S-21 (3450-3700 cm) (Pleistocene of Australia)

Also known as Stony Creek Basin

Where: Victoria, Australia (37.6° S, 144.2° E: paleocoordinates 39.0° S, 144.0° E)

• coordinate stated in text

• basin-level geographic resolution

When: Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)

• Between 1.555 & 1.835 Ma.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: lacustrine; unlithified, massive, black, green, silty claystone and sandy siltstone

• Small paleolake (<10 ha)
• organic-rich, silty clay sediment.

Size class: microfossils

• Plant macrofossils and insects.

Preservation: original sporopollenin

Collected in 2000

Collection methods: core, chemical, hydrochloric, hydroflouric, sieve

• c. 40-m-long sediment core.

Primary reference: J. M. K. Sniderman. 2011. Early Pleistocene vegetation change in upland south-eastern Australia. Journal of Biogeography 38(8):1456-1470 [C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo/C. Jaramillo]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 172883: authorized by Carlos Jaramillo, entered by Carlos Jaramillo on 27.08.2015

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Cupaniae indet., Trilete indet.
Equisetopsida
 Pinidae - Pinidae
Araucariaceae indet., Agathis indet., Dilwynites cf. granulatus, Araucaria indet.
Araucariaceae indet. Henckel and Hochstetter 1865
Agathis indet. Salisbury 1807
Araucaria indet. de Jussieu 1789
 Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podocarpus "Prumnopitys", Podocarpidites sp., Podosporites cf. microsaccatus, Dacrycarpus indet., Dacrydium indet., Phyllocladus indet., Microcachrys indet., Lagarostrobos indet.
Podocarpus "Prumnopitys" L'Heritier and Persoon 1807 podocarp
Podocarpidites sp. Cookson 1947 podocarp
Podosporites cf. microsaccatus Dettmann 1963 podocarp
Dacrycarpus indet. de Laubenfels 1969 podocarp
Dacrydium indet. Soland and Lambert 1807 podocarp
Phyllocladus indet. Richard and Mirbel 1825 podocarp
Microcachrys indet. Hooker 1845 podocarp
Lagarostrobos indet. Quinn 1982 podocarp
 Coniferales - Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae indet.
Cupressaceae indet. Gray 1822 cypress
Magnoliopsida
  -
Polyporina bipatterna, Rhoipites alveolatus, Malvacipollis cf. diversus
Rhoipites alveolatus Couper 1953
Angiospermae
 Poales - Poaceae
Poaceae indet.
Poaceae indet. Barnhart 1895 grass
 Poales - Restionaceae
Restionaceae "undif."
 Poales - Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae "undif."
Cyperaceae "undif." Jussieu 1789 sedge
 Asparagales - Asteliaceae
? Astelia indet.
? Astelia indet. Banks et al. 1810
 Mesangiosperms - Liliaceae
Liliaceae indet.
Liliaceae indet. Jussieu 1789
 Liliales - Ripogonaceae
Ripogonum indet.
Ripogonum indet. Forster and Forster 1776
 Chloranthales - Chloranthaceae
cf. Ascarina indet.
cf. Ascarina indet. Forster and Forster 1775
 Ranunculales - Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae indet.
Ranunculaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 buttercup
 Solanales - Solanaceae
cf. Solanum indet.
cf. Solanum indet. Linnaeus 1753 nightshade
