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Chelonioidea (sea turtle)
Taxonomy
Chelonioidea was named by Baur (1893) [also said to be Agassiz 1857]. It is extant. Its type is Cheloniidae. It was considered monophyletic by Kear (2006), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012).
It was replaced with Chelonioidae by Hay (1930); it was corrected as Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Hirayama and Hikida (1998), Parham (2005), Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche (2017); it was reranked as the unranked clade Chelonioidea by Parham and Pyenson (2010); it was misspelled as Chelonoidea by Zangerl (1960), Kuhn (1966), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), de la Fuente et al. (1995), Karl (1996), Hirayama (1998), Karl and Tichy (1999), Joyce et al. (2004), Kear (2006), Parmley et al. (2006), Karl and Tichy (2007), Danilov and Parham (2008), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012), van Dijk et al. (2014), Cadena and Parham (2015), Rhodin et al. (2017), Cadena et al. (2018), Myers et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Eucryptodira by Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Hirayama (1998); to Testudines by Kear (2006); to Polycryptodira by Hirayama and Hikida (1998), Karl and Tichy (2007); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Panchelonioidea by Parham and Pyenson (2010); to Cryptodira by Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012); to Pancryptodira by Cadena and Parham (2015); to Cryptodira by Parham (2005), Cadena et al. (2018); and to Cryptodira by Baur (1893), Wieland (1909), Zangerl (1960), Kuhn (1966), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), de la Fuente et al. (1995), Karl (1996), Karl and Tichy (1999), Joyce et al. (2004), Parmley et al. (2006), van Dijk et al. (2014), Rhodin et al. (2017), Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche (2017), Myers et al. (2018).
It was replaced with Chelonioidae by Hay (1930); it was corrected as Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Hirayama and Hikida (1998), Parham (2005), Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche (2017); it was reranked as the unranked clade Chelonioidea by Parham and Pyenson (2010); it was misspelled as Chelonoidea by Zangerl (1960), Kuhn (1966), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), de la Fuente et al. (1995), Karl (1996), Hirayama (1998), Karl and Tichy (1999), Joyce et al. (2004), Kear (2006), Parmley et al. (2006), Karl and Tichy (2007), Danilov and Parham (2008), Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012), van Dijk et al. (2014), Cadena and Parham (2015), Rhodin et al. (2017), Cadena et al. (2018), Myers et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Eucryptodira by Gaffney (1975), Gaffney (1975), Hirayama (1998); to Testudines by Kear (2006); to Polycryptodira by Hirayama and Hikida (1998), Karl and Tichy (2007); to Durocryptodira by Danilov and Parham (2008); to Panchelonioidea by Parham and Pyenson (2010); to Cryptodira by Karl et al. (2012), Karl et al. (2012), Karl and Nyhuis (2012); to Pancryptodira by Cadena and Parham (2015); to Cryptodira by Parham (2005), Cadena et al. (2018); and to Cryptodira by Baur (1893), Wieland (1909), Zangerl (1960), Kuhn (1966), Nicholls (1988), Carroll (1988), de la Fuente et al. (1995), Karl (1996), Karl and Tichy (1999), Joyce et al. (2004), Parmley et al. (2006), van Dijk et al. (2014), Rhodin et al. (2017), Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche (2017), Myers et al. (2018).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1890 | Pliochelys Portis |
| 1890 | Progonosaurus Portis p. 25 |
| 1893 | Chelonioidea Baur p. 673 |
| 1909 | Chelonioidea Wieland p. 102 |
| 1960 | Chelonoidea Zangerl p. 285 |
| 1966 | Chelonioidea Kuhn p. 27 |
| 1975 | Chelonoidea Gaffney p. 4 |
| 1988 | Chelonioidea Carroll |
| 1988 | Chelonioidea Nicholls p. 185 |
| 1995 | Chelonioidea de la Fuente et al. |
| 1996 | Chelonioidea Karl |
| 1998 | Chelonioidea Hirayama |
| 1998 | Chelonoidea Hirayama and Hikida p. 70 |
| 1999 | Chelonioidea Karl and Tichy p. 63 |
| 2004 | Chelonioidea Joyce et al. |
| 2005 | Chelonoidea Parham p. 75 |
| 2006 | Chelonioidea Kear |
| 2006 | Chelonioidea Parmley et al. p. 344 |
| 2007 | Chelonioidea Karl and Tichy |
| 2008 | Chelonioidea Danilov and Parham |
| 2010 | Chelonioidea Parham and Pyenson p. 232 |
| 2012 | Chelonioidea Karl et al. |
| 2012 | Chelonioidea Karl and Nyhuis |
| 2014 | Chelonioidea van Dijk et al. |
