Holothuroidea - Aspidochirotida
Full reference: J. F. Brandt. 1835. Prodromus descriptionis animalium ab H. Mertensio in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione observatorum. Animalia Mertensii. Petropoli, Lipsiae 1:1-75
Parent taxon: Holothuroidea according to A. Boczarowski 2001
See also Brandt 1835, Frizzell and Exline 1966, Gilliland 1993, Kerr and Kim 2001, Pawson 1966 and Sepkoski 2002
Sister taxa: Acanthocaudina, Achistrulidae, Alexandritidae, Apodacea, Apodida, Arthrochirota, Arthrochirotida, Aspidochirotacea, Bogschites, Calcancorellidae, Canisiidae, Chiridotitidae, Conisia, Crucivirga, Dactylochirotida, Dendrochirotacea, Dendrochirotida, Elasipodida, Etheridgellidae, Harinellites, Irinella, Kaliobullitidae, Kozurellidae, Kuehnitidae, Laetmophasma, Leptosynapta, Molpadiida, Ocellothuria, Palelpidiidae, Paractinopoda, Placerotapis, Priscopedatidae, Protocaudinidae, Punctatitidae, Rotiformidae, Sclerothurites, Semperitidae, Stichopitidae, Synaptellidae, Tetravirga, Theeliidae, Thyonidium, Triradites
Subtaxa: Bathysynactites Collbatothuria Holothuriidae Holothuropsis Ornaticannula Parvispina Stichopodidae Synallactidae
Ecology: epifaunal deposit feeder-suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of South Pacific (8 collections)
• Cretaceous of Germany (2)
• Jurassic of France (1)
• Triassic of Italy (1), Poland (1), Spain (2)
• Permian of United States (2: Kansas)
• Carboniferous of United States (18: Oklahoma)
• Devonian of Poland (3)
• Ordovician of Sweden (1)
Total: 39 collections including 42 occurrences