Also known as Fort Sill; OMNH locality V51; Dolese Bros. limestone quarry; FEP 60A
Where: Comanche County, Oklahoma (34.8° N, 98.4° W: paleocoordinates 0.8° N, 28.6° W)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Artinskian (290.1 - 279.3 Ma)
• The deposits occur within karstic deposits formed within bedding planes that were partially dissolved by meteoric dissolution of the Ordovician Arbuckle Limestone. Although long correlated with the Arroyo Formation (Clear Fork Group) of Texas (see Sullivan and Reisz, 1999 p. 1265, for discussion), radioisotopic dating of speleothems by Woodhead et al. (2010) and MacDougall et al. (2017) have provided an older estimate to around 289–286 Ma.
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: fissure fill; poorly lithified, fine-grained, gray claystone and coarse-grained conglomerate
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Collected by F. E. Peabody, W. Langston, J. Bolt, E. C. Olson, among others; reposited in the FMNH, MCZ, OU, YPM
Collection methods: quarrying, surface (float), sieve,
• The fossils are prepared by "washing the largely unlithified fossiliferous clays and sorting in the laboratory" (Sullivan & Reisz, 1999 p. 1259)
•apparently, the material comes from spoil piles produced during commercial quarrying.
•Additonal institutions storing material from Richards Spur:
•KU(MNH)= KUVP = University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Lawrence
•ROM = Royal Ontario Musuem, Toronto, Canada
•UCLA = University of California Los Angeles
•UCMP = University of California Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley
•UMMP = University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Detroit
•USNM = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC
•UWBM = University of Washington, Burke Museum, Seattle
Primary reference: M. J. MacDougall, N. J. Tabor, J. Woodhead, A. R. Daoust, and R. R. Reisz. 2017. The unique preservational environment of the Early Permian (Cisuralian) fossiliferous cave deposits of the Richards Spur locality, Oklahoma. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 475:1-11 [B. Gee/B. Gee]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 67862: authorized by John Alroy, entered by John Alroy on 13.12.2006, edited by Torsten Liebrecht, Richard Butler, Roger Benson, Emma Dunne, Bryan Gee, Matthew Clapham and Graeme Lloyd
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
•The type specimen of Sillerpeton permianum is said to be UCMP 62480 by Lund (1978 p. 65). This specimen number, however, does not appear among the specimens of Phlegethontia cf. longissima listed by McGinnis (1967 p. 2) but one of these specimens bears the catalogue number UCMP 62580. The latter is listed as referred specimen of S. permianum in Lund (1978 p. 66). Anderson (2002, J. Paleont. 76(6) p. 1031) lists both UCMP 62480 and 62580 as type of S. permianum. Since UCMP 62480 is a braincase according to Lund (1978) and UCMP 62580 is a braincase as well (McGinnis, 1967; Lund, 1978) and since there is only one aistopod braincase present in the Fort Sill material (Anderson, 2002) the type of S. permianum is very likely to be UCMP 62580.
•Anderson & Reisz (2003) do not explicitly say when the type of Bolterpeton carrolli was collected but it is improbable that this specimen was known to Bolt in 1980. OMNH 71111 and OMNH 71112, although not explicitly mentioned by Bolt (1980), well may belong to the material that was originally assigned to "species x". Furthermore, Anderson & Reisz (2003) do not explicitly assign the remainder of "species x" to Bolterpeton. Nevertheless they say that these specimens are "closely related" to Bolterpeton, but "because of the size difference between Bolterpeton and Species X, it cannot be said whether Species X is a different species or an ontogenetic variant." Thus, these specimens are re-identified here as ? Bolterpeton sp.