| 2015 | Chelonioidea Cadena and Parham p. 3 |
| 2017 | Chelonoidea Haidr and Acosta Hospitaleche p. 2 |
| 2017 | Chelonioidea Rhodin et al. |
| 2018 | Chelonioidea Cadena et al. |
| 2018 | Chelonioidea Myers et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Chelonioidea Baur 1893 [sea turtle]
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Fm. Cheloniidae Bonaparte 1832
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Subfm. †Allopleuroninae
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G. †Allopleuron Baur 1888
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†Allopleuron hoffmanni Gray 1831
†Allopleuron lipsiensis Karl 2007
†Allopleuron qazaqstanense Karl et al. 2012
Subfm. Carettinae Gray 1825
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G. Caretta Rafinesque 1814 [loggerhead]
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Caretta caretta Linnaeus 1758 [loggerhead sea turtle]
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Invalid names: Caouana elongata Gray 1844 [synonym], Caretta atra Merrem 1820 [synonym], Caretta gigas Deraniyagala 1933 [synonym], Caretta nasuta Rafinesque 1814 [synonym], Chelonia pelasgica Bibron and Bory de Saint-Vincent 1833 [synonym], Chelonia pelasgorum Valenciennes in Bory de Saint-Vincent 1833 [synonym], Testudo caouana Lacepède 1788 [synonym], Testudo cephalo Schneider 1783 [synonym], Testudo corianna Gray 1831 [synonym], Testudo lauanna Meyer 1790 [synonym], Testudo marina Garsault 1764 [synonym], Testudo nasicornis Lacepède 1788 [synonym], Thalassochelys corticata Girard 1858 [synonym]
†Caretta patriciae Zug 2001
Invalid names: Caouana Cocteau and Bibron 1838 [synonym], Halichelys Fitzinger 1843 [synonym], Thalassochelys Fitzinger 1835 [synonym]
G. Eretmochelys Fitzinger 1843
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Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1766 [hawksbill turtle]
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Invalid names: Caretta bissa Ruppell 1835 [synonym], Caretta rostrata Girard 1858 [synonym], Caretta squamosa Girard 1858 [synonym], Chelonia pseudocaretta Lesson 1831 [synonym], Chelonia pseudomydas Lesson 1831 [synonym], Chelonia radiata Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Eretmochelys squamata Agassiz 1857 [synonym], Onychochelys kraussi Gray 1873 [synonym]
Invalid names: Herpysmostes Gistel 1868 [synonym], Onychochelys Gray 1873 [synonym]
G. Chelone Linnaeus 1758
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†Chelone costata Owen 1853
†Chelone girundica Delfortrie 1869
†Chelone jessoni Lydekker 1889
†Chelone vanbenedeni Smets 1886
Subfm. Cheloniinae Oppel 1811
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G. Chelonia Brongniart 1800 [green sea turtle]
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†Chelonia cuvieri Gray 1831
†Chelonia girundica Delfortrie 1869
†Chelonia gwinneri Wegner 1917
†Chelonia harvicensis Woodward 1830
†Chelonia hofmanni Gray 1831
Chelonia mydas Linnaeus 1758 [green turtle]
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Invalid names: Caretta cepedii Merrem 1820 [synonym], Caretta esculenta Merrem 1820 [synonym], Caretta thunbergii Merrem 1820 [synonym], Chelonia agassizii Bocourt 1868 [synonym], Chelonia albiventer Nardo 1864 [synonym], Chelonia bicarinata Lesson 1831 [synonym], Chelonia formosa Girard 1858 [synonym], Chelonia grisea Eschscholtz 1829 [synonym], Chelonia lachrymata Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Chelonia lata Philippi 1887 [synonym], Chelonia maculosa Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Chelonia marmorata Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Chelonia tenuis Girard 1858 [synonym], Chelonia virgata Schweigger 1812 [synonym], Testudo cepediana Daudin 1801 [synonym], Testudo chloronotus Bechstein 1800 [synonym], Testudo japonica Thunberg 1787 [synonym], Testudo macropus Gmelin 1789 [synonym], Testudo viridis Schneider 1783 [synonym]
†Chelonia oligocena Ciobanu 1977
†Chelonia parvitecta Cope 1870
Invalid names: Chelona Brongniart 1805 [synonym], Chelonia castanea Eschscholtz 1829 [nomen oblitum], Euchelys Girard 1858 [synonym], Megemys Gistel 1848 [synonym], Mydasea Gervais 1843 [synonym]
Tr. Cheloniini Zangerl and Turnball 1955
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G. Natator McCulloch 1908
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Natator depressus Garman 1880 [Flatback turtle]
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Invalid names: Natator tessellatus McCulloch 1908 [synonym]
Tr. †Rupelchelyini Karl and Tichy 1999
