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Galeorhinus (school shark)
Taxonomy
Galeorhinus was named by de Blainville and Prévost (1816). It is extant. Its type is Squalus galeus. It is the type genus of Galeorhinidae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Galeus by Jordan (1907).
It was assigned to Galeorhininae by Hay (1902); to Galeorhinidae by Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Jordan and Gilbert (1919); to Galeidae by Jordan (1963); to Carcharhinidae by Casier (1958), Cassier (1966), Case (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Galeorhinini by Noubhani and Cappetta (1997), Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Popov et al. (2025); and to Triakidae by Long and Stilwell (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Rana et al. (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Marramà et al. (2018), Marramà et al. (2018), Hoganson et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was synonymized subjectively with Galeus by Jordan (1907).
It was assigned to Galeorhininae by Hay (1902); to Galeorhinidae by Jordan and Gilbert (1919), Jordan and Gilbert (1919); to Galeidae by Jordan (1963); to Carcharhinidae by Casier (1958), Cassier (1966), Case (1981), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Kumar and Loyal (1987); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Galeorhinini by Noubhani and Cappetta (1997), Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Popov et al. (2025); and to Triakidae by Long and Stilwell (2000), Purdy et al. (2001), Rana et al. (2006), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Marramà et al. (2018), Marramà et al. (2018), Hoganson et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2024), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1816 | Galeorhinus de Blainville and Prévost p. 248 |
| 1864 | Eugaleus Gill |
| 1902 | Galeorhinus Hay p. 312 |
| 1919 | Galeorhinus Jordan and Gilbert p. 21 |
| 1926 | Eugaleus White p. 26 |
| 1938 | Eugaleus Weiler p. 8 |
| 1946 | Eugaleus Casier p. 83 |
| 1958 | Galeorhinus Casier p. 20 |
| 1963 | Eugaleus Jordan p. 599 |
| 1963 | Galeorhinus Jordan p. 599 |
| 1966 | Galeorhinus Cassier p. 86 |
| 1981 | Galeorhinus Case p. 65 |
| 1981 | Galeorhinus Thurmond and Jones p. 67 |
| 1987 | Galeorhinus Kumar and Loyal p. 66 |
| 1997 | Galeorhinus Noubhani and Cappetta p. 79 |
| 1998 | Galeorhinus Yabe and Hirayama p. 47 |
| 2000 | Galeorhinus Long and Stilwell p. 350 |
| 2001 | Galeorhinus Purdy et al. p. 139 |
| 2002 | Geleorhinus Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Galeorhinus Rana et al. p. 512 |
| 2009 | Galeorhinus Cicimurri and Knight p. 635 |
| 2015 | Galeorhinus Reinecke and Radwanski p. 11 |
| 2018 | Galeorhinus Marramà et al. p. 287 |
| 2018 | Galeorhinus Marramà et al. p. 287 |
| 2019 | Galeorhinus Ebersole et al. p. 61 |
| 2019 | Galeorhinus Hoganson et al. p. 30 |
| 2024 | Galeorhinus Ebersole et al. p. 7 |
| 2025 | Galeorhinus Cicimurri et al. p. 34 |
| 2025 | Galeorhinus Popov et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Galeorhinus de Blainville and Prévost 1816 [school shark]
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†Galeorhinus cuvieri Agassiz 1835
†Galeorhinus duchaussoisi Adnet and Cappetta 2008
†Galeorhinus falconeri White 1956
†Galeorhinus galeus Linnaeus 1758
†Galeorhinus girardoti Herman 1977
†Galeorhinus goncalvesi Antunes et al. 1999
†Galeorhinus hannibali Jordan and Beal 1910
†Galeorhinus huberensis Case 1981
†Galeorhinus loangoensis Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Galeorhinus louisi Adnet and Cappetta 2008
†Galeorhinus mesetaensis Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Galeorhinus minor Agassiz 1835
†Galeorhinus minutissimus Arambourg 1935
†Galeorhinus parvulus Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Galeorhinus pulchellus Jonet 1966
†Galeorhinus ypresiensis Casier 1946
Invalid names: Eugaleus Gill 1864 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Santonian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 85.70000 to 0.01400 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 83.6 Ma
Collections (133 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Santonian | Israel | Galeorhinus sp. (214861) | |
| Santonian | France | Galeorhinus girardoti (242207) | |
| Campanian | Belgium | Galeorhinus girardoti (241965) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Germany | Synechodus nerviensis (241700) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Götaland) | Galeorhinus sp. (102886) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden (Skåne) | Galeorhinus sp. (74334 102883) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Belgium | Galeorhinus girardoti (241906) | |
| Middle Campanian | France | Galeorhinus girardoti (61352 61353) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | Galeorhinus sp. (128412) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium | Galeorhinus girardoti (241989 242085) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | Galeorhinus girardoti (61738) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Galeorhinus girardoti (90926) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Belgium (Limburg) | Galeorhinus girardoti (241927) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | Galeorhinus girardoti (179290 213582 213583 213584 213587 213589) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Arkansas) | Galeorhinus girardoti (242204) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Maryland) | Galeorhinus giradoti (83331) | |
| Danian | Morocco | Galeorhinus mesetaensis (214372) | |
| Selandian | Angola (Cabinda) | Galeorhinus parvulus (242334) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | Morocco | Galeorhinus mesetaensis (214839 214848) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Mississippi) | Galeorhinus minor, Galeorhinus ypresiensis (62872) | |
| Thanetian | Morocco | Galeorhinus mesetaensis (214833) | |
| Thanetian | Togo | Galeorhinus mesetaensis (241258) Galeorhinus sp., Galeorhinus mesetaensis (61561) | |
