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Desmostyloidea

Osteichthyes - Perissodactyla

Taxonomy
Desmostyloidea was named by Abel (1933).

It was considered a nomen oblitum by Domning (1996).

It was assigned to Multituberculata by Abel (1933); and to Desmostylia by Matsui and Tsuihiji (2019), Matsui and Pyenson (2023), Asai et al. (2025).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1933Desmostyloidea Abel p. 875
2019Desmostyloidea Matsui and Tsuihiji p. 10
2023Desmostyloidea Matsui and Pyenson p. 4
2025Desmostyloidea Asai et al. p. 6

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
orderDesmostylia
orderDesmostyloideaAbel 1933
orderDesmostyloideaAbel 1933

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Desmostyloidea Abel 1933
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Fm. †Desmostylidae Osborn 1905
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G. †Ashoroa Inuzuka 2000
+
†Ashoroa laticosta Inuzuka 2000
G. †Cornwallius Hay 1923
+
†Cornwallius sookensis Cornwall 1922
G. †Desmostylus Marsh 1888
+
†Desmostylus hesperus Marsh 1888
+
Invalid names: Desmostylella typica Nagao 1937 [synonym], Desmostylus californicus Hay 1923 [synonym], Desmostylus cymatias Hannibal 1922 [synonym], Desmostylus minor Nagao 1937 [synonym], Desmostylus mirabilis Nagao 1935 [synonym], Desmostylus watasei Hay 1915 [synonym]
†Desmostylus japonicus Tokunaga and Iwasaki 1914
Invalid names: Desmostylella Nagao 1937 [synonym]
G. †Ounalashkastylus Chiba et al. 2016
+
†Ounalashkastylus tomidai Chiba et al. 2016
G. †Vanderhoofius Reinhart 1959
+
†Vanderhoofius coalingensis Reinhart 1959
Fm. †Paleoparadoxiidae Reinhart 1959
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G. †Archaeoparadoxia Barnes 2013
+
G. †Neoparadoxia Barnes 2013
+
†Neoparadoxia cecilialina Barnes 2013
†Neoparadoxia repenningi Domning and Barnes 2007
G. †Paleoparadoxia Reinhart 1959
+
†Paleoparadoxia media Inuzuka 2005
†Paleoparadoxia tabatai Tokunaga 1939
Invalid names: Behemotopsinae Inuzuka 1987 [empty], Paleoparadoxiinae Reinhart 1959 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
K. Matsui and T. Tsuihiji 2019The clade consisting of Paleoparadoxiinae + Desmostylidae was supported by the absence of the p3 paraconid (c. 12(1)), fused double roots of p3 and p4 (c. 14(2)), swollen and appressed molar cusps (c. 17(1)), enlarged P4-M3 hypoconulid and entoconid (c. 18(1)) and having osteosclerosis bones of vertebrae (centrum) (c. 75(1)).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Ontogeny: modification of partso
Environment: coastalo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: amphibiouso
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2005-09-11 17:03:02
Modified: 2019-05-28 17:19:55
Source: o = order
Reference: Domning et al. 1986

