Laredura, between Baramulla and Gulmarg (Pleistocene of India)

Where: Kashmir, India (34.1° N, 74.3° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 33.6° N, 74.5° E (Wright 2013)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)

• "Lower Karewas" (Lakhanpal et al. 1976)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial; lithology not reported

Size classes: macrofossils, microfossils

Primary reference: R. N. Lakhanpal, H. K. Maheshwari, and N. Awasthi. 1976. A Catalogue of Indian Fossil Plants. 1-318 [B. Allen/B. Allen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 224612: authorized by Bethany Allen, entered by Bethany Allen on 24.03.2022

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Mediophyceae
 Stephanodiscales - Thalassiosirophycidae
Cyclotella comta typica
Bacillariophyceae
 Melosirales - Melosiraceae
Melosira ambigua desikacharya
Mediophyceae
 Stephanodiscales - Thalassiosirophycidae
Stephanodiscus astraea typica, Cyclotella comta affinis
Bacillariophyceae
 Melosirales - Melosiraceae
Melosira ambigua krishna, Melosira ambigua laradura
Mediophyceae
 Stephanodiscales - Thalassiosirophycidae
Stephanodiscus astraea bizonata
Ginkgoopsida
 Ephedrales - Ephedraceae
Ephedra sp.
Ephedra sp. Linnaeus 1753 jointfir
Pinopsida
 Pinales - Pinaceae
Picea sp., Abies sp., Pinus wallichiana
Picea sp. Dietrich 1824 spruce
Abies sp. Miller 1754 fir
Pinus wallichiana Jackson 1938 blue pine
Angiospermae
 Nymphaeales - Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaea sp.
Nymphaea sp. Linnaeus 1753 water lily
 Alismatales - Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton sp.
Potamogeton sp. Linnaeus 1753 pondweed
 Arales - Lemnaceae
Lemna sp.
Lemna sp. Linnaeus 1753 duckweed
 Poales - Typhaceae
Typha sp.
Typha sp. Linnaeus 1753 bulrush
 Poales - Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae indet.
Cyperaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 sedge
 Poales - Poaceae
Poaceae indet.
Poaceae indet. Barnhart 1895 grass
 Ceratophyllales - Ceratophyllaceae
Ceratophyllum cf. demersum
Ceratophyllum cf. demersum Linnaeus 1753 hornwort
 Buxales - Buxaceae
Buxus papillosa, Buxus wallichiana
Buxus papillosa Schneider 1907 boxwood
Buxus wallichiana Baillon 1859 boxwood
 Ranunculales - Berberidaceae
Berberis sp., Berberis lycium
Berberis sp. Linnaeus 1753 barberry
Berberis lycium Royle 1834 barberry
 Ranunculales - Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae indet., Clematis sp., Ranunculus sp.
Ranunculaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 buttercup
Clematis sp. Linnaeus 1753 clematis
Ranunculus sp. Linnaeus 1753 buttercup
 Cornales - Cornaceae
"Cornus capitata" = Dendrobenthamia capitata
"Cornus capitata" = Dendrobenthamia capitata Wallich 1820
 Lamiales - Oleaceae
Fraxinus sp., Olea glandulifera
Fraxinus sp. Linnaeus 1753 ash
Olea glandulifera Wallich 1837 olive
 Dipsacales - Caprifoliaceae
Lonicera quinquelocularis, Viburnum sp., Viburnum cotinifolium
Lonicera quinquelocularis Hardwicke 1799 honeysuckle
Viburnum sp. Linnaeus 1753 honeysuckle
Viburnum cotinifolium Don 1803 honeysuckle
 Apiales - Araliaceae
Hedera helix, Hedera nepalensis
Hedera helix Linnaeus 1753 ivy
Hedera nepalensis Koch 1853 ivy
 Apiales - Apiaceae
Apiaceae indet.
Apiaceae indet. Lindley 1836
 Apiales - Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum eriocarpum
Pittosporum eriocarpum Royle 1834 cheesewood
 Asterales - Asteraceae
Asteraceae indet.
Asteraceae indet. Berchtold and Presl 1820 daisy
 Saxifragales - Haloragaceae
? Myriophyllum sp.
? Myriophyllum sp. Linnaeus 1753 water milfoil
 Laurales - Lauraceae
Phoebe lanceolata, Machilus sp.
