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Pygopodotubinares

Reptilia

Taxonomy
Pygopodotubinares was named by Livezey and Zusi (2007) [originally a "subdivision"; name corrected from "Pygopodo-tubinares"]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Natatores by Livezey and Zusi (2007).

Subtaxa
Gaviomorphae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2007Pygopodotubinares Livezey and Zusi p. 90

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—NatatoresBaird 1858
—Pygopodotubinares
—Pygopodotubinares

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Unr. Pygopodotubinares Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Superor. Gaviomorphae Livezey and Zusi 2007
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Or. Podicipediformes Fürbringer 1888 [grebe]
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Fm. Podicipedidae Bonaparte 1831
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G. Aechmophorus Coues 1862
+
Aechmophorus clarkii Lawrence 1858 [Clark's grebe]
†Aechmophorus elasson Murray 1967
†Aechmophorus lucasi Miller 1911
Aechmophorus occidentalis Lawrence 1858 [western grebe]
G. †Pliolymbus Murray 1967
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†Pliolymbus baryosteus Murray 1967
G. Podiceps Latham 1787
+
†Podiceps arndti Chandler 1990
Podiceps auritus Linnaeus 1758 [horned grebe]
+
Invalid names: Fulica pisana Portis 1887 [synonym], Pliodytes lanquisti Brodkorb 1953 [synonym], Podiceps howardae Storer 2001 [synonym]
Podiceps cristatus Linnaeus 1758 [great crested grebe]
†Podiceps discors Murray 1967
†Podiceps dixi Brodkorb 1963 [grebe]
Podiceps grisegena Boddaert 1783 [red-necked grebe]
†Podiceps miocenicus Kessler 1984
Podiceps nigricollis Brehm 1831 [black-necked grebe]
+
Invalid names: Podiceps caspicus Habizl 1783 [replaced]
†Podiceps parvus Schufeldt 1913
†Podiceps sociatus Longinos Navás 1922
†Podiceps subparvus Miller and Bowman 1958
Invalid names: Miobaptus Svec 1982 [synonym], Pliodytes Brodkorb 1953 [synonym], Thiornis Longinos Navás 1922 [synonym]
G. Podilymbus Lesson 1831
+
†Podilymbus magnus Schufeldt 1913
Podilymbus podiceps Linnaeus 1758 [pied-billed grebe]
G. Poliocephalus Selby 1840
+
Poliocephalus rufopectus Gray 1843 [New Zealand grebe]
G. Rollandia Bonaparte 1856
+
Rollandia rolland Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [white-tufted grebe]
G. Tachybaptus Reichenbach 1853
+
Tachybaptus dominicus Linnaeus 1766 [least grebe]
Tachybaptus ruficollis Pallas 1764 [little grebe]
Invalid names: Podicipedini Storer 1963 [empty], Podilymbini Storer 1963 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Oligocene to the top of the Holocene or 28.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma

Collections (127 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Australia (South Australia) Podicipedidae indet. (51412)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Podicipedidae indet. (74792)
Early/Lower Barstovian - early Late Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (California) Podicipedidae indet. (156738)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Podicipedidae indet. (18554)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246USA (Florida) Pliodytes lanquisti (122351)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Ethiopia Podiceps sp. (192298)
MN 9 - MN 1011.1 - 8.7Spain (Teruel) Thiornis sociata (44943)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) Colymbus nigricollis (18140)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Podiceps howardae, Podiceps auritus (52582)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588USA (Idaho) Podicipedidae indet. (181255)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Italy (Tuscany) Podiceps pisanus (49240)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Podilymbus podiceps (19752 19753 176340) Podilymbus sp. (19764)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) Aechmophorus elasson (178007) Podiceps arndti (178006 178011 178014 178021) Podiceps arndti, Podiceps subparvus (177990) Podiceps discors (177992 178005) Podiceps subparvus (177996)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588USA (Idaho) Podicipedidae indet. (176409)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (Florida) Podiceps sp., Podilymbus podiceps (22712)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Italy Fulica pisana (47428)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588USA (California) Colymbus parvus (19703)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Podiceps sp., Podilymbus podiceps, Tachybaptus dominicus (20384)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Podilymbus podiceps (19750 154721)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Podilymbus sp. (227368)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Jalisco) Pliolymbus baryosteus (192626) Podilymbus podiceps, Aechmophorus occidentalis, Podiceps caspicus (169983)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (California) Aechmophorus sp. (176094) Podiceps auritus, Podiceps nigricollis (176098)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Colorado) Podiceps sp., Podilymbus podiceps (152653)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Podiceps sp., Podilymbus podiceps (20400) Podilymbus podiceps (20334 20415)
Calabrian - Middle Pleistocene1.8 - 0.129Spain (Granada) Tachybaptus ruficollis (35078)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Argentina (Buenos Aires) Rollandia rolland (202096)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Japan (Aomori) Podiceps sp. (101897)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Colymbus auritus, Aechmophorus occidentalis, Colymbus nigricollis (20639)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Tachybaptus ruficollis (197926)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Podilymbus podiceps (195049)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Podiceps grisegena (84881)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Sonora) Podilymbus podiceps, Podiceps nigricollis (20495)
Rancholabrean (glacial)0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Aechmophorus occidentalis (20624)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Podilymbus podiceps (20398 20440) Podilymbus podiceps, Podiceps dixi (20491)
Rancholabrean - Holocene0.3 - 0.0USA (California) Podiceps nigricollis (84904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Podilymbus podiceps (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Podiceps auritus, Podilymbus podiceps, Podilymbus magnus (154773) Podilymbus podiceps (154922)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Podiceps nigricollis (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Podilymbus podiceps (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Podilymbus podiceps (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117East Timor Tachybaptus sp. (204407)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru Podilymbus podiceps, Podiceps dominicus (71346)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Podiceps auritus, Podilymbus podiceps (20636) Podilymbus podiceps (20571 20573 20580 20595)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Podiceps auritus (57706 73485) Podilymbus podiceps (103991 104697)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Colymbus auritus, Podilymbus podiceps, Aechmophorus occidentalis, Colymbus nigricollis, Colymbus holbellii (176222) Podilymbus podiceps, Aechmophorus occidentalis, Colymbus parvus, Colymbus nigricollis (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Aechmophorus occidentalis (20585)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (New Mexico) Aechmophorus occidentalis (93281) Podiceps caspicus (71670)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Aechmophorus occidentalis (59063 192600 192603 192604 192606 192611) Aechmophorus occidentalis, Podiceps nigricollis (20273) Aechmophorus sp., Podiceps nigricollis (120827 125236 176102) Podiceps auritus, Podiceps nigricollis (120829) Podiceps auritus, Podilymbus podiceps, Podiceps nigricollis (215552) Podiceps nigricollis (120830 125235) Podilymbus podiceps (44954 190077) Podilymbus podiceps, Aechmophorus occidentalis, Podiceps parvus (176267)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Podilymbus podiceps (85142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Azerbaijan Podiceps nigricollis (193356)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Mexico) Aechmophorus occidentalis, Podiceps parvus (71320)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation Podiceps grisegena, Podiceps cristatus (194811)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Colymbus auritus, Podilymbus podiceps (154771) Podilymbus podiceps (154921)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Japan (Aomori) Podiceps sp. (101898 210642)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (O'Higgins) Podiceps major (71280)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Jordan Podiceps sp., Tachybaptus ruficollis (197945)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Utah) Podiceps nigricollis (93326)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Russian Federation Podiceps auritus, Podiceps nigricollis (194812)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bolivia (Chuquisaca) Podiceps minor, Podiceps cornutus (70705)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Georgia) Podilymbus podiceps (152113)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Finland Podiceps sp. (209130 209134 209144)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Podiceps cristatus, Poliocephalus rufopectus (100554 194619)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Podiceps grisegena, Podiceps cristatus (194810)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (North Island) Podiceps cristatus, Poliocephalus rufopectus (215544)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Puerto Rico Podilymbus podiceps (194583)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (California) Aechmophorus sp. (194909 194921 194928) Aechmophorus sp., Podiceps nigricollis (194926) Podiceps auritus, Aechmophorus sp., Podiceps nigricollis (194906) Podiceps nigricollis (194925) Podiceps sp. (194905) Podiceps sp., Aechmophorus sp. (194908) Podiceps sp., Aechmophorus sp., Podiceps nigricollis (194907 194927) Podiceps sp., Podiceps auritus, Aechmophorus sp., Podiceps nigricollis (194912 194914)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mexico (Chiapas) Podilymbus podiceps, Tachybaptus dominicus (195047)