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Invalid names: Carettini Zangerl and Turnbull 1955 [empty]
G. †Chelyopsis Smets 1887
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†Chelyopsis halleri Karl 1989
†Chelyopsis holsaticus Dames 1894
†Chelyopsis littoreus Van Beneden 1886
†Chelyopsis raabei Karl and Schleich 1994
G. †Eochelone Dollo 1903
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†Eochelone athersuchi Moody 1980
†Eochelone brabantica Dollo 1903
†Eochelone monstigris Grant-Mackie et al. 2011
†Eochelone voltregana de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2018
G. †Erquelinnesia Dollo 1887
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†Erquelinnesia gosseleti Dollo 1886
†Erquelinnesia planimenta Owen 1841
G. Lepidochelys Fitzinger 1843 [Ridley sea turtle]
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Lepidochelys kempii Garman 1880 [Kemp's Ridley turtle]
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Invalid names: Testudo viridisquamosa Lacepède 1788 [synonym]
Lepidochelys olivacea Eschscholtz 1829
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Invalid names: Caretta remivaga Hay 1908 [synonym], Cephalochelys oceanica Gray 1873 [synonym], Chelonia dussumierii Dumeril and Bibron 1835 [synonym], Thalassochelys controversa Philippi 1899 [synonym], Thalassochelys tarapacona Philippi 1887 [synonym]
Invalid names: Caouana ruppellii Gray 1844 [nomen nudum], Cephalochelys Gray 1873 [synonym], Chelonia dubia Bleeker in Gray 1864 [nomen nudum], Chelonia polyaspis Bleeker 1857 [nomen nudum], Testudo bomarii Meyer 1790 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Lytoloma Cope 1870
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†Lytoloma bruxelliensis Dollo 1909
†Lytoloma cantabrigiense Lydekker 1889
†Lytoloma crassa Bergounioux 1952
†Lytoloma elegans Bergounioux 1952
Lytoloma jeanesii Cope 1870
†Lytoloma wemmeliensis Dollo 1909
G. †Osonachelus de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
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†Osonachelus decorata de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
G. †Pacifichelys Parham and Pyenson 2010
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†Pacifichelys hutchisoni Lynch and Parham 2003
†Pacifichelys urbinai Parham and Pyenson 2010
G. †Procolpochelys Hay 1908
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†Procolpochelys charlestonensis Weems and Sanders 2014
†Procolpochelys grandaeva Leidy 1861
†Procolpochelys susensis Shikama and Suyama 1976
G. †Puppigerus Cope 1870
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†Puppigerus breviceps Owen 1841
†Puppigerus camperi Gray 1831
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Invalid names: Lytoloma trigoniceps Owen 1849 [synonym], Puppigerus longiceps Owen 1841 [synonym], Puppigerus nessovi Averianov 2005 [synonym]
†Puppigerus grandaevus Leidy 1861
†Puppigerus parvisecta Cope 1870
Invalid names: Eochelys Moody 1968 [objective synonym]
Subfm. †Syllominae
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G. †Syllomus Cope 1896
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†Syllomus aegyptiacus Lydekker 1899
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Invalid names: Chelonia marylandica Collins and Lynn 1936 [synonym], Peritresius virginianus Berry and Lynn 1936 [synonym]
†Syllomus crispatus Cope 1896
G. †Tasbacka Nesov 1986
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†Tasbacka aldabergeni Nessov 1987
†Tasbacka danica Karl and Madsen 2012
†Tasbacka ouledabdounensis Tong and Hirayama 2002
†Tasbacka ruhoffi Weems 1988
†Tasbacka salisburgensis Karl 1996
G. †Trachyaspis von Meyer 1843
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†Trachyaspis aegyptiaca Lydekker 1889
Trachyaspis bellunensis Dal Piaz 1916
†Trachyaspis hantoniensis Lydekker 1889
†Trachyaspis lardyi Meyer 1873
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Invalid names: Testudo varicosa Costa 1851 [synonym], Trionyx bellunensis Misuri 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trionyx melitensis Lydekker 1891 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Chelone acuticostata Bergounioux 1954 [nomen vanum], Chelone bellunensis Bergounioux 1954 [nomen vanum], Chelone gastaldii Portis 1879 [nomen vanum], Chelone murua de Vis 1905 [nomen dubium], Chelone simonellii Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Chelone sismondai Portis 1879 [nomen vanum], Chelone sordellii Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Chelone strobeli Porta 1898 [nomen vanum], Eocheloniinae [empty], Eochelyinae Moody 1967 [empty], Eretmochelyinae Deranyiagala 1953 [empty], Pliochelys derelicta Portis 1890 [nomen vanum], Progonosaurus pertinax Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
