Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Full reference: G. Steinmann and L. Döderlein. 1890. Elemente der Palaontologie. 1-848
Parent taxon: Equidae according to M. T. Alberdi et al. 2014
See also Baskin 1991, Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquía-Villafranca 2006, Bravo-Cuevas and Ferrusquia-Villafranca 2008, Dos Santos Avilla et al. 2015, Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. 2014, Forsten 1975, Gidley 1907, Hay 1902, Kelly 1995, Koufos 1992, Lance 1950, MacFadden 1998, Manning and MacFadden 1989, Prado and Alberdi 1996, Prothero and Schoch 1989 and Quinn 1955
Sister taxa: Anchitheriinae, Duchesnehippus, Eohippus, Epihippus, Erihippus, Gobihippus, Hipphaplus, Hyperhippidium, Hypohippidium, Hyracotheriinae, Lophiopus, Minippus, Orohippus, Plesiohipparion, Pliolophus, Protohippinae, Protorohippus, Sifrhippus, Sivalhippus, Xenicohippus
Subtaxa: Acritohippus Calippini Equini Hipparionini Hippodon Hippotheriini Merychippus Protohippini Scaphohippus Stylonus
Ecology: ground dwelling grazer-browser
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Algeria (2 collections), Argentina (58), Austria (1), Azerbaijan (2), Belgium (1), Bolivia (8), Brazil (29), Bulgaria (1), Canada (31: Alberta, British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Chile (24), China (13), the Congo-Kinshasa (4), Costa Rica (1), Croatia (1), Czechia (2), Djibouti (4), Ecuador (17), Egypt (16), El Salvador (2), Eritrea (2), Eswatini (1), Ethiopia (118), France (30), Georgia (3), Germany (31), Greece (31), Guatemala (5), Honduras (3), Hungary (7), India (30), Israel (6), Italy (38), Kazakhstan (3), Kenya (104), Kyrgyzstan (1), Libya (4), Malta (1), Mexico (35), Monaco (2), Mongolia (1), Morocco (10), Namibia (1), the Netherlands (6), Nicaragua (3), Pakistan (2), Panama (1), Peru (14), Portugal (3), Romania (18), the Russian Federation (12), Saudi Arabia (2), South Africa (52), Spain (45), Sudan (6), Syria (2), Taiwan (1), Tajikistan (3), Tanzania (43), Tunisia (1), Turkmenistan (1), Türkiye (3), the United Kingdom (13), United States (446: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming), Uruguay (8), Uzbekistan (1), Venezuela (3), Zambia (4)
• MN 16 of France (1)
• Villafranchian of Greece (8), Hungary (7), Italy (1), Spain (3)
• Blancan of El Salvador (1), Mexico (14), United States (226: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, Texas, Washington)
• Pliocene to Holocene of Malawi (1), Uganda (1)
• Pliocene to Pleistocene of Bulgaria (1), China (1), the Congo-Kinshasa (1), Costa Rica (1), Ethiopia (11), France (2), Greece (1), India (4), Italy (4), Kenya (9), Malawi (3), Nepal (1), the Russian Federation (1), South Africa (4), Spain (2), Tajikistan (1), Türkiye (1), United States (1: Montana), Venezuela (1)
• Pliocene of Argentina (4), Armenia (1), Bulgaria (1), Chad (3), Chile (1), China (17), Egypt (2), Ethiopia (31), Georgia (3), Greece (11), India (4), Italy (2), Kazakhstan (4), Kenya (21), Malawi (3), Mexico (1), Moldova (2), Mongolia (1), Morocco (1), Myanmar (1), Romania (9), the Russian Federation (8), South Africa (6), Spain (11), Tajikistan (5), Tanzania (32), Türkiye (1), Uganda (2), Ukraine (9), United States (16: California, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas)
• MN 13 of China (1), Moldova (3), Portugal (1)
• Turolian of Afghanistan (1), Bulgaria (4), China (5), Greece (21), Kazakhstan (1), Kyrgyzstan (1), the Russian Federation (1), Spain (7), Tajikistan (3), Türkiye (1)
• Hemphillian of Canada (1: Alberta), Costa Rica (1), Honduras (5), Mexico (40), United States (191: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas)
• Baodean of China (1)
• Miocene to Pliocene of Chad (1), Ethiopia (4), Greece (1), Kazakhstan (5), Kenya (4), Mongolia (1), South Africa (6), Tanzania (3), Türkiye (1), Uganda (21), Ukraine (1), United States (28: California, Florida, Montana, Oklahoma)
• Miocene to Pleistocene of Ethiopia (1), the Netherlands (1), South Africa (1)
• Miocene of Algeria (5), Austria (4), Bulgaria (4), Canada (38: Alberta, Saskatchewan), Chad (1), China (24), Costa Rica (1), El Salvador (1), Ethiopia (2), France (4), Georgia (2), Germany (1), Greece (32), Guatemala (1), Honduras (3), Hungary (2), India (3), Iran (1), Iraq (1), Italy (2), Kazakhstan (1), Kenya (6), Kyrgyzstan (4), Lebanon (1), Libya (1), Mexico (9), Moldova (10), Morocco (2), Myanmar (1), Nepal (1), Pakistan (8), Panama (1), Romania (2), the Russian Federation (2), Slovakia (3), South Africa (2), Spain (13), Syria (1), Thailand (2), Tunisia (7), Türkiye (8), Uganda (5), Ukraine (15), the United Arab Emirates (1), United States (889: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming)
• Neogene of Argentina (1), Ukraine (3)
Total: 3402 collections including 4816 occurrences