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Octactinellida
Taxonomy
Octactinellida was named by Hinde (1887). It is not extant.
It was assigned to Heteractinida by Finks et al. (2004), Rigby et al. (2005), Rigby et al. (2008) and Senowbari-Daryan and Rigby (2015).
It was assigned to Heteractinida by Finks et al. (2004), Rigby et al. (2005), Rigby et al. (2008) and Senowbari-Daryan and Rigby (2015).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1887 | Octactinellida Hinde |
| 2004 | Octactinellida Finks et al. p. 562 |
| 2005 | Octactinellida Rigby et al. p. 533 |
| 2008 | Octactinellida Rigby et al. |
| 2015 | Octactinellida Senowbari-Daryan and Rigby p. 392 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. †Octactinellida Hinde 1887
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Fm. †Astraeospongiidae Miller 1889
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G. †Blumenbachium Koenig 1820
G. †Ensiferites Reimann 1945
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†Ensiferites armatus Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites bennetti Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites brandenburgi Rigby et al. 1979
†Ensiferites delicatulus Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites langeri Kozur et al. 2008
†Ensiferites leptodactylus Reimann 1945
†Ensiferites wattlesi Reimann 1945
G. †Kuraya Romenko 1968
G. †Magenia Finks 1995
Fm. Eiffeliidae Rigby 1986
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G. †Astraeoconus
G. †Eiffelia Walcott 1920
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†Eiffelia araniformis Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981
†Eiffelia globosa Walcott 1920
†Eiffelia hispanica Sdzuy 1969
Invalid names: Lenastella Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981 [synonym]
G. †Petaloptyon Raymond 1931
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†Petaloptyon danei Raymond 1931
Invalid names: Canistrumella Rigby 1986 [synonym]
G. †Toquimiella
Fm. †Nuchidae Pickett 2002
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Fm. †Wewokellidae King 1943
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G. †Asteractinella
G. †Regispongia Rigby 1978
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†Regispongia contorta King 1943
†Regispongia fluegeli Rigby et al. 2005
G. †Tholiasterella
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Branchian to the top of the Rhaetian or 517.10000 to 201.30000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 516.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 516.0 Ma
Collections (173 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tommotian - Atdabanian | Guinea | Eiffelia sp. (7790) | |
| Atdabanian | Kyrgyzstan | Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella aculeata, Lenastella mucronata (99329) Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella aculeata, Lenastella mucronata, Lenastella umbonata (99325 99326 99327 99328) | |
| Atdabanian | Kazakhstan | Lenastella araniformis (99357) Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella mucronata (99300 99301 99302 99303 99324) Lenastella mucronata (99316 99317 99318 99332 99333) | |
| Atdabanian | Australia (South Australia) | Eiffelia araniformis (10016 96931 96960 96966 97739 97741 97742 97744 97746 97747 97748 97749 97750 97767 97768 97769 97783) Jawonya tiro (81172) | |
| Nangaoian | China (Henan) | Eiffelia sp. (49532) | |
| Atdabanian - Botomian | Australia (Northern Territory) | Lenastella sp. (80921) | |
| Branchian | United Kingdom (England) | Lenastella sp. (79932) | |
| Botomian | Kazakhstan | Lenastella araniformis, Lenastella mucronata, Lenastella umbonata (99362) | |
| Botomian | Australia (South Australia) | Eiffelia araniformis (96932 96958 96959 96965 97751 97770 97771 97772 97773 97774 97775) | |
| Botomian | China (Shaanxi) | Eiffelia araniformis (199515 199516 199517 199534) | |
| Dyeran | Greenland | Eiffelia araniformis (49464) | |
| Dyeran | Greenland (Peary Land) | Eiffelia sp. (210618) | |
| Toyonian | Turkey (Konya) | Eiffelia araniformis (91535) | |
| Ordian | Australia (New South Wales) | Nucha naucum (197348) | |
| Delamaran | Jordan | Eiffelia araniformis (139932) | |
| Delamaran | Canada (British Columbia) | Eiffelia globosa (84423 84424 84425 84426 84427 84428 121963) Petaloptyon danei (84435 121958) Petaloptyon danei, Eiffelia globosa (121959 121962) Petaloptyon danei, Eiffelia globosa, Eiffelospongia hirsuta (121957) | |
| Ordian - Templetonian | Australia (Northern Territory) | Jawonya gurumal (122014) | |
