Full reference: D. L. Frizzell and H. Exline. 1955. Monograph of fossil holothurian sclerites. Bulletin of the Missouri University School of Metallurgy and Mines, Technical series 89:1-204
Parent taxon: Holothuroidea according to K. Krainer and H. Mostler 1997
See also Deflandre-Rigaud 1962, Frizzell and Exline 1966, Mostler 1972, Mostler 1972, Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976 and Wernlund 1977
Sister taxa: Acanthocaudina, Achistrulidae, Alexandritidae, Apodacea, Apodida, Arthrochirota, Arthrochirotida, Aspidochirotacea, Aspidochirotida, Bogschites, Calcancorellidae, Canisiidae, Chiridotitidae, Conisia, Crucivirga, Dactylochirotida, Dendrochirotacea, Dendrochirotida, Elasipodida, Etheridgellidae, Harinellites, Irinella, Kaliobullitidae, Kozurellidae, Kuehnitidae, Laetmophasma, Leptosynapta, Molpadiida, Ocellothuria, Palelpidiidae, Paractinopoda, Placerotapis, Priscopedatidae, Protocaudinidae, Punctatitidae, Rotiformidae, Sclerothurites, Semperitidae, Synaptellidae, Tetravirga, Theeliidae, Thyonidium, Triradites
Subtaxa: Cucumarites Frangerites Jagdipina Praeeuphronides Punctatites Ramusites Rhabdotites Stichopitella Stichopites Syneuphronides Thenuisites Uncinulina Uncinulinoides
Ecology: shallow infaunal detritivore
Distribution:
• Miocene of Poland (2 collections)
• Oligocene of Germany (1)
• Cretaceous of Germany (1)
• Jurassic of Austria (8), Egypt (3), France (5), India (4), Italy (1), Poland (6), the United Kingdom (5)
• Triassic of Austria (8), Germany (1), Hungary (1), Poland (1), Slovakia (7), Slovenia (1)
• Permian of Iran (1), Mexico (1), United States (2: Kansas)
• Carboniferous of Afghanistan (1)
Total: 60 collections including 157 occurrences