PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Balanophyllia

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Dendrophylliidae

Taxonomy

Balanophyllia was named by Wood (1844) [Sepkoski's age data: T Dani R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Dendrophylliidae by Wells (1941), Wells (1956) and Kiessling (2008).

Species

B. (Balanophyllia), B. (Eupsammia) bossolensis, B. (Eupsammia) cornurupicaprae, B. (Eupsammia) cylindrica, B. (Eupsammia) meneghinii, B. (Eupsammia) pachysepta, B. (Eupsammia) sismondiana, B. (Eupsammia) zelandiae, B. (Eupsammia) zuffardii, B. acostae, B. alta, B. annularis, B. augustinensis, B. basedowi, B. bavarica, B. besairiei (syn. Eupsammia lehmani), B. blakeleyensis, B. calyculus, B. campanulata, B. cauliculata, B. caulifera (syn. B. santaelenensis, Eupsammia pozaryskii, Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis, Eupsammia narindensis, Eupsammia collignoni, B. ladakhensis, B. schlosseri), B. clarendonensis, B. complanata, B. compressa, B. concinna, B. conica, B. cornurupicaprae, B. cowlitzensis, B. cumingii, B. desmophyllum, B. elegans, B. elongata, B. formosana, B. fossata, B. fulleri, B. gigas, B. haleana, B. hectori, B. imperialis, B. inauris, B. induta, B. irregularis, B. irrorata, B. italica, B. nonaradiata, B. oppenheimi, B. oulangiformis, B. parallela, B. patera, B. patula, B. pittieri, B. piuraensis, B. ponderosa (syn. B. traubi), B. praelonga, B. redivivus, B. rovasendai, B. salpynx, B. soloensis, B. striatissima, B. teglandae, B. thalassae, B. torta, B. truncata, B. variabilis, B. variabilis, B. varians, B. washingtonensis, Eupsammia compressa

Synonyms

Rhodopsammia was named by Semper (1872). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Balanophyllia by Kiessling (2009).
Ceratopsammia was named by Alloiteau (1958) [Sepkoski's age data: K u K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 658,796]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Balanophyllia by Baron-Szabo (2002).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).
Eupsammia was named by Milne-Edwards and Haime (1848) [Sepkoski's age data: K u R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) by Kiessling (2003); it was synonymized subjectively with Balanophyllia by Baron-Szabo (2008).

It was assigned to Eupsammidae by Alloiteau and Tissier (1958); to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); and to Balanophyllia by Kiessling (2003).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1844	Balanophyllia Wood
1848	Eupsammia Milne-Edwards and Haime
1872	Rhodopsammia Semper
1941	Balanophyllia Wells p. 316
1956	Balanophyllia Wells
1958	Ceratopsammia Alloiteau
1958	Eupsammia Alloiteau and Tissier
2002	Balanophyllia Sepkoski
2002	Ceratopsammia Sepkoski
2002	Eupsammia Sepkoski
2003	Balanophyllia (Eupsammia) Kiessling
2008	Balanophyllia Kiessling

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()

Rank	Name	Author
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900
suborder	Dendrophylliina	Vaughan and Wells 1943
family	Dendrophylliidae	Gray 1847
genus	Balanophyllia	Wood 1844

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Balanophyllia Wood 1844

show all | hide all

Subg. Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) Wood 1844

Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia) caryophylloides Seguenza 1880

†Balanophyllia acostae Jell et al. 2011

†Balanophyllia alta Tenison-Woods 1880

†Balanophyllia annularis Vaughan 1900

†Balanophyllia augustinensis Vaughan 1900

†Balanophyllia basedowi Dennant 1904

†Balanophyllia bavarica Kühn 1965

†Balanophyllia besairiei Alloiteau 1958

Invalid names: Eupsammia lehmani Alloiteau and Tissier 1958 [synonym]

†Balanophyllia blakeleyensis Quayle 1933

†Balanophyllia calyculus Wood 1844

†Balanophyllia campanulata Duncan 1870

†Balanophyllia cauliculata Dennant 1904

†Balanophyllia caulifera Conrad 1848

Invalid names: Balanophyllia ladakhensis Pal et al. 1984 [synonym], Balanophyllia santaelenensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1974 [synonym], Balanophyllia schlosseri Traub 1938 [synonym], Eupsammia collignoni Alloiteau 1951 [synonym], Eupsammia narindensis Alloiteau 1936 [synonym], Eupsammia pozaryskii Rozkowska 1955 [synonym], Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis Alloiteau 1958 [synonym]