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| Osteichthyes | |
Sillerpeton permianum n. gen. n. sp.19
Sillerpeton permianum n. gen. n. sp.19 Lund 1978 tetrapod only one single Aistopod vertebra was known from Ft. Sill at the time
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Seymouria sp.43 Broili 1904 tetrapod FMNH PR 2053 (femur), 2054 (humerus), 2055-2057; OMNH 15108, 56825 (all vertebral elements)
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Nannaroter mckinziei n. gen. n. sp.3
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? Bolterpeton sp.2, Bolterpeton carrolli n. gen. n. sp.2, Euryodus sp.14, Cardiocephalus peabodyi n. sp.8
? Bolterpeton sp.2 Anderson and Reisz 2003 amniote referred to as "species x" ("either microsaur or reptile") by Bolt (1980); minimum number of individuals is derived from the presence of 91 dentaries (minus OMNH 71111) assigned to "x" by Bolt (1980; specimens mentioned and figured therein are: FMNH PR 1083 (maxilla), 1084-1086 (dentaries), 1087 (premax.), 1091 (maxilla), 1162 (dentary), 1180, 1181 (both are premaxillae))
Bolterpeton carrolli n. gen. n. sp.2 Anderson and Reisz 2003 amniote OMNH 52364 (type), OMNH 71111 (both are incomplete mandibles); the second specimen probably was originally identified as "species x" by Bolt (1980) (see comments on taxonomic list)
Euryodus sp.14 Olson 1939 amniote OMNH 53519 (skull with mandibles); FMNH PR 1030 (partial skull with mandibles)
Cardiocephalus peabodyi n. sp.8 Carroll and Gaskill 1978 amniote OUSM 10001 (formerly OU 1034); YPM 3689; KUMNH 8967
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| Reptilia | |
Captorhinidae indet.26, Opisthodontosaurus carrolli n. gen. n. sp.36, Opisthodontosaurus carrolli36, Captorhinus sp.18, Captorhinus kierani9, Captorhinus magnus n. sp.18, Captorhinus aguti43, Baeotherates fortsillensis n. gen. n. sp.25, Labidosauriscus richardi n. gen. n. sp.28
Opisthodontosaurus carrolli n. gen. n. sp.36 Reisz et al. 2015 eureptile OMNH 77469 (type, a partial skull with mandible), 43299 (a right maxilla), 43300 (left dentary), 77470 (partial skull roof and lower jaw preserved in articulation) 77471 (partial skull and lower jaws, incl. disarticulated vertebrae, pectoral girdle, right forelimb, proximal head of left humerus) and 77472 (partial lower jaws, left maxilla and fragmentary skull roof elements, partial palate, isolated dorsal vertebrae and ribs, two caudal vertebrae, partial right pelvis and femur); ROM 71398 (a single maxillary tooth); UWBM 89171 (lower jaws, partial palate, fragment of lacrimal and prefrontal)
Opisthodontosaurus carrolli36 Reisz et al. 2015 eureptile YPM 3684, 3686, 3864-3866 (all are mandibles ore maxillaries) + "numerous isolated bones" in the collections of the KUMNH (number of individuals is inferred from presence of at least 50 dentaries)
Captorhinus kierani9 deBraga et al. 2019 eureptile OMNH 73281a (Holotype: complete skull); ROMVP 80229 (right dentary)
Captorhinus magnus n. sp.18 Kissel et al. 2002 eureptile OMNH 55386, 55387 (type), 55390-55392, 55396, 55397, 55399, 55400, 56820, 56821, 56881, 56884-56886, 56888, 56891, 56893-56897, 56900, 56909-56913, 56917, 56921, 56923, 56929, 56943, 56961, 56963, 56965, 56967, 56970, 56973, 56975, 56983, 56984; presence of 6 left humeri indicates that, at least, 6 individuals are present
Captorhinus aguti43 Cope 1882 eureptile AMNH 2463-2466, 4434, 5494, AMNH unnumbered; FMNH UR 338, 339, 382-402, 425, 594-596, UC 1699, 3x UC unnumbered; UMMP 50985, KU 9978, 8962-8964, 8965, 9780, 9924, Clarke Collection unnumbered specimen (disarticulated partial skull); MCZ 1198, 1199, 2146; OMNH 15138; ROM 30096-30101; specimen numbers are from Seltin (1959), Fox & Bowman (1966), Holmes (1977), Sumida (1987) and Modesto (1998); minimum number of individuals is derived from the presence of 91 interclavicles (incl. more or less complete skeletons)
Labidosauriscus richardi n. gen. n. sp.28 Modesto et al. 2018 eureptile OMNH 77609, a partial subadult skull with associated vertebrae (holotype). OMNH 77610, greater part of a mostly articulated, dorsoventrally-compressed skull with a few postcra- nial elements; OMNH 77611, a right premaxilla; OMNH 77612, greater part of a small left maxilla with 11 tooth positions; OMNH 77613, fragment of anterior end of medium-sized right maxilla with three complete teeth and a single alveolus; OMNH 77614, fragment of anterior end of small, right maxilla with two complete teeth and two tooth stumps; OMNH 78657, fragment of small, right maxilla with two complete teeth and a large alve- olus; OMNH 78658, anterior fragment of large, right dentary with two complete teeth.
