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Pitar

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae

Taxonomy
Pitar was named by Römer (1857) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 1112]. It is extant. Its type is Cytherea tumens.

It was reranked as Cytherea (Pitar) by Vredenburg (1928); it was reranked as Meretrix (Pitar) by Skwarko (1994).

It was assigned to Cytherea by Vredenburg (1928); to Meretrix by Skwarko (1994); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Pitarinae by Stenzel et al. (1957), Natori (1964), da Silva Forti (1969), Moore (1976), Adegoke (1977), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Perrilliat (1992), Pacaud and Le Renard (1995), Matsubara et al. (2010) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Veneridae by Mukerjee (1939), Durham (1944), Uozumi (1955), Rivera (1957), Marasti (1973), Wozny (1977), Zinsmeister (1983), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1988), Squires and Demetrion (1992), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992), Squires (1999), Todd (2001) and Morales-Ortega et al. (2016).

Species
Cytherea (Caryatis) pratti, Meretrix (Pitar) dalikiensis, Meretrix (Pitar) elliptica, P. (Calpitaria), P. (Chionella), P. (Cordiopsis), P. (Costellipitar), P. (Hyphantosoma), P. (Lamelliconcha), P. (Meisenia), P. (Nanopitar), P. (Omnivenus), P. (Paradione), P. (Pitar), P. (Pitar) nuttali, P. (Pitarenus), P. (Pitarina), P. addicotti, P. albidus, P. barbarensis, P. baylii, P. cedroensis, P. colchaguana, P. cordatus, P. diabloensis, P. hataii, P. kotoi, P. mancorensis, P. morrhuanus (syn. Cytherea sayana), P. murphyi, P. ozakii, P. palmeri, P. parisiensis, P. petropolitanus, P. porrecta, P. quadratus, P. rostratus, P. salanga, P. sciaena, P. securiformis, P. simpsoni, P. sorachiensis, P. stocki, P. subarestus, P. transversus, P. uvasana (syn. Meretrix tejonensis), P. vancouverensis, P. vulnerata
Species lacking formal opinion data
P. aldrichi, P. californiana, P. cosanguineus, P. kavranensis, P. matheroni, P. megacostata, P. nuttalliopsis, P. obliquata, P. poulsoni, P. protena, P. ripleyanus, P. sciena, P. sculpturata, P. semeliformis, P. soledadensis, P. stantoni, P. striata, P. subnasuta, P. subpellucidum, P. swedani, P. thompsoni, P. turneri, P. turneri

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1857Pitar Römer p. 15
1862Caryatis Roemer
1928Cytherea (Caryatis) Vredenburg p. 449
1928Cytherea (Pitar) Vredenburg p. 451
1939Pitar Mukerjee p. 21
1944Pitar Durham p. 147
1955Pitar Uozumi p. 78
1957Pitar Rivera p. 196
1957Pitar Stenzel et al. p. 140
1964Pitar Natori p. 250
1969Pitar da Silva Forti p. 83
1973Pitar Marasti p. 110
1976Pitar Moore p. 47
1977Pitar Adegoke p. 280
1977Pitar Wozny p. 106
1980Pitar Vokes p. 172
1982Pitar Woodring p. 684
1983Pitar Zinsmeister p. 1288
1984Pitar Squires p. 51
1987Pitar Squires p. 68
1987Pitar Ward and Blackwelder p. 130
1988Pitar Squires p. 19
1992Pitar Lamprell and Whitehead p. 136
1992Pitar Perrilliat p. 15
1992Pitar Squires and Demetrion p. 42
1994Meretrix (Pitar) Skwarko p. g20
1995Pitar Pacaud and Le Renard p. 183
1999Pitar Squires p. 27
2001Pitar Todd
2002Pitar Sepkoski
2010Pitar Bouchet et al.
2010Pitar Matsubara et al. p. 135
2016Pitar Morales-Ortega et al. p. 15

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassHeteroconchia(Gray 1854)
—CardiomorphiFerussac 1822
RankNameAuthor
—CardioniFerussac 1822
—CardiidiaFerussac 1822
—CardiataFerussac 1822
superorderCardiiformiiFerussac 1822
orderCardiidaFerussac 1822
suborderCardiidinaFerussac 1822
—Veneroidei(Gray 1854)
—VeneroiteiGray 1854
superfamilyVeneroidea(Rafinesque 1815)
familyVeneridaeRafinesque 1815
subfamilyCallocardiinae(Dall 1895)
genusPitarRömer 1857

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Pitar Römer 1857
show all | hide all
Subg. †Pitar (Calpitaria) Jukes-Browne 1908
+
†Pitar (Calpitaria) carteri d'Archaic and Haime 1854
†Pitar (Calpitaria) obliqua Deshayes 1825
†Pitar (Calpitaria) petropolitanus Stenzel et al. 1957
†Pitar (Calpitaria) texibrazus Stenzel et al. 1957
Subg. †Pitar (Chionella) Cossmann 1886
+
†Pitar (Chionella) despecta Deshayes 1857
†Pitar (Chionella) lunularia Deshayes 1825
†Pitar (Chionella) ovalina Deshayes 1857
+
†Cordiopsis incrassata Nyst 1836
†Pelecyora (Cardiopsis) subathooensis d'Archaic and Haime 1854
Subg. Pitar (Costellipitar) Habe 1951
Subg. Pitar (Lamelliconcha) Dall 1902
+
†Pitar (Lamelliconcha) crooki Clark and Anderson 1938
†Pitar (Lamelliconcha) nomlandi Clark and Durham 1946
Subg. Pitar (Nanopitar) Rehder 1943
Subg. Pitar (Paradione) Dall 1909
Subg. Pitar (Pitar) Römer 1857
+
†Pitar (Pitar) angelinae Harris 1919
†Pitar (Pitar) calvimontana Deshayes 1857
†Pitar (Pitar) carmenensis Clark and Durham 1946
†Pitar (Pitar) corbulina Lamarck 1806
†Pitar (Pitar) coroanus Hodson 1927
†Pitar (Pitar) dalli Weaver 1916
†Pitar (Pitar) dinotus Woodring 1982
†Pitar (Pitar) distincta Deshayes 1857
†Pitar (Pitar) gabrielensis Clark and Durham 1946
†Pitar (Pitar) ovatus Rogers and Rogers 1837
†Pitar (Pitar) quirosanus Hodson 1927
†Pitar (Pitar) sapotanus Olsson 1932
Pitar (Pitar) tumens Stenzel et al. 1957
†Pitar (Pitar) yasila Olsson 1930
†Pitar (Pitar) nuttali Conrad 1834
Subg. Pitar (Pitarenus) Rehder and Abbott 1951
Subg. Pitar (Pitarina) Jukes-Browne 1913
†Pitar addicotti Zinsmeister 1983
Pitar albidus Gmelin 1791
†Pitar baylii Hupé 1854
†Pitar cedroensis Clark and Durham 1946
†Pitar colchaguana Hupé 1854
Pitar cordatus Schwengel 1951
†Pitar diabloensis Anderson 1905
†Pitar hataii Natori 1964
†Pitar kotoi Natori 1964
†Pitar mancorensis Olsson 1931
Pitar morrhuanus Dall 1902
+
Invalid names: Cytherea sayana Conrad 1833 [synonym]
†Pitar murphyi Zinsmeister 1983
†Pitar ozakii Matsubara et al. 2010
Pitar palmeri Fisher-Piette and Testud 1967
†Pitar parisiensis Deshayes 1857
†Pitar porrecta Koenen 1894
†Pitar quadratus Gabb 1864
Pitar rostratus Koch 1943
†Pitar salanga Pilsbry and Olsson 1941
†Pitar sciaena Olsson 1928
†Pitar securiformis Conrad 1865
Pitar simpsoni Dall 1895
†Pitar sorachiensis Oyama and Mizuno 1958
†Pitar stocki Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922
Pitar subarestus Dall 1912
†Pitar transversus Sowerby 1829
†Pitar uvasana Conrad 1855
+
Invalid names: Meretrix tejonensis Dickerson 1915 [objective synonym]
†Pitar vancouverensis Merriam 1897
Pitar vulnerata Broderip 1835
Invalid names: Caryatis Roemer 1862 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
height3526.211.436.228.05.98

Composition: aragonitef
Locomotion: facultatively mobileg
Life habit: infaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g
Created: 2009-09-04 16:38:09
Modified: 2009-09-04 18:38:09
Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Cenomanian to the top of the Holocene or 99.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 93.9 Ma

Collections (1157 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) P. yoakumi (98878 98879)
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5USSR P. rhotomagensis (3795)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3USSR P. rhotomagensis (3797)
Late/Upper Santonian85.8 - 83.5Austria P. matheroni (114268)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0USA (Tennessee) P. sp. (205445)
Early/Lower Paleocene66.0 - 61.7USA (Texas) P. kempae (86330 86392) P. pteleina (86393) P. sp. (84474 86417 86474) P. sp. A, P. sp. B (86473)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Illinois) P. ripleyanus (70129)
Danian66.0 - 61.6France P. sp. (20816)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Poland P. nitidula, P. saincenyensis, P. tranquilla, P. duponti (27625)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Alabama) P. ripleyanus (2815 2817 2859 2862 83297) P. sp. (2837 86396)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Belgium Chionella duponti (22931) Chionella rutoti (26879 26880)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Texas) P. biboraensis, P. hawtofi (99004) P. hawtofi (91821 92222 98997 108730) P. kempae (91811 91812) P. kempae, P. pteleina (85315) P. pteleinus (92223 92224 92245 92246 99010 99052 108767) P. ripleyanus (98880) P. sp. (5599 5602 205466) P. sp. B (98820 98821 98825 98993)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (New Jersey) Caryatis veta (26820)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Tennessee) P. ripleyanus (91896 98666)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2USA (Tennessee) P. ripleyanus (98662 98668)
Danian - Selandian66.0 - 59.2USA (Texas) P. sp. A (99003)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene66.0 - 58.7USA (Texas) P. kempae (86190 86307) P. sp. (86188 86436 86470)
Danian - Thanetian66.0 - 56.0Russian Federation P. californiana, P. murphyi (49981) P. simiensis (50039)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Poland P. sp.juv. (3112)
Paleocene66.0 - 56.0Austria (Salzburg) Meretrix elliptica (84335)