi 2005
†Promytilus merlai Prinoth and Posenato 2023
†Promytilus mytiliformis Etheridge 1892
†Promytilus pottsvillensis Hoare et al. 1978
†Promytilus priscus Newell 1942
†Promytilus retusus Chronic 1952
+
Invalid names: Liebea vaengensis Kulikov 1967 [synonym]
†Promytilus swallovi McChesney 1860
†Promytilus vetulus Newell 1942
G. †Stavelia Gray 1858
G. Trichomusculus Iredale 1924
+
G. Trichomya Ihering 1900
+
G. Volsella Scopoli 1777
+
†Modiolus (Volsella) henryi Anderson 1938
†Volsella anomala Russell and Landes 1937
†Volsella attenuata Meek and Hayden 1857
†Volsella bakevelloides Hayami 1958
†Volsella flabellata Gould 1850
†Volsella flichei Peron 1880
†Volsella galpiniana Evans and Shumard 1854
†Volsella telea Stewart 1930
+
Invalid names: Modiola cylindrica Gabb 1864 [replaced]
†Volsella wrighti Warren 1934
G. †Volsellina Newell 1942
+
†Volsellina areiensis Neves et al. 2014
†Volsellina carinata Prinoth and Posenato 2023
†Volsellina equatorialis Thomas 1928
†Volsellina heywoodi Waterhouse 1987
†Volsellina ornatissima Johnston 1887
†Volsellina transparens Waagen 1881
G. Vulcanidas von Cosel and Marshall 2010
+
†Vulcanidas goederti Kiel and Amano 2013
Vulcanidas insolatus von Cosel and Marshall 2010
Subfm. †Xenomytilinae Squires and Saul 2006
+
G. †Xenomytilus Squires and Saul 2006
+
†Xenomytilus fons Squires and Saul 2006
G. Xenostrobus Wilson 1966
+
Invalid names: Arcuatulinae Scarlato and Starobogatov 1979 [empty], Bathymodiolinae Kenk and Wilson 1985 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Composition 2: low Mg calcitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 10 to < 100f
Adult width: 10 to < 100f
Adult height: 10 to < 100f
Thickness: intermediatef
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: lagoonal, coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanic, brackish, freshwaterf
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Comments: MINERALOGY: Aragonite usually prevailing. LIFE HISTORY: mostly EP, mostly SE, mostly BA, SU according to Todd (2001); epibyssatef
Created: 2007-10-05 05:18:14
Modified: 2009-09-09 10:27:52
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gorstian to the top of the Holocene or 427.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 425.6 Ma

Collections (4297 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Gorstian427.4 - 425.6Czech Republic (Bohemia) Phthonia regularis (85118)
Ludlow - Pridoli427.4 - 419.2Morocco Mytilus sp. (27396)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2China (Xinjiang) Mytilus beyrichi (10931)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Uruguay Modiolus sp. (37078)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Canada (Quebec) Phthonia sp. (608)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Brazil (Parana) Modiolus sp., Phthonia sp. (37080 37081 37084)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Piaui) Modiolus sp. (37128)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Parana) Modiolus sp. (37104 37106) Modiolus sp., Phthonia sp. (37107)
Emsian - Eifelian407.6 - 387.7Brazil (Goias) Modiolus sp. (37111)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Canada (Ontario) Mytilidae indet. (3845 3853)
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (New York) Phthonia cylindrica (91229 91247 91248)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Canada (Manitoba) Phthonia sp. (6718)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (New York) Mytilops praecedens (89676) Phthonia sp. (89652 89704 89879 89889 89921 89927 89933 89941)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Pennsylvania) Phthonia sectifrons (9898) Phthonia sp. (627)
Late/Upper Famennian364.7 - 360.7Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Modiolus sp. (162207)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Arizona) Modiola illinoiensis (123280 123798 124253)
Carboniferous358.9 - 298.9USA (Oklahoma) Lithophaga sp. (172)
Visean346.7 - 330.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Modiolus sp. (566)
Meramecian343.0 - 335.5USA (Nevada) Modiolus nevadensis (62674 62735)
Asbian340.0 - 336.0Bosnia and Herzegovina Modiola lata (206737)