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Parasmilinae

Anthozoa - Scleractinia - Caryophylliidae

Taxonomy
Parasmilinae was named by Vaughan and Wells (1943). It is extant.

It was assigned to Caryophylliidae by Wells (1956).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1943Parasmilinae Vaughan and Wells
1956Parasmilinae Wells p. F428

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
phylumCnidariaHatschek 1888
classAnthozoaEhrenberg 1834
—Hexacorallia()
orderScleractiniaBourne 1900
RankNameAuthor
suborderCaryophylliina(Vaughan and Wells 1943)
superfamilyCaryophylliicaeGray 1847
familyCaryophylliidaeGray 1847
subfamilyParasmilinaeVaughan and Wells 1943
subfamilyParasmilinaeVaughan and Wells 1943

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Parasmilinae Vaughan and Wells 1943
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G. †Faksephyllia Floris 1972
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G. Parasmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
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†Parasmilia altavillensis Defrance 1817
†Parasmilia aptiensis Pictet and Renevier 1858
†Parasmilia austinensis Roemer 1888
†Parasmilia bullardi Wells 1932
†Parasmilia centralis Mantell 1822
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Invalid names: Parasmilia cylindracea de Fromentel 1863 [synonym], Parasmilia granulata Duncan 1869 [synonym], Parasmilia helenae Rozkowska 1955 [synonym]
†Parasmilia crnikalensis Kolosvary 1966
†Parasmilia cyensis Jell et al. 2011
†Parasmilia cylindrica Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850
†Parasmilia elliptica Siemiradzki 1927
†Parasmilia elongata Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848
†Parasmilia fittoni Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851
†Parasmilia flindersensis Dennant 1904
†Parasmilia hermani Dennant 1902
†Parasmilia jusani Chevalier 1956
†Parasmilia leganyii Kolosvary 1956
†Parasmilia lindstroemi Hennig 1899
†Parasmilia lucens Dennant 1904
†Parasmilia ludoviciana Vaughan 1900
†Parasmilia montaldoensis Chevalier 1961
†Parasmilia taurinensis Chevalier 1961
Invalid names: Cylicosmilia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1848 [synonym], Plesiocaryophyllia Alloiteau 1960 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: aragonitef
Grouping: solitaryf
Clonal: yesf
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesf
Life habit: low-level epifaunalf
Diet: microcarnivoref
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: alternatingo
Asexual: yeso
Dispersal: watero
Dispersal 2: planktonico
Created: 2007-11-30 02:22:59
Modified: 2009-10-10 09:38:53
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Tithonian to the top of the Tortonian or 149.20000 to 7.24600 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 145.06 Ma

Collections (83 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Tithonian149.2 - 145.06Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Parasmilia jurassica (23904)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 119.57Switzerland Parasmilia aptiensis (2232)
Aptian121.4 - 113.2Switzerland Parasmilia aptiensis (76998)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1USA (Texas) Parasmilia bullardi (74764)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1Egypt Parasmilia sp. 2 (98325)
Middle Albian110.1 - 106.3USA (Texas) Parasmilia austinensis (123293 123294 123295 123308 123340) Parasmilia sp. (82869)
Late/Upper Albian106.3 - 100.5Egypt Parasmilia sp. 1, Parasmilia sp. 2 (98327)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) Parasmilia graysonensis (123286)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Egypt Parasmilia sp. (161582)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8Bulgaria Parasmilia centralis (67563)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8Ukraine Parasmilia centralis (77092)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8Germany Parasmilia guillieri, Parasmilia centralis (74196)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8Ukraine (Khar'kov) Parasmilia centralis (77091)
Late/Upper Turonian93.9 - 89.8Russian Federation (Bryanskaya Oblast) Parasmilia centralis (86771)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Bulgaria Parasmilia centralis (67565)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Ukraine (Luhanska) Parasmilia centralis (86770)
Coniacian89.8 - 85.7Madagascar (Mahajanga) Parasmilia sp. (86510)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Poland Parasmilia compressa, Parasmilia fittoni (87052)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6Ukraine (Lvivska) Parasmilia elliptica (87051)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Ukraine Parasmilia fittoni (77093)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Germany Parasmilia multicostata (74484 74485)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Turkmenistan Parasmilia cylindrica (86775)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Sweden (Skane) Parasmilia centralis (123002)
Early/Lower Campanian83.6 - 72.2Kazakhstan Parasmilia centralis (86773)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Germany Parasmilia centralis (64127 64153 64179)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Turkmenistan Parasmilia centralis (86772)
Late/Upper Campanian83.6 - 72.2Ukraine Parasmilia biseriata (77095)
Campanian - Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0India (Jammu and Kashmir) Parasmilia sp. (87602)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.6 - 66.0Ukraine Parasmilia fittoni (86776)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Ukraine Parasmilia biseriata (86755)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Australia (Western Australia) Parasmilia cyensis (123004)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Denmark Parasmilia cylindrica (67343)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Russian Federation (Krasnodarskiy Kray) Parasmilia cylindrica (86774)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Libya Caryosmilia granosa (87600) Parasmilia cylindracea (87599) Parasmilia granulata (87561)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Senegal (Popenguine) Parasmilia sp. (76719)
Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0Kazakhstan Parasmilia biseriata, Parasmilia elliptica (86700)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Poland Parasmilia helenae (87245)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Kazakhstan Faksephyllia faxoensis, Parasmilia helenae (86752)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Azerbaijan Faksephyllia faxoensis (86777)
Danian66.0 - 61.66France Parasmilia lindstroemi (76889)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Denmark Faksephyllia faxoensis (34629 226849 226863 226864)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Ukraine (Krym) Parasmilia helenae (77071)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Sweden (Skane) Parasmilia sp. (123003)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Greenland Faksephyllia faxoensis (69605 69607) Parasmilia sp., Faksephyllia faxoensis (69604)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Austria (Niederösterreich) Parasmilia danica (87001)
Danian66.0 - 61.66Egypt Parasmilia sp. (87218)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Iran (Yazd) Faksephyllia faxoensis (233246)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan) Faksephyllia faxoensis (233244)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Iran (South central Iran) Faksephyllia faxoensis (233247)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Iran (Nehbandan) Faksephyllia faxoensis (233245)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Greenland Faksephyllia faxoensis (69608)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Slovenia Cylicosmilia crnikalensis (71666)
Lutetian - Bartonian48.07 - 37.71France (Loire-Atlantique) Parasmilia altavillensis (122893 122899 122901)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Italy Parasmilia exarata (146612) Parasmilia sp., Parasmilia exarata (146598)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Poland Parasmilia sp. (49750)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Hungary Cylicosmilia sp. (123905) Parasmilia sp., Parasmilia acuticristata, Cylicosmilia leganyii, Cylicosmilia altavillensis (123836)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9Australia (Victoria) Parasmilia hermani, Parasmilia lucens (122437)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Louisiana) Parasmilia ludoviciana (88144)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Italy (Veneto) Parasmilia crassicostata (91634)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3France (Aquitaine) Parasmilia jusani (92231)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Parasmilia flindersensis (122543)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Italy Parasmilia taurinensis (70450)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Italy Parasmilia montaldoensis (70491 70496)