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Orovenator mayorum n. gen. n. sp.38 Reisz et al. 2011 diapsid OMNH 74606 (type), 74607; both are partial skulls
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Protorothyrididae indet.32 Price 1937 eureptile ROM 21732 to 21740 (all are isolated longbones of fore- and hindlimb)
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Bolosaurus grandis n. sp.35
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Acleistorhinidae indet.27, Feeserpeton oklahomensis n. gen. n. sp.21, Colobomycter vaughni n. sp.20, Colobomycter pholeter n. gen. n. sp.46, Delorhynchus multidentatus n. sp.41, Delorhynchus cifellii n. sp.37, Delorhynchus priscus n. gen. n. sp.11
Acleistorhinidae indet.27 Daly 1969 parareptile OMNH 73364 (one skull; apparently not among the material referred to Delorhynchus cifellii by Reisz et al., 2014)
Feeserpeton oklahomensis n. gen. n. sp.21 MacDougall and Reisz 2012 parareptile OMNH 73541 (type, a nearly complete skull)
Colobomycter vaughni n. sp.20 MacDougall et al. 2016 parareptile UWBM 96304 (Holotype: partial skull with a few disarticulated cranial and postcranial elements) and BMRP 2008.3.3b (interior surface of a partial skull and two disarticulated vertebrae), found at Dolese Brothers Limestone quarry
Colobomycter pholeter n. gen. n. sp.46 Vaughn 1958 parareptile FMNH UR 272 (type); OMNH 55927, 73535; ROM 26108; specimen numbers of other than the type specimen are from Modesto & Reisz (2008)
Delorhynchus cifellii n. sp.37 Reisz et al. 2014 parareptile OMNH 73515 (holotype), OMNH 73362 and 73363 (skull and mandible, cited as "acleistorhinid parareptile" in Modesto et al., 2009), 73524 (a right maxilla)
Delorhynchus priscus n. gen. n. sp.11 Fox 1962 parareptile KU 11117 (type), 11118, 11119 (all are fragmentary maxillae)
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Abyssomedon williamsi n. gen. n. sp.22
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Microleter mckinzieorum n. gen. n. sp.45
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| Osteichthyes | |
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Arisierpeton simplex34 Reisz 2019 synapsid GAA 00225-1 (Holotype: premaxilla); GAA 00242, a right premaxilla; GAA 00239, a right premaxillary fragment; GAA 00207, a left maxillary fragment; GAA 00225-2, a right maxillary fragment; GAA 00240, a left maxillary fragment with two teeth and fragments of two other teeth; GAA 00246-1, a partial left dentary with eight teeth; GAA 00246-2, a partial right dentary with 12 teeth or parts of teeth; GAA 00244, a series of three dorsal vertebrae.
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Mycterosaurus longiceps40, Varanops cf. brevirostris23, Mesenosaurus efremovi n. sp.24, Thrausmosaurus serratidens n. gen. n. sp.11, Mycterosaurinae indet.24
Mycterosaurus longiceps40 Williston 1915 synapsid FMNH UR 381 (pars; a tibia) "identification questionable"
Mesenosaurus efremovi n. sp.24 Maho et al. 2019 synapsid OMNH 73208, 73209, 73500; "large undescribed mycterosaurine"
Thrausmosaurus serratidens n. gen. n. sp.11 Fox 1962 synapsid KU 11120 (type), 11121, 11122 (all are dentigerous fragments)
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Sphenacodontidae indet.10 Marsh 1878 synapsid OMNH 73811-73816 (2 dentigerous fragments, 3 isolated teeth, 1 cervical)
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| Amphibia | |
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Tersomius dolesensis n. sp.1 Anderson and Bolt 2013 tetrapod OMNH 3709 (Holotype: nearly complete skull), first reported as Tersomius sp. by Bolt (1980), found at Dolese Brothers Limestone quarry
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Doleserpeton annectens n. gen. n. sp.4
Doleserpeton annectens n. gen. n. sp.4 Bolt 1969 tetrapod FMNH UR 1308 (type); "Referred specimens are too numerous to list; all are in the Field Museum"
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Dissorophidae indet.44, cf. Aspidosaurus sp.13, cf. Cacops sp.44, Cacops morrisi n. sp.39, Cacops woehri n. sp.42, Dissorophinae indet.15, Dissorophus cf. multicinctus13
Dissorophidae indet.44 Boulenger 1902 tetrapod OMNH 56870 (palatine); "clearly does not pertain to either Cacops or Acheloma"
cf. Cacops sp.44 Williston 1910 tetrapod OMNH 56868 (femur), 56869 (humerus; "probably but not necessarily the same taxon represented by the femur")
Cacops morrisi n. sp.39 Reisz et al. 2009 tetrapod FMNH 1032, 1033 (both are isolated quadrates), 1034 (palatine); catalogue numbers of other specimens (13 palatines total, 14 quadrates total) are not given; estimation of minimum number of individuals is based on the presence of 14 quadrates
Cacops woehri n. sp.42 Froebisch and Reisz 2012 tetrapod OMNH 73216 (Holotype: partial skull) and BMRP 2007.3.5 (Frobisch et al., 2015)
Dissorophus cf. multicinctus13 Cope 1895 tetrapod ROMVP 80072 (partial, disarticulated posterior skull table and occiput in articulation with a series of osteoderms covering 13 vertebral positions); ROMVP 80073 (partial, articulated posterior skull and occiput in articulation with a series of nine osteoderm positions and clavicle); ROMVP 80074 (anterior shield with corresponding anteriormost internal osteoderm); ROMVP 80075 (anterior shield); ROMVP 80076 (internal osteoderm articulated with fragmentary internal-external pair and partial neural spines); ROMVP 80077 (articulated series of osteoderms with possible interclavicle)
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"Trematopsidae indet." = Trematopidae5, "Acheloma cf. cumminsi" = Acheloma cumminsi44, "Acheloma dunni n. sp." = Acheloma cumminsi31, Acheloma cryptatheria n. sp.30
"Acheloma dunni n. sp." = Acheloma cumminsi31 Cope 1882 tetrapod OMNH 73281, nearly complete skull. BMRP2007.3.4, small trematopid skull; BMRP2007.3.1, trematopid snout; OMNH 52365, jaw articulation; OMNH 73514, pelvic girdle; OMNH 52545, right humerus.
Acheloma cryptatheria n. sp.30 Osterling Arias et al. 2024 tetrapod Holotype: ROMVP 88291, a nearly complete articulated skull within a block of various disarticulated skeletal elements from various other tetrapods.
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Llistrofus pricei n. gen. n. sp.8
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| Chondrichthyes | |
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| unclassified | |
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Arthropoda indet.27 Latreille 1829 cuticle fragments preserved on the palate of acleistorhinid reptiles OMNH 73362 (presumably part of an antenna) and ONMH 73364 (presumably a cercus)
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| Myriapoda | |
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Oklahomasoma richardsspurense n. gen. n. sp.17
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