Age range: base of the Arikareean to the top of the Tortonian or 29.50000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (165 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Washington) Desmostylidae indet. (58961)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus japonicus (91510 91512)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5Mexico (Baja California Sur) Cornwallius sookensis (90463)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus (59072)
Arikareean - Hemingfordian29.5 - 16.3USA (Oregon) Desmostylus hesperus (90464)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Canada (British Columbia) Cornwallius sookensis (91214) Desmostylus hesperus (63086) Desmostylus sookensis (63087)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Mexico (Baja California Sur) Cornwallius sookensis (66429) Cornwallius sp. (66427 66428)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Japan (Hokkaido) Ashoroa laticosta (58896)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04USA (Oregon) Cornwallius sookensis (45782 45788) Paleoparadoxiidae indet. (202148)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04USA (Alaska) Cornwallius sookensis (91213)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04USA (Oregon) Cornwallius sookensis (91211)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45USA (Alaska) Cornwallius sp. (67659)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45Japan (Hokkaido) Paleoparadoxia sp. (171611 184791)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45USA (Washington) Desmostylidae indet. (45481)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45USA (California) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia weltoni, Desmostylus hesperus (58899)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Gihu) Mammalia indet. (91500)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Russian Federation (Sakhalin) Desmostylus japonicus (91503 91504 91505) Desmostylus minor (91506)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus japonicus (91509)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Fukushima) Desmostylus japonicus (91522) Desmostylus sp. (28589)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Japan (Miyagi) Desmostylus japonicus (91519)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Japan (Akita) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (186479)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Japan (Teshio) Desmostylus japonicus (151921)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Japan (Shimane) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (186477)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Russian Federation (Sakhalin) Desmostylus japonicus (91501) Desmostylus sp. (124918)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Japan (Toyama) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91475)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus (91478 91480 91481 91486 91543 234513) Desmostylus sp. (91485)
Neogene23.04 - 2.58Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus minor (101825)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Okayama) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (76044)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus japonicus (91507)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98USA (Oregon) Desmostylus cymatias (107680) Desmostylus hesperus, Desmostylus cymatias (60339) Desmostylus sp. (18929)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Saitama) Paleoparadoxia sp. (91601)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Japan (Gifu) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91465) Paleoparadoxiidae indet. (227082)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.45 - 13.82USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus (159670) Paleoparadoxia sp., Desmostylus hesperus (52180)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.45 - 13.82Japan (Saitama) Paleoparadoxia sp. (133498) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (56956)
Hemingfordian18.5 - 16.3USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus (59073)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus (91533 91534 91538 91539 91540 91541 91545) Desmostylus sp. (59074) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (19460)
Langhian - Burdigalian15.98 - 15.98Japan (Aomori) Paleoparadoxia sp. (171802)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Satiama Prevecture) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia tabatai (55826)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Fukui) Paleoparadoxia sp. (89036)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Satiyama) Paleoparadoxia sp. (171617)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Kushiro Subprefecture) Paleoparadoxia sp., Neoparadoxia sp. (241741)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Miyagi) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (171612)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp. (55652)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus, Desmostylus japonicus (13297) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (59059)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Toyama) Desmostylus japonicus (118942)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Mexico (Baja California) Desmostylus sp., Desmostylus hesperus, Paleoparadoxidae indet. (52183)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Okayama) Paleoparadoxia media (171034)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Ishikawa) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (91470)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Fukushima) Paleoparadoxia sp. (96896) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (75740)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Saitama) Cornwallius sp. (171618) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (54183)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan Paleoparadoxia sp. (171613 171614 171621) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (93790 171620)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Gunma) Paleoparadoxia sp. (70548) Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia tabatai, Desmostylus japonicus (75729)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Japan (Iwate) Desmostylus sp. (172170)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63Russian Federation (Kamchatka) Desmostylus hesperus (59165)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63USA (California) Desmostylus sp. (121152 225314) Desmostylus sp., Neoparadoxia cecillialina, Neoparadoxia cecilialina (151009) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp. (46069) Paleoparadoxia sp., Desmostylus hesperus (71072)
Langhian - Serravallian15.98 - 11.63Mexico (Baja California Sur) Desmostylus hesperus (13450)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Nagano) Desmostylus hesperus (75730)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Shimane) Desmostylus sp. (13068 102978)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Iwate) Desmostylus japonicus (91517 91518) Desmostylus japonicus, Desmostylella typica (46041) Desmostylus sp. (186478)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Russian Federation (Sakhalinskaya) Desmostylus mirabilis (70452)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Ishikawa) Desmostylus japonicus (91524) Paleoparadoxia sp. (118412)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus japonicus (91508 91511 91513 91514 91515 91516) Desmostylus sp. (55921)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63USA (California) Desmostylia indet. (65985) Desmostylus hesperus (91479 91484 159600 159665 159666 159667 159668 159669 159671 159672) Paleoparadoxia sp. (65986) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (38027) Vanderhoofius coalingensis (40518)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan Dugong sp. (65168)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Russian Federation Desmostylus hesperus (118952)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Fukushima) Desmostylus sp. (186476)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Hokuriku) Paleoparadoxia sp. (161492 161494)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Japan (Akita) Desmostylus japonicus (91521)
Langhian - Tortonian15.98 - 7.246Mexico (Baja California Sur) Paleoparadoxia sp. (57778)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.98 - 5.333Japan Paleoparadoxia tabatai (40519)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63USA (California) Paleoparadoxia sp., Paleoparadoxia repenningi (75060)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Mexico (Baja California) Desmostylus sp. (57777)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus sp. (72262)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246USA (California) Desmostylus hesperus (13093 40517 159596 159597 159598 159599 159673) Desmostylus sp. (176780)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Desmostylus sp., Desmostylus hesperus, Paleoparadoxia sp. (46070) Desmostylus sp., Paleoparadoxia sp. (40514) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (46071)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Japan (Gunma) Paleoparadoxia sp. (200052)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Japan (Ishikawa) Desmostylus japonicus (53883 91525)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Japan (Toyama) Desmostylus japonicus (91523 91526)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Japan (Hokkaido) Desmostylus sp. (91625)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333USA (California) Desmostylus sp. (162458)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Japan Desmostylus japonicus (51999 52000 52001) Paleoparadoxia tabatai (185111)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Russian Federation (Sakhalin) Desmostylus japonicus (91502)