Phoebe lanceolata Nees 1836 laurel
Machilus sp. Nees 1831 laurel
 Sapindales - Sapindaceae
Acer sp., Acer caesium, Acer oblongum, Acer villosum, Aesculus sp., Aesculus indica
Acer sp. Linnaeus 1753 maple
Acer caesium Wallich 1874 maple
Acer oblongum Wallich 1824 maple
Acer villosum Presl 1822 maple
Aesculus sp. Linnaeus 1753 soapberry
Aesculus indica Hooker 1859 Indian horse chestnut
 Sapindales - Anacardiaceae
Rhus sp., Rhus succedanea, Rhus punjabensis, "Odina wodier" = Lannea, Lannea coromandelica
Rhus sp. Linnaeus 1753 sumac
Rhus succedanea Linnaeus 1753 sumac
Rhus punjabensis Stewart 1874 sumac
"Odina wodier" = Lannea cashew
Lannea coromandelica Houttuyn 1782 cashew
 Sapindales - Rutaceae
? Murraya sp., Toddalia aculeata
? Murraya sp. König 1771 citrus
 Malpighiales - Salicaceae
Salix sp., Salix elegans, Populus sp.
Salix sp. Linnaeus 1753 willow
Salix elegans Wallich 1859 willow
Populus sp. Linnaeus 1753 poplar
 Malpighiales - Euphorbiaceae
Mallotus philippensis
Mallotus philippensis Lamarck 1786 spurge
 Rosales - Rosaceae
Rosaceae indet., Cotoneaster bacillaris, Spiraea sp., Rosa sp., Rosa webbiana, Rosa macrophylla, Pyrus pashia, Prunus cerasoides, Rubus sp., Rubus fruticosus
Rosaceae indet. Jussieu 1789 rose
Cotoneaster bacillaris Wallich 1829 rose
Spiraea sp. Linnaeus 1753 meadowsweet
Rosa sp. Linnaeus 1753 rose
Rosa webbiana Wallich 1834 rose
Rosa macrophylla Lindley 1820 rose
Pyrus pashia Buchanan-Hamilton 1825 pear
Prunus cerasoides Don 1825 plum
Rubus sp. Linnaeus 1753 bramble
Rubus fruticosus Linnaeus 1753 bramble
 Rosales - Ulmaceae
Ulmus laevigata, Ulmus sp., Ulmus wallichiana, Ulmus campestris
Ulmus sp. Linnaeus 1753 elm
Ulmus wallichiana Planchon 1848 elm
Ulmus campestris Linnaeus 1753 elm
 Fabales - Fabaceae
Indigofera sp., Indigofera hebepetala, "Leguminosae indet." = Fabaceae, Desmodium sp., Desmodium laxiflorum n. sp., Desmodium tiliaefolium, Desmodium latifolium n. sp., Desmodium nutans
Indigofera sp. Linnaeus 1753 legume
Indigofera hebepetala Bentham 1876 legume
"Leguminosae indet." = Fabaceae Lindley 1836 legume
Desmodium sp. Desvaux 1813 legume
Desmodium laxiflorum n. sp. Puri 1948 legume
Desmodium tiliaefolium Don 1850 legume
Desmodium latifolium n. sp. Puri 1951 legume
Desmodium nutans Wallich 1850 legume
 Fagales - Fagaceae
Quercus sp., Quercus ilex, Quercus glauca, Quercus dilatata, Quercus semecarpifolia
Quercus sp. Linnaeus 1753 oak
Quercus ilex Linnaeus 1753 oak
Quercus glauca Thunberg 1784 oak
Quercus dilatata Lindley 1864 oak
Quercus semecarpifolia Smith 1814 oak
 Fagales - Betulaceae
Carpinus sp., Alnus sp., Alnus nitida, Alnus nepalensis, Corylus sp., Corylus ferox, Betula sp., Betula alnoides, Betula utilis, Betula cf. utilis
Carpinus sp. Linnaeus 1753 hornbeam
Alnus sp. Miller 1754 alder
Alnus nitida Endlicher 1847 alder
Alnus nepalensis Don 1825 alder
Corylus sp. Linnaeus 1753 hazel
Corylus ferox Wallich 1830 hazel
Betula sp. Linnaeus 1753 birch
"female cones"
Betula alnoides Buchanan-Hamilton 1825 birch
Betula utilis Don 1825 birch
Betula cf. utilis Don 1825 birch
 Fagales - Juglandaceae
"Engelhardtia colebrookeana" = Engelhardia
"Engelhardtia colebrookeana" = Engelhardia
 Rosids - Moraceae
Ficus cunia
Dicotyledoneae
 Myrtales - Lythraceae
Woodfordia fruticosa
Woodfordia fruticosa Linnaeus 1758
 Myrtales - Trapaceae
Trapa bispinosa, Trapa natans
Trapa bispinosa water caltrop
Trapa natans Linnaeus 1753 water caltrop
Mediophyceae
 Stephanodiscales - Thalassiosirophycidae
Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclotella iyengaria n. sp.
Cyclotella iyengaria n. sp. Rao and Awasthi 1963
Bacillariophyceae
 Melosirales - Melosiraceae
Melosira arenaria