| Ordian - Undillan | Australia (Queensland) | Canistrumella sp., Eiffelia sp. (122074) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Canada (Brithish Columbia) | Eiffelia sp. (188664) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Australia (Northern Territory) | Jawonya gurumal (60019 60027 60031 60032) Jawonya gurumal, Wagima galbanyin (60028 60030) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Spain (León) | Eiffelia sp. (216175 216182) | |
| Middle Cambrian | Italy (Iglesiente) | Eiffelia araniformis (139878) | |
| St Davids | Canada (British Columbia) | Eiffelia sp. (215) | |
| Furongian | Iran | Eiffelia hispanica (121298) | |
| Tremadoc | USA (Nevada) | Contignatiospongia nevadensis (90927) | |
| Whiterockian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Asteriospongia anatrope (27084) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | Argentina | Chilcaia sp. (8747 8748) | |
| Early/Lower Llanvirn | Argentina (San Juan) | Chilcaia bimuralis (119888) | |
| Llanvirn | United Kingdom (Wales) | Microastraeum tenuis (119434) | |
| Llandeilo | United Kingdom (Wales) | Eiffeliidae indet. (216511) | |
| Blackriveran - Trentonian | Canada (Nunavut) | Asteriospongia anatrope (120922) | |
| Edenian - Maysvillian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Asteriospongia anatrope (27086) | |
| Richmondian | Canada (Manitoba) | Constellatospongia pervia (120923) | |
| Ashgill | Canada (Yukon) | Nucha naucum (99659) | |
| Rhuddanian | USA (Illinois) | Astraeospongium sp. (26692) | |
| Llandovery | USA (Indiana) | Astraeospongium sp. (13291) | |
| Telychian - Sheinwoodian | USA (Iowa) | Astraeospongium sp. (26769) | |
| Telychian - Sheinwoodian | USA (Indiana) | Astraeospongium sp. (26798 26803) | |
| Sheinwoodian | USA (Indiana) | Astraeospongium sp. (26805) | |
| Wenlock | USA (Indiana) | Astraeospongium sp. (26700 26811) | |
| Wenlock | USA (Tennessee) | Astraeospongium sp. (26802) | |
| Wenlock | USA (New York) | Astraeospongia sp. (12936 13047) | |
| Wenlock - Ludlow | USA (Illinois) | Astraeospongium sp. (26816) | |
| Wenlock - Ludlow | USA (Tennessee) | Astraeospongium spp. (26817) | |
| Wenlock - Silurian | USA (Wisconsin) | Astraeospongium sp. (13021 13023 13024 13027 13028 13040 13041 13075) | |
| Ludlow | USA (Missouri) | Astraeospongium sp. (26821) | |
| Ludfordian | USA (Indiana) | Astraeospongia sp. (6706) | |
| Ludfordian - Pridoli | USA (Oklahoma) | Astraeospongium spp. (26824) | |
| Late/Upper Emsian | Canada (Nunavut) | Stellarispongia aspera (121048) | |
| Eifelian | Canada (Nunavut) | Malluviospongia densa (111783 111784) | |
| Eifelian | USA (New York) | Ensiferites armatus, Ensiferites bennetti, Ensiferites leptodactylus, Ensiferites wattlesi (111892) Ensiferites delicatulus, Ensiferites wattlesi (111893) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | Astraeospongia sp. (5767) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Canada (Manitoba) | Astraeospongia hamiltonensis (624) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) | Astraeospongium sp. (235975) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | Germany | Gondekia sp., Ensiferites langeri (227413) | |
| Givetian | Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) | Ensiferites langeri (120883) | |
| Givetian | USA (Illinois) | Astraeospongia sp. (76641) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | Astraeospongia sp. (10110 10119 96209 96210 96211) Gondekia lancifer (111704) | |
| Givetian | Canada (Ontario) | Gondekia hastula (111782) | |
| Famennian | USA (Arizona) | Ensiferites brandenburgi (111889 111890 111891) | |
| Brigantian | USA (Alabama) | Wewokella costata (28) | |
| Chesterian | USA (Utah) | Regispongia contorta (120994 120995 120996) | |
| Arnsbergian | USA (Utah) | Wewokella solida (90976 90978) Wewokella solida, Talpaspongia clavata (41204) Wewokella solida, Talpaspongia clavata, Wewokella contorta (90975 90977) | |
| Pennsylvanian | USA (Utah) | Talpaspongia clavata (12780) | |
| Atokan - Desmoinesian | USA (Colorado) | Wewokella solida (121000) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Oklahoma) | Wewokella solida (120997) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Texas) | Regispongia sp. (216619) | |
| Desmoinesian | USA (Illinois) | Zangerlispongia richardsoni (120999) | |
| Virgilian | USA (Texas) | Wewokella contorta (217891 217893 217894 217901 217906 217908 217929 217958 217960 217977 217979 217986 218002) | |
| Sakmarian | USA (New Mexico) | Wewokella sp. (39154) | |
| Kungurian | China (Guangxi) | Talpaspongia clavata (107305) | |
| Kungurian | Venezuela (Merida) | Wewokella solida (41516) | |
| Capitanian | Iran | Iranospongia circulata, Regispongia fluegeli (58096) | |
| Rhaetian | Canada (British Columbia) | Nucha vancouverensis (45379) |