Fm. Dermochelyidae Lydekker 1889 [leatherback]
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G. Dermochelys de Blainville 1816 [Leatherback sea turtle]
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Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761 [Leatherback sea turtle]
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Invalid names: Chelonias lutaria Rafinesque 1814 [synonym], Dermatochelys porcata Wagler 1830 [synonym], Sphargis angusta Philippi 1899 [synonym], Sphargis mercurialis Merrem 1820 [synonym], Testudo arcuata Catesby 1771 [synonym], Testudo lyra Lacepede 1788 [synonym], Testudo tuberculata Pennant in Schoepff 1801 [synonym]
Invalid names: Chelonias Rafinesque 1814 [nomen oblitum], Chelyra Rafinesque 1832 [synonym], Chelyra Rafinesque 1815 [nomen nudum], Coriudo Fleming 1822 [objective synonym], Dermatochelys Wagler 1830 [synonym], Dermochelis Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Dermochelis atlantica LeSueur in Cuvier 1829 [nomen nudum], Scytina Wagler 1828 [synonym], Sphargis Merrem [synonym]
G. †Egyptemys Wood et al. 1996
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†Egyptemys eocaenus Andrews 1901
†Egyptemys oregonensis Packard 1940
G. †Eosphargis Lydekker 1889
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†Eosphargis breineri Nielsen 1959
†Eosphargis insularis Cope 1872
Invalid names: Anglocetus Tarlo 1963 [synonym]
G. †Mesodermochelys Hirayama and Chitoku 1996
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†Mesodermochelys undulatus Hirayama and Chitoku 1996
G. †Psephophorus von Meyer 1847
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†Psephophorus polygonus von Meyer 1847
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Invalid names: Psephophorus calvertensis Palmer 1909 [synonym]
†Psephophorus pseudostracion Gervais 1849
†Psephophorus rupeliensis Van Beneden 1883
†Psephophorus scaldii van Beneden 1871
†Psephophorus terrypratchetti Köhler 1995
Invalid names: Chelonia californiensis Gilmore 1937 [invalid subgroup], Psephophoridae Goette 1899 [synonym], Sphargidae Gray 1825 [synonym]
Unr. †Dermochelyoidae Williams 1950
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G. †Alienochelys de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
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†Alienochelys selloumi de Lapparent de Broin et al. 2014
G. †Corsochelys Zangerl 1960
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†Corsochelys bentleyi Schwimmer et al. 2015
†Corsochelys halinches Zangerl 1960
Fm. †Desmatochelyidae Williston 1894
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G. †Atlantochelys Agassiz 1849
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†Atlantochelys mortoni Agassiz 1849
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Invalid names: Protostega neptunia Cope 1872 [objective synonym]
G. †Leviathanochelys Castillo-Visa et al. 2022
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†Leviathanochelys aenigmatica Castillo-Visa et al. 2022
Fm. †Protostegidae Cope 1873
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G. †Desmatochelys Williston 1894
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†Desmatochelys lowii Williston 1894
†Desmatochelys padillai Cadena and Parham 2015
G. †Notochelone Lydekker 1889
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†Notochelone costata Owen 1882
Invalid names: Notochelys Owen 1882 [replaced]
G. †Protostega Cope 1871
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†Protostega eaglefordensis Zangerl 1953
†Protostega gigas Cope 1871
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Invalid names: Protostega dixie Zangerl 1953 [synonym], Protostega potens Hay 1908 [synonym]
Subfm. †Protosteginae Wieland
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G. †Rhinochelys Seeley 1869
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†Rhinochelys amaberti Moret 1935
†Rhinochelys cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1889
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Invalid names: Rhinochelys cardiocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys dayi Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys eurycephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys jessoni Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys platyrