PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Therizinosauria

Osteichthyes

Taxonomy

Therizinosauria was named by Russell (1997). It was considered monophyletic by Zanno (2010).

It was assigned to Avialae by Maryanska et al. (2002); to Maniraptora by Currie (1997), Zanno et al. (2009); to Maniraptoriformes by Hendrickx and Mateus (2014); and to Coelurosauria by Zanno (2010), Yao et al. (2019).

Subtaxa

Erlikosaurus, Falcarius, Fukuivenator, Jianchangosaurus, Lingyuanosaurus, Therizinosauroidea (syn. Segnosaurischia, Segnosauria)

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1997	Therizinosauria Currie p. 733
1997	Therizinosauria Russell
2002	Therizinosauria Maryanska et al. p. 101 fig. 1
2009	Therizinosauria Zanno et al. p. S16 fig. S2
2010	Therizinosauria Zanno p. 512
2014	Therizinosauria Hendrickx and Mateus
2019	Therizinosauria Yao et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida

Rank	Name	Author
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Saurischia	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptoriformes
—	Therizinosauria	Russell 1997
—	Therizinosauria	Russell 1997

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. †Therizinosauria Russell 1997

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G. †Erlikosaurus Barsbold and Perle 1980

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†Erlikosaurus andrewsi Barsbold and Perle 1980

G. †Falcarius Kirkland et al. 2005

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†Falcarius utahensis Kirkland et al. 2005

G. †Fukuivenator Azuma et al. 2016

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†Fukuivenator paradoxus Azuma et al. 2016

G. †Jianchangosaurus Pu et al. 2013

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†Jianchangosaurus yixianensis Pu et al. 2013

G. †Lingyuanosaurus Yao et al. 2019

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†Lingyuanosaurus sihedangensis Yao et al. 2019

Superfm. †Therizinosauroidea Russell and Dong 1994

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G. †Alxasaurus Russell and Dong 1994

†Alxasaurus elesitaiensis Russell and Dong 1994

G. †Beipiaosaurus Xu et al. 1999

†Beipiaosaurus inexpectus Xu et al. 1999

Fm. †Dendroolithidae Zhao and Li 1988

G. †Placoolithus Zhao 1979

†Placoolithus taohensis Zhao and Zhao 1998

†Placoolithus tiantaiensis Jin 2008

†Placoolithus tumiaolingensis Zhou et al. 1998

Invalid names: Dendroolithus hongzhaiziensis Zhou et al. 1998 [synonym], Paradendroolithus qinglongshanensis Zhou et al. 1998 [synonym]

Invalid names: Paradendroolithus Zhou and Ren [synonym]

G. †Martharaptor Senter et al. 2012

†Martharaptor greenriverensis Senter et al. 2012

Fm. †Therizinosauridae Maleev 1954

G. †Duonychus Kobayashi et al. 2025

†Duonychus tsogtbaatari Kobayashi et al. 2025

G. †Enigmosaurus Barsbold and Perle 1983 [enigmatic lizard]

†Enigmosaurus mongoliensis Barsbold and Perle 1983

G. †Erliansaurus Xu et al. 2002

†Erliansaurus bellamanus Xu et al. 2002

G. †Eshanosaurus Xu et al. 2001

†Eshanosaurus deguchiianus Xu et al. 2001

G. †Nanshiungosaurus Dong 1979

†Nanshiungosaurus bohlini Dong and Yu 1997

†Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus Dong 1979

G. †Neimongosaurus Zhang et al. 2001

†Neimongosaurus yangi Zhang et al. 2001

G. †Nothronychus Kirkland and Wolfe 2001

†Nothronychus graffami Zanno et al. 2009

†Nothronychus mckinleyi Kirkland and Wolfe 2001

G. †Paralitherizinosaurus Kobayashi et al. 2022

†Paralitherizinosaurus japonicus Kobayashi et al. 2022

G. †Segnosaurus Perle 1979

†Segnosaurus galbinensis Perle 1979

G. †Suzhousaurus Li et al. 2007 [Suzhou lizard]

†Suzhousaurus megatherioides Li et al. 2007

G. †Therizinosaurus Maleev 1954

†Therizinosaurus cheloniformis Maleev 1954

G. †Tiantaisaurus Qian et al. 2012

†Tiantaisaurus sifengensis Qian et al. 2012

Invalid names: Enigmosauridae Barsbold and Perle 1983 [synonym], Erlikosauridae Eberth et al. 2001 [synonym], Nanshiungosauridae Dong and Yu 1997 [synonym], Segnosauridae Perle 1979 [synonym]

Invalid names: Alxasauridae Russell and Dong 1994 [empty], Segnosauria Barsbold and Perle 1980 [synonym], Segnosaurischia Dong 1992 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

10000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

3000 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:39:15

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:39:15

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Benton 1983, Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Hettangian to the top of the Maastrichtian or 201.40000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (72 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Hettangian	201.4 - 199.5	China (Yunnan)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (51909)
Berriasian - Valanginian	143.1 - 132.6	USA (Utah)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (50052)
Late/Upper Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Carnosauria indet. (55273)
Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	Russian Federation (Buryat)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (58196)
Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	USA (Utah)	Falcarius sp. (97956) Martharaptor greenriverensis (133038)
Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	125.77 - 119.57	China (Liaoning)	Beipiaosaurus inexpectus (52888) Beipiaosaurus sp. (87417) Jianchangosaurus yixianensis (145247)
Barremian - Aptian	125.77 - 113.2	Russian Federation (Kemerovo)	Therizinosauria indet. (167304)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	China (Gansu)	Suzhousaurus megatherioides (76900)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	China (Liaoning)	Lingyuanosaurus sihedangensis (135798)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Japan (Fukui)	Theropoda indet. (166210)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	China (Nei Mongol)	Alxasaurus elesitaiensis (46881)
Aptian	121.4 - 113.2	Russian Federation (Kemerovo)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (39680)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	Japan (Hyogo)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (117980)
Early/Lower Albian	113.2 - 110.1	China (Gansu)	Nanshiungosaurus bohlini (45168) Suzhousaurus megatherioides (84007)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	China (Zhejiang)	Tiantaisaurus sifengensis (175968)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan)	Segnosauria indet. (58466)
Early/Lower Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Segnosauria indet. (64685)
Late/Upper Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Japan (Kumamoto)	Allosaurus sp. (182216 182217) Therizinosauridae indet. (51963)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Ömnögovi)	Duonychus tsogtbaatari (239804)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Segnosaurus galbinensis (79724 224602)
Cenomanian - Santonian	100.5 - 83.6	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Segnosaurus galbinensis, Enigmosaurus mongoliensis (118167) Therizinosauroidea indet. (76061)
Early/Lower Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (Utah)	Therizinosauridae indet. (67973)
Middle Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	USA (New Mexico)	Nothronychus mckinleyi (52033)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Uzbekistan (Navoi)	Segnosauria indet. (46959 58161 58168 58172 58173)
Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian	93.9 - 85.7	Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (58207 73442 73443 73444)
Late/Upper Turonian - Late/Upper Santonian	93.9 - 83.6	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Segnosaurus galbinensis (67974) Segnosauria indet. (137858) Segnosauridae indet. (55254)
Late/Upper Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	China (Hubei)	Dendroolithus hongzhaiziensis (275538) Dendroolithus tumiaolingensis (275536) Paradendroolithus qinglongshanensis (275537)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Late/Upper Santonian	89.8 - 83.6	China (Henan)	Placoolithus taohensis (275539)
Early/Lower Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Tajikistan (Sogd)	Oviraptoridae indet. (58701)
Santonian - Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	China (Henan)	Therizinosauroidea indet. (80013)
Santonian - Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Mongolia (Dornogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (206394)
Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian	85.7 - 72.2	Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda)	Therizinosauridae indet. (53134) Therizinosauroidea indet. (64688) Therizinosauroidea indet., Tarbosaurus sp. (59702) Theropoda indet. (59701)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Japan (Hokkaido)	Maniraptora indet. (87521)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omngov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (100261)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (130803) Dinosauria indet. (28243)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	China (Nei Mongol)	Alectrosaurus olseni (49355) Neimongosaurus yangi, Erliansaurus bellamanus (55713)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	China (Guangdong)	Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus (58448)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mongolia (Bayankhongor)	Therizinosauria indet. (91909)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mongolia (Omnogov)	Dendroolithidae indet. (55257 55258 108344 127674 127681 168988) Dendroolithus sp. (130800) Dinosauria indet. (168111) Therizinosaurus cheloniformis (88554 179625)