PBDB Taxon

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Smilotrochus

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Smilotrochidae

Taxonomy

Smilotrochus was named by Milne-Edwards and Haime (1851). It is extant. It is the type genus of Smilotrochidae.

It was assigned to Caryophylliidae by Baron-Szabo (2002); to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002); to Parasmiliinae by Baron-Szabo (2008); and to Smilotrochidae by Baron-Szabo (2021).

Species

Ceratosmilia arnaudi, S. besairiei, S. carnarvonensis, S. cenomanus, S. cornucopiae, S. curtus, S. elongatus, S. galeriformis (syn. S. nagorzanensis, S. hagenowi, S. jakhmari), S. hungaricus, S. incurvus, S. milneri (syn. S. jacobi), S. palmerae, S. ponderosus (syn. S. grandis), S. tuberosus

Species lacking formal opinion data

S. boulei, S. compressus, S. excavatus, S. faxensis, S. macroseptus, S. subcostatus

Entered

by W. Kiessling on 2003-09-17; modified by W. Kiessling on 2013-04-30

Synonyms

Parasmiliopsis was named by Alloiteau (1957). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Smilotrochus by Kiessling (2014).

It was assigned to Meandrinidae by Turnsek et al. (2003).
Dungulia was named by Oppenheim (1930) [Sepkoski's age data: J Kimm R Sepkoski's reference number: 2]. It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Smilotrochus by Baron-Szabo (2008).

It was assigned to Parasmiliinae by Wells (1956); and to Scleractinia by Sepkoski (2002).
Ceratosmilia was named by Alloiteau (1952).

It was synonymized subjectively with Smilotrochus by Kiessling (2014).

It was assigned to Scleractinia by Alloiteau (1952); and to Eusmiliinae by Eliasova (1997).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1851	Smilotrochus Milne-Edwards and Haime
1930	Dungulia Oppenheim
1952	Ceratosmilia Alloiteau
1956	Dungulia Wells
1957	Parasmiliopsis Alloiteau
1997	Ceratosmilia Eliasova
2002	Smilotrochus Baron-Szabo
2002	Dungulia Sepkoski
2002	Smilorochus Sepkoski
2003	Parasmiliopsis Turnsek et al.
2008	Smilotrochus Baron-Szabo p. 80
2021	Smilotrochus Baron-Szabo

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()

Rank	Name	Author
order	Scleractinia	Bourne 1900
suborder	Caryophylliina	(Vaughan and Wells 1943)
family	Smilotrochidae	()
genus	Smilotrochus	Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Smilotrochus Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851

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†Smilotrochus besairiei Alloiteau 1958

†Smilotrochus carnarvonensis Jell et al. 2011

†Smilotrochus cenomanus Fromentel 1863

†Smilotrochus cornucopiae Duncan 1869

†Smilotrochus curtus Gabb 1869

†Smilotrochus elongatus Duncan 1870

†Smilotrochus galeriformis Kner 1848

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Invalid names: Smilotrochus hagenowi Milne-Edwards and Haime 1857 [synonym], Smilotrochus jakhmari Duncan 1880 [synonym], Smilotrochus nagorzanensis Siemiradzki 1927 [synonym]

†Smilotrochus hungaricus Kolosvary 1956

†Smilotrochus incurvus d'Achiardi 1866

†Smilotrochus milneri Gregory 1898

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Invalid names: Smilotrochus jacobi Alloiteau 1936 [synonym]

†Smilotrochus palmerae Wells 1933

†Smilotrochus ponderosus Nielsen 1922

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Invalid names: Smilotrochus grandis Siemiradzki 1927 [synonym]

†Smilotrochus tuberosus Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850

Invalid names: Ceratosmilia Alloiteau 1952 [synonym], Dungulia Oppenheim 1930 [synonym], Parasmiliopsis Alloiteau 1957 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragoniteo

Grouping:

colonialo

Clonal:

yeso

Environment:

marineo

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

intermediate-level epifaunalo

Diet:

microcarnivoreo

Diet 2:

photosymbiotico

Vision:

blindc

Reproduction:

alternatingo

Asexual:

yeso

Dispersal:

watero

Dispersal 2:

planktonico

Created:

2004-02-27 16:54:46

Modified:

2009-10-09 15:38:42

Source: o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Berriasian to the top of the Tortonian or 143.10000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (52 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Berriasian - Valanginian	143.1 - 132.6	China (Xizang)	S. sp. (74251)
Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian	125.77 - 119.57	Serbia	S. tuberosus (74794 74795)
Early/Lower Aptian	121.4 - 119.57	Greece	S. jacobi (34719)
Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian	119.57 - 110.1	Iran (Razavi-Chorasan)	S. sp. (83393)
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	Spain	S. sp. (56934)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	USA (New Mexico)	Parasmiliopsis cenomana (35099)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	USA (Texas)	Blagrovia palmerae (123265) S. sp. (123264)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Azerbaijan	S. elongatus (86759)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Turkmenistan (Krasnovodskaya Oblast)	S. elongatus (86760)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Madagascar (Antsiranana)	S. boulei (86509)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Czechia	Ceratosmilia arnaudi (35105 35114) S. compressus (35135 35137 35166)
Middle Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Germany	Ceratosmilia arnaudi (160830)
Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian	100.5 - 89.8	Kazakhstan	S. elongatus (86761)
Late/Upper Turonian	93.9 - 89.8	Austria (Styria)	S. jacobi (25481 25482)
Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	S. besairiei (86510)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Ukraine	S. grandis, S. galeriformis, S. nagorzanensis (87046)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Spain	S. palmerae, Protrochocyathus subarcuatus (67084)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Oman	S. jacobi (67455)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	Madagascar (Toliara)	S. jacobi (86519)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Australia (Western Australia)	S. carnarvonensis (123004)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Netherlands (Limburg)	S. hagenowi (85271)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Ukraine (Sumy)	S. galeriformis (86766) S. grandis (86703)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Russian Federation (Krasnodarskiy Kray)	S. excavatus (86768)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Ukraine	Coelosmilia galeriformis (87182) S. excavatus, S. galeriformis, S. ponderosus, S. grandis (77096)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Madagascar (Mahajanga)	Dungulia milneri, S. jacobi (86511)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Madagascar (Antsiranana)	Dungulia milneri (86516)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Kazakhstan	S. excavatus (86700)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Kazakhstan (Atyrau)	S. excavatus, S. ponderosus (86767) S. grandis (86702)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Libya	Dungulia milneri (87561 87600)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Ukraine (Luhanska)	S. excavatus, S. galeriformis, S. ponderosus (86762)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Denmark	S. faxensis (89866)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Egypt	Coelosmilia milneri (86950)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Pakistan (Sind)	S. jakhmari (11288)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.24	Egypt	Coelosmilia milneri (87000)
Selandian - Thanetian	61.66 - 56.0	Pakistan (Sind)	S. simplex (11289)
Middle Eocene	48.07 - 37.71	Italy	S. sp. (146598)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Hungary	S. hungaricus, S. incurvus (123836 123837)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	France	S. subcostatus (163836)
Burdigalian	20.45 - 15.98	Italy	S. tuberosus (70450)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Italy	S. macroseptus (70491)