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Taxonomy
Lycalopex was named by Burmeister (1854). It is extant.
It was reranked as Canis (Lycalopex) by van Gelder (1978).
It was assigned to Canini by Burmeister (1854); to Canis by van Gelder (1978); to Canidae by Bourguignat (1875), Cabrera (1931), Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Cerdocyonina by Tedford et al. (2009); and to Caninae by Ramirez and Prevosti (2014).
It was reranked as Canis (Lycalopex) by van Gelder (1978).
It was assigned to Canini by Burmeister (1854); to Canis by van Gelder (1978); to Canidae by Bourguignat (1875), Cabrera (1931), Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Cerdocyonina by Tedford et al. (2009); and to Caninae by Ramirez and Prevosti (2014).
Species
L. culpaeus, L. ensenadensis, L. fulvipes, L. griseus, L. gymnocercus, L. sechurae, L. vetulus (syn. Eunothocyon sladeni, Pseudalopex vetulus, Canis urostictus, Canis fulvicaudus, Canis parvidens), Pseudalopex culpaeus (syn. Angusticeps reissii, Canis magellanicus, Pseudalopex smithersi, Speothos riveti, Canis albigula, Canis amblyodon, Pseudalopex lycoides, Dusicyon culpaeus, Cerdocyon prichardi), Pseudalopex gracilis (syn. Canis domeykoanus, Canis patagonicus, Canis trichodactylus, Canis rufipes, Canis torquatus, Canis maullinicus, Pseudalopex zorrula), Pseudalopex griseus, Pseudalopex gymnocercus (syn. Vulpes azarae, Canis brasiliensis, Dusicyon gymnocercus, Canis protalopex, Pseudalopex azarica), Pseudalopex sechurae (syn. Dusicyon sechurae)
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1854 | Lycalopex Burmeister |
| 1856 | Pseudalopex Burmeister |
| 1875 | Lycalopex Bourguignat |
| 1875 | Pseudalopex Bourguignat |
| 1895 | Canis (Pseudalopex) Allen p. 188 |
| 1903 | Pseudolycos Philippi |
| 1905 | Eunothocyon Allen |
| 1906 | Angusticeps Hilzheimer |
| 1906 | Viverriceps Hilzheimer |
| 1906 | Microcyon Trouessart |
| 1931 | Lycalopex Cabrera |
| 1931 | Pseudalopex Cabrera |
| 1978 | Canis (Lycalopex) van Gelder |
| 1978 | Canis (Pseudalopex) van Gelder |
| 2005 | Lycalopex Wilson and Reeder |
| 2008 | Pseudalopex Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Lycalopex Tedford et al. |
| 2014 | Lycalopex Ramirez and Prevosti |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Lycalopex Burmeister 1854 [South American fox]
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Lycalopex culpaeus Molina 1782 [culpeo]
†Lycalopex ensenadensis Ameghino 1888
Lycalopex fulvipes Martin 1837 [Darwin's fox]
Lycalopex griseus Gray 1837 [South American gray fox]
Lycalopex gymnocercus Fischer 1814 [pampas fox]
Lycalopex sechurae Thomas 1900 [Sechuran fox]
Lycalopex vetulus Lund 1842 [Hoary fox]
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Invalid names: Canis fulvicaudus Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis parvidens Mivart 1890 [synonym], Canis urostictus Mivart 1890 [synonym], Eunothocyon sladeni Thomas 1904 [synonym], Pseudalopex vetulus Lund 1842 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eunothocyon Allen 1905 [synonym], Pseudalopex Burmeister 1856 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 23.04000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 5.333 Ma
Collections (34 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miocene | Brazil (Mato Grosso) | Nothocyon urostictus, Nothocyon parvidens (230865) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Pseudalopex sp. (199157) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Bolivia (Tarija ) | Pseudalopex gymnocercus (70673) | |
| Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Lycalopex sp. (232457) | |
| Pleistocene (interglacial) | Ecuador (Chimborazo) | Dusicyon culpaeus (133644) | |
| Pleistocene | Peru (Ayacucho) | Pseudalopex sp. (146602) | |
| Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Minas Gerais) | Canis urostictus, Canis parvidens (140474) | |
| Ensenadan | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Canis ensenadensis (140653) Pseudalopex propiatensis (199170) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Dusicyon gymnocercus (207679) Pseudalopex sp. (63335) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Bolivia (Chuquisaca) | Pseudalopex sp. (70704) | |
| Lujanian | Peru (Piura) | Pseudalopex sp. (145500) | |
| Lujanian | Uruguay | Lycalopex gymnocercus (71325) | |
| Lujanian | Peru (La Libertad) | Pseudalopex sp. (145505) | |
| Lujanian | Uruguay (Colonia) | Lycalopex gymnocercus (226121) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Entre Ríos) | Pseudalopex gymnocercus (203955) | |
| Lujanian | Peru (Puno) | Lycalopex culpaeus (145248) | |
| Lujanian (interglacial) | Uruguay (Salto) | Lycalopex gymnoceras (140159) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Lycalopex ensenadensis (230885) Pseudalopex gymnocercus (71286) Pseudalopex gymnocercus, Pseudalopex griseus (71303) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Chile (O'Higgins) | Canidae indet. (71280) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Dusicyon gymnocercus (93265) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Argentina (Tierra del Fuego ) | Lycalopex culpaeus (213009) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ecuador (Santa Elena) | Dusicyon sechurae (133630) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru | Lycalopex sp. (212474 212475) Pseudalopex sp. (71346) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Chile | Pseudalopex sp., Lycalopex culpaeus, Lycalopex griseus (71342) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Chile (Última Esperanza) | Lycalopex culpaeus (213007) | |
| Holocene | Argentina (La Pampa) | Lycalopex gymnocercus (212470) | |
| Holocene | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Pseudalopex gymnocercus (63338) | |
| Holocene | Chile (Magallanes) | Lycalopex culpaeus, Lycalopex griseus (230881) |