Bajo de la Palangana (upper levels) (Paleocene of Argentina)

Also known as Bajo Palangana; Ernestokokenia fauna

Where: Chubut, Argentina (45.4° S, 67.2° W: paleocoordinates 48.0° S, 56.9° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Riochican mammal zone, Las Flores Formation (Río Chico Group), Riochican (57.0 - 55.8 Ma)

• 85 to 88 meters above the "Banco Negro Superior" and about six meters below the Casamayor tuffs; Ernestokokenia Faunal Zone of Simpson (1935), and Riochican SALMA, which is argued to be late Early Eocene in age (Woodburne et al. 2014). Although this has been assigned to the Koluel Kaike Formation by some studies, Vera and Krause (2020) argue that this level in the locality belongs to the upper Las Flores Formation

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; coarse-grained, gray sandstone

• Coarse grey to pink sandstone

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected by Simpson, Brandmayr in 1931, 1934; reposited in the AMNH

• Original specimens are in the Feruglio Collection. Casts in AMNH

Primary reference: G. G. Simpson. 1935. Descriptions of the oldest known South American mammals, from the Rio Chico Formation. American Museum Novitates 793:1-25 [J. Alroy/J. Wertheim/J. Wertheim]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 13781: authorized by John Alroy, entered by Jill Wertheim on 25.04.2002, edited by Richard Butler, Jelle Zijlstra, Evangelos Vlachos and Philip Mannion

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Reptilia
 Testudines -
"Chelonii indet." = Testudines1
"Chelonii indet." = Testudines1 Batsch 1788 turtle
Chelidae or Meiolanidae (=Meiolaniformes)
Mammalia
 Mammalia -
 Astrapotheria - Trigonostylopidae
Trigonostylops sp.3 Ameghino 1897 placental
Trigonostylops sp.6 Ameghino 1897 placental
AMNH 27888 (cast)
 Notoungulata -
Brandmayria simpsoni4 Cabrera 1935 notoungulate
MLP 34-V-22.3, upper premolar (type); referred but uncertain: MLP 34-V-22.5, lower premolar
 Notoungulata - Archaeopithecidae
Archaeopithecus rogeri5 Ameghino 1897 notoungulate
MGP 29056, 31657, 31658, 31663, 31718-31720, 31727, 31729, 31753, 31759, 31763, 31767-31769 and 31777; MLP 34- V-22-7, MLP 61-VIII-3-145, 146, 148, 176 and 177
 Notoungulata - Archaeohyracidae
? Eohyrax sp.2 Ameghino 1901 notoungulate
 Notoungulata - Isotemnidae
Isotemnus sp.3 Ameghino 1897 notoungulate
Isotemnus cf. ctalego6 Simpson 1935 notoungulate
? Pleurostylodon sp.2 Ameghino 1897 notoungulate
 Notoungulata - Henricosborniidae
Othnielmarshia sp.2 Ameghino 1901 notoungulate
Henricosbornia lophodonta6 Ameghino 1901 notoungulate
"? Polystylops sp." = Henricosbornia3 Ameghino 1901 notoungulate
 Notoungulata - Oldfieldthomasiidae
Kibenikhoria get6 Simpson 1935 notoungulate
 Panameriungulata - Macraucheniidae
Victorlemoineia sp. Ameghino 1901 placental
AMNH 27895 (cast)
 Panameriungulata - Proterotheriidae
Ricardolydekkeria sp., "Josepholeidya sp." = Anisolambda
Ricardolydekkeria sp. Ameghino 1901 placental
AMNH 27891 (cast); original is MGP-PD 29079 (see Vera et al., 2015, ref. 58073)
"Josepholeidya sp." = Anisolambda Ameghino 1901 placental
AMNH 27890 (cast)
 Panameriungulata - Didolodontidae
Ernestokokenia ? yirunhor3 Simpson 1935 placental
Ernestokokenia chaishoer n. sp. Simpson 1935 placental
AMNH 27892a (cast of holotype). AMNH 27892b (cast of paratype)
 Polydolopimorphia - Polydolopidae
"Polydolops winecage n. sp." = Pliodolops winecage
"Polydolops winecage n. sp." = Pliodolops winecage Simpson 1935 metatherian
AMNH 27893 (cast of holotype)
 Sparassodonta - Borhyaenidae
? Nemolestes sp.2 Ameghino 1902 metatherian