†Balanophyllia clarendonensis Wells 1934

†Balanophyllia complanata Gerth 1921

†Balanophyllia compressa Sismonda 1871

†Balanophyllia concinna Reuss 1871

†Balanophyllia conica Osasco 1897

†Balanophyllia cornurupicaprae Zuffardi-Comerci 1932

†Balanophyllia cowlitzensis Durham 1943

Balanophyllia cumingii Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

†Balanophyllia desmophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

Balanophyllia elegans Verrill 1864

†Balanophyllia elongata Vaughan 1900

†Balanophyllia formosana Hu 1987

†Balanophyllia fossata Dennant 1904

†Balanophyllia fulleri Durham 1942

Balanophyllia gigas v.d. Horst 1922

†Balanophyllia haleana Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848

Balanophyllia hectori Tenison-Woods 1880

Balanophyllia imperialis Kent 1871

†Balanophyllia inauris Vaughan 1900

†Balanophyllia induta Dennant 1904

†Balanophyllia irregularis Seguenza 1864

†Balanophyllia irrorata

Balanophyllia italica Michelin 1841

†Balanophyllia nonaradiata Chevalier 1962

†Balanophyllia oppenheimi Felix 1913

†Balanophyllia oulangiformis Hu 1988

Balanophyllia parallela Semper 1872

†Balanophyllia patera Montanaro 1933

†Balanophyllia patula Dennant 1904

Balanophyllia pittieri Vaughan 1919

†Balanophyllia piuraensis Wells 1941

†Balanophyllia ponderosa Vaughan 1900

Invalid names: Balanophyllia traubi Kühn and Traub 1967 [synonym]

†Balanophyllia praelonga Michelotti 1838

†Balanophyllia redivivus Moseley 1881

†Balanophyllia rovasendai Zuffardi-Comerci 1932

†Balanophyllia salpynx Squires 1958

†Balanophyllia soloensis Osberger 1955

†Balanophyllia striatissima Sismonda 1871

†Balanophyllia teglandae Durham 1942

Balanophyllia thalassae Zibrowius 1980

†Balanophyllia torta Dennant 1904

†Balanophyllia truncata Dennant 1904

†Balanophyllia variabilis Nomland 1916

†Balanophyllia variabilis Gerth 1921

†Balanophyllia varians Reuss 1854

†Balanophyllia washingtonensis Durham 1942

Invalid names: Ceratopsammia Alloiteau 1958 [synonym], Eupsammia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 [synonym], Rhodopsammia Semper 1872 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	10	13.3	9.40	22.8	13.4	4.08

Composition:

aragoniteg

Grouping:

colonialo

Clonal:

yeso

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

intermediate-level epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

alternatingo

Asexual:

yeso

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-29 09:09:26

Modified:

2004-02-29 11:09:26

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Santonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 86.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma

Collections (266 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Santonian	86.3 - 83.6	Austria	B. sp. (74895)
Campanian - Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	India (Jammu and Kashmir)	B. ladakhensis, B. varians (87602)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Oman	Eupsammia narindensis (67455)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.5 - 66.0	Madagascar (Toliara)	Ceratopsammia besairiei (86519)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	Eupsammia narindensis (86517) Eupsammia narindensis, Eupsammia collignoni (86511) Palaeopsammia mitsinjoensis (86512)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	70.6 - 66.0	Australia (Western Australia)	B. acostae (123004)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Greenland	B. ponderosa (69604)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	B. ponderosa (98701 109601 109613 122546 122602 122610 122649)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Ukraine (Cherkaska)	B. subcylindrica (77069)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Ukraine (Krym)	B. schlosseri (77071)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	Poland	Eupsammia pozaryskii (87245)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Alabama)	B. ponderosa (2861) B. sp. (2862 83297)
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	France	Eupsammia lehmani (76889)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Texas)	B. ponderosa (108436)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.2	USA (Alabama)	B. haleana (35081)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 58.7	USA (Texas)	B. ponderosa (86329)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	B. desmophyllum (87826) B. ponderosa (87802)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Austria (Salzburg)	B. schlosseri, B. traubi, B. sp. (84335)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.6 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	B. desmophyllum (80367 80386 80387)
Thanetian	59.2 - 56.0	USA (Alabama)	B. annularis (87831) B. desmophyllum (80421 80672) B. elaborata (80670 86179) B. elaborata, B. desmophyllum (80495 80621) Eupsammia elaborata, B. desmophyllum (87828)