| Wasatchian | Mexico (Baja California) | Galeorhinus sp. (15671) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Galeorhinus ypresiensis (15595) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | India | Galeorhinus sp. (210158) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | Galeorhinus affini, Galeorhinus minor (62890) | |
| Ypresian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Galeorhinus sp. (31267) | |
| Ypresian | Italy (Verona) | Galeorhinus cuvieri (219837) | |
| Ypresian | Morocco | Galeorhinus minutissimus (116904 158991 214840 214846 214847 214849 214850 214851) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica | Galeorhinus sp. (100414) | |
| Ypresian | India (Gujarat) | Galeorhinus sp. (71438) | |
| Ypresian | Italy | Galeus cuvieri (55239) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Galeorhinus minor (13299) Galeorhinus sp., Galeorhinus minor (8050) Galeorhinus ypresiensis (3260) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Galeorhinus duchaussoisi (81179 209524) | |
| Lutetian | USA (California) | Galeorhinus sp. (16712) | |
| Lutetian | Togo | Galeorhinus sp. (32991) | |
| Lutetian | Russian Federation | Galeorhinus duchaussoisi (234684) | |
| Lutetian | Nigeria | Eugaleus falconeri (187560) Galeorhinus falconeri (77257) | |
| Lutetian | Belgium | Eugaleus sp. (242333) | |
| Lutetian | Jordan | Galeorhinus sp. (65226) | |
| Lutetian | Ukraine | Galeorhinus sp., Galeorhinus ypresiensis (211009) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Galeorhinus duchaussoisi, Galeorhinus louisi (209522) Galeorhinus sp. (13346) | |
| Lutetian | Barbados | Galeorhinus minor (221168) | |
| Lutetian | Angola (Cabinda) | Galeorhinus loangoensis (83988 242405) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Galeorhinus minor, Galeorhinus ypresiensis (41888) Galeorhinus ypresiensis (41989 41994 41996 41998) Galeorhinus ypresiensis, Galeorhinus minutissimus (41992) | |
| Lutetian | Ukraine (Luhansk) | Galeorhinus sp., Galeorhinus ypresiensis (120885) | |
| Middle Eocene | Uzbekistan | Galeorhinus sp. (45701 62573) | |
| Middle Eocene | Ukraine (Crimea) | Galeorhinus sp., Galeorhinus ypresiensis (140018) | |
| Bartonian | India (Gujarat) | Galeorhinus sp. (48074) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | Galeorhinus huberensis (3534) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | Galeorhinus huberensis (61249) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Galeorhinus duchaussoisi (176944) Galeorhinus falconeri (83251) Galeorhinus ypresiensis (209520) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Antarctica | Galeorhinus sp. (43030) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Georgia) | Galeorhinus galeus, Galeorhinus huberensis (73434) | |
| Priabonian | Western Sahara | Galeorhinus sp. (96686 96688) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | Galeorhinus huberensis (55251 75638) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Alabama) | Galeorhinus falconeri (45637) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Arkansas) | Galeorhinus sp. (16549) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Japan (Fukuoka) | Galeorhinus sp. (161440) | |
| Rupelian | Netherlands | Galeorhinus latus (87249 87250) | |
| Rupelian | Netherlands (Winterswijik) | Galeorhinus latus (87248) | |
| Rupelian | Hungary | Eugaleus latus (124377) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Alabama) | Galeorhinus sp. (235364) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | Galeorhinus latus (11601) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Galeorhinus sp. (97550) | |
| Chattian | USA (Mississippi) | Galeorhinus sp. (133111) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (North Carolina) | Galeorhinus latus, Galeorhinus galeus (71660) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | Chile | Galeorhinus sp. (102183) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany (Bavaria) | Paragaleus pulchellus (210593) | |
| Burdigalian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Galeorhinus sp. (37238) | |
| Langhian | France (Touraine) | Paragaleus pulchellus (161611) | |
| Langhian | France (Loupian) | Paragaleus pulchellus (161623) | |
| Langhian | Netherlands | Galeorhinus sp. (45505) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | Eugaleus sp. (59059) | |
| Langhian | Portugal (Penedo) | Paragaleus pulchellus (161620) | |
| Middle Miocene | India (Orissa) | Galeorhinus parvulus (46365) | |
| Badenian | Poland | Galeorhinus goncalvesi (162017) | |
| Badenian | Czechia (Mikulov) | Paragaleus pulchellus (161993) | |
| Serravallian | France | Galeorhinus galeus, Paragaleus pulchellus (85338) | |
| Serravallian | France (Gironde) | Galeorhinus galeus, Paragaleus pulchellus (161524) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Malta (Ras ii-Karraba) | Galeorhinus goncalvesi (161384) | |
| Tortonian | Panama (Colon) | Galeorhinus galeus (160781) | |
| Tortonian | Poland | Eugaleus latus (121515) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Netherlands (Noord-Brabant) | Galeorhinus sp. (162679) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | South Africa | Galeorhinus sp. (22219) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Chile (Antwerpen) | Galeorhinus galeus (154114) | |
| Messinian | Japan (Chiba) | Galeorhinus sp. (202927) | |
| Messinian | Portugal | Galeorhinus goncalvesi (91423) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Japan (Chiba) | Galeorhinus sp. (70006) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Australia (South Australia) | Galeorhinus australis (50343) | |
| MN 13 | Portugal | Galeorhinus goncalvesi (65954) | |
| MN 13 | Portugal (Alvalade) | Galeorhinus goncalvesi (65955) | |
| Zanclean | Chile (Antofagasta Region) | Galeorhinus sp. (241742) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | Galeorhinus hannibali (186032) | |
| Piacenzian | Peru | Galeorhinus sp. (219058) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Galeorhinus zyopterus (219849) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Galeorhinus zopterus (85314) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Galeorhinus galeus (190889) Galeorhinus zyopterus (59063) |