 Saxifragales - Haloragaceae
Haloragodendron "Glishrocaryon", Myriophyllum indet.
Haloragodendron "Glishrocaryon" Orchard 1975 water milfoil
Myriophyllum indet. Linnaeus 1753 water milfoil
 Saxifragales -
Haloragis "Gonocarpus"
Haloragis "Gonocarpus" Forster and Forster 1775
 Escalloniales - Escalloniaceae
Quintinia indet.
Quintinia indet. Candolle 1830
 Asterales - Goodeniaceae
Goodeniaceae indet.
 Asterales - Asteraceae
Asteraceae "tubuliflorae"
Asteraceae "tubuliflorae" Berchtold and Presl 1820 daisy
 Aquifoliales - Stemonuraceae
cf. Stemonuraceae indet.
 Aquifoliales - Aquifoliaceae
Ilex indet.
Ilex indet. Linnaeus 1753 holly
 Apiales - Apiaceae
Apiaceae indet.
Apiaceae indet. Lindley 1836
 Apiales - Araliaceae
Araliaceae indet., Araliaceae "Rutaceae?"
Araliaceae indet. Jussieu 1789
Araliaceae "Rutaceae?" Jussieu 1789
 Lamiales - Scrophulariaceae
Scrophulariaceae indet.
Scrophulariaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789 figwort
 Lamiales - Plantaginaceae
Plantago indet.
Plantago indet. Linnaeus 1753 plantain
 Gentianales - Rubiaceae
Coprosma indet.
Coprosma indet. Forster and Forster 1775 coffee
 Santalales - Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae indet.
Loranthaceae indet. de Jussieu 1808 mistletoe
 Caryophyllales - Polygonaceae
Muehlenbeckia indet., Muehlenbeckia "horrida type", Rumex indet.
Muehlenbeckia indet. Meisner 1841 knotweed
Muehlenbeckia "horrida type" Meisner 1841 knotweed
Rumex indet. Linnaeus 1753 dock
 Caryophyllales - Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodiaceae "Amaranthaceae minor 10P"
 Caryophyllales - Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae indet.
Caryophyllaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 carnation
 Proteales - Proteaceae
Proteaceae "undif.", Banksia "minor 30μm", Banksia "major 31μm", cf. Lomatia indet., cf. Orites indet., Grevillea "Hakea", Stirlingia "Conospermeae"
Proteaceae "undif." de Jussieu 1789
Banksia "minor 30μm" Linnaeus 1782
Banksia "major 31μm" Linnaeus 1782
cf. Lomatia indet. Brown 1810
cf. Orites indet. Brown 1810
Grevillea "Hakea" Brown and Knight 1809
Stirlingia "Conospermeae" Endlicher 1837
 Proteales -
Beauprea indet.
Beauprea indet. Brongniart and Gris 1871
 Ericales -
Rapanea indet.
Rapanea indet. Aublet 1775
Dicotyledoneae
 Ericales - Ericaceae
Ericaceae "undif.", Monotoca indet.
Ericaceae "undif." Jussieu 1789 heather
Monotoca indet. Brown 1810 heather
 Ericales - Ebenaceae
cf. Diospyros indet.
cf. Diospyros indet. Linnaeus 1753
 Ericales - Symplocaceae
Symplocos indet.
Symplocos indet. Jacquin 1760 sweetleaf
 Ericales - Epacridaceae
Leucopogon indet.
Leucopogon indet. Brown 1810
 Myrtales - Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae "10/12 micron", Myrtaceae indet., Eucalyptus indet., Eucalyptus "spathulata type", Leptospermum indet., cf. Melaleuca "Callistemon", Acmena "type", Rhodamnia "Rhodomyrtus", Syzygium "type", cf. Lophostemon indet., Corymbia "Angophora"
Myrtaceae "10/12 micron" de Jussieu 1789 myrtle
Myrtaceae indet. de Jussieu 1789 myrtle
Eucalyptus indet. L'Héritier de Brutelle 1789 eucalyptus
