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Turnicidae (buttonquail)
Taxonomy
Turnicidae was named by Gray (1840). It is extant.
It was assigned to Aves by Olson (1985); to Galliformes by Carroll (1988); to Gruiformes by Baird (1992); to Turniciformes by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Lari by del Hoyo et al. (2014), Mayr (2022); and to Charadriiformes by Mayr and Knopf (2007), Clements et al. (2017), De Pietri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Aves by Olson (1985); to Galliformes by Carroll (1988); to Gruiformes by Baird (1992); to Turniciformes by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Lari by del Hoyo et al. (2014), Mayr (2022); and to Charadriiformes by Mayr and Knopf (2007), Clements et al. (2017), De Pietri et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1840 | Turnicidae Gray |
| 1985 | Turnicidae Olson |
| 1988 | Turnicidae Carroll |
| 1992 | Turnicidae Baird p. 26 |
| 2000 | Turnipacidae Mayr p. 626 |
| 2005 | Turnipacidae Mayr p. 318 |
| 2007 | Turnicidae Livezey and Zusi p. 92 |
| 2007 | Turnicidae Mayr and Knopf |
| 2014 | Turnicidae del Hoyo et al. |
| 2017 | Turnicidae Clements et al. |
| 2022 | Turnicidae De Pietri et al. p. 237 |
| 2022 | Turnicidae Mayr p. 77 figs. Fig. 5.2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Turnicidae Gray 1840 [buttonquail]
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G. †Turnipax Mayr 2000
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†Turnipax dissipata Mayr 2000
†Turnipax oechslerorum Mayr and Knopf 2007
G. Turnix Bonnaterre 1791 [buttonquail]
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Turnix maculosus Temminck 1815 [red-backed buttonquail]
Turnix nigricollis Gmelin 1789 [Madgascar buttonquail]
Turnix suscitator Gmelin 1789 [barred buttonquail]
Turnix sylvaticus Desfontaines 1789 [small buttonquail]
Turnix varius Lathum 1802 [painted buttonquail]
Turnix varius novaecaledoniae Ogilvie-Grant 1889 [New Caledonian buttonquail]
Turnix velox Gould 1841 [little buttonquail]
Invalid names: Hemipodius Temminck 1815 [synonym]
Invalid names: Turnipacidae Mayr 2000 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Benton 1983, Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MP 23 to the top of the Holocene or 33.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Collections (27 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France | Turnipax dissipata (216364) | |
| MP 23 | France | Cerestenia pulchrapenna (157327) | |
| Rupelian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Turnipax oechslerorum (68021) | |
| MP 30 | France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) | Turnicidae indet. (179146) | |
| Miocene | France | Turnicidae indet. (200296) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Turnix sp. (22333) | |
| Pleistocene | Australia (South Australia) | Turnix sp. (136076) Turnix varia (28298) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Australia (South Australia) | Turnix sp., Turnix varia (28364) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Egypt | Turnix sylvatica (208788) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Australia (Victoria) | Turnix varia (194980) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) | Turnix sp. (68068 193383 193390) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Australia (South Australia) | Turnix varia, Turnix velox (181314) Turnix velox (136072) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Timor-Leste | Turnix maculosus (204406) Turnix sp., Turnix maculosus (204407) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | Turnix suscitator (193440) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Madagascar | Turnix nigricollis (195018) | |
| Holocene | Senegal | Ortyxelos meiffrenii (215532) | |
| Holocene | Australia (South Australia) | Turnix sp. (194979) | |
| Holocene | Madagascar (Toliara) | Turnix nigricollis (92733) | |
| Holocene | Australia (Victoria) | Turnix varia (138410) | |
| Holocene | Mauritius | Turnix nigricollis (194027) | |
| Holocene | Madagascar | Turnix nigricollis (195020 236022) |