Eucalyptus "spathulata type" L'Héritier de Brutelle 1789 eucalyptus
Leptospermum indet. Forster and Forster 1775 myrtle
cf. Melaleuca "Callistemon" Linnaeus 1767 honey-myrtle
Acmena "type" Candolle 1828 myrtle
Rhodamnia "Rhodomyrtus" Jack 1822 myrtle
Syzygium "type" Browne and Gaertner 1788 bush cherry
cf. Lophostemon indet. Schott 1830 myrtle
Corymbia "Angophora" Hill and Johnson 1995 myrtle
 Primulales - Myrsinaceae
Myrsine indet.
Myrsine indet. Linnaeus 1753
Angiospermae
 Canellales - Winteraceae
Winteraceae indet.
Winteraceae indet. Lindley 1830 magnoliids
 Malpighiales - Euphorbiaceae
Macaranga "Mallotus", Amperea indet.
Macaranga "Mallotus" Thouars 1806 spurge
Amperea indet. Jussieu 1824 spurge
 Fabales - Fabaceae
? Fabaceae "3p reticulate", Acacia "equivalents"
? Fabaceae "3p reticulate" Lindley 1836 legume
Acacia "equivalents" Miller 1758 wattle
 Oxalidales - Elaeocarpaceae
Elaeocarpus indet.
Elaeocarpus indet. Linnaeus 1753
 Oxalidales - Cunoniaceae
Cunoniaceae "3C"
Cunoniaceae "3C" Brown 1814
 Fagales - Nothofagaceae
Nothofagus "Brassospora", Nothofagus "Lophozonia"
 Fagales - Casuarinaceae
Casuarinaceae indet.
 Rosales - Rhamnaceae
Pomaderris indet.
Pomaderris indet. Labillardière 1805 buckthorn
 Brassicales - Gyrostemonaceae
Gyrostemonaceae indet.
Gyrostemonaceae indet. Endlicher 1845
 Sapindales - Sapindaceae
Dodonaea indet., cf. Alectryon indet.
Dodonaea indet. Miller 1758 soapberry
cf. Alectryon indet. Gaertner 1788 soapberry
 Rosids - Moraceae
Moraceae "Urticaceae 3p"
Moraceae "Urticaceae 3p" Link 1835 mulberry
 Typhales - Commelinidae
Sparganium indet.
Sparganium indet. Linnaeus 1753 bur-reed
 Alismatales - Juncaginaceae
Triglochin "Typha"
Triglochin "Typha" Linnaeus 1753 arrowgrass
Polypodiopsida
  - Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae indet.
Polypodiaceae indet. Presl and Presl 1822
  - Dicksoniaceae
Lophosoria indet., Dicksonia indet., Calochlaena "Culcita"
Lophosoria indet. Presl 1847
Dicksonia indet. L'Héritier de Brutelle 1788
Calochlaena "Culcita" Turner and White 1988
  - Osmundaceae
Baculatisporites disconformis
 Cyatheales - Polypodiidae
Cyathea indet.
Cyathea indet. Smith 1793 scaly tree fern
 Schizaeales - Polypodiidae
cf. Lygodium indet.
cf. Lygodium indet. Swartz 1800 climbing fern
 Polypodiales - Polypodiidae
Pteris indet., Pteridium indet.
Pteris indet. Linnaeus 1753
Pteridium indet. Gleditsch and Scopoli 1760
  - Blechnaceae
Peromonolites sp.
Peromonolites sp. Couper 1953
  - Gleicheniaceae
Gleichenia indet.
Gleichenia indet. Smith 1793
Monolete
  -
Monolete "psilate"
Monolete "psilate" Van der Hammen et al. 1973
Pteridopsida
  -
Monolites cf. alveolatus
Lycopsida
  -
cf. Foveotriletes balteus
Algae
  - Botryococcaceae
Botryococcus "spores"
Botryococcus "spores" Kutzing 1849
Sphagnum
  - Sphagnaceae
Sphagnum indet.
Sphagnum indet. Linnaeus 1753 peat moss
Lycopodiopsida
 Isoetales - Isoetaceae
Isoetes indet.
Isoetes indet. Linnaeus 1753 quillwort
 Lycopodiales - Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodium indet.
Lycopodium indet. Linnaeus 1753 ground pine
Anthocerotopsida
  -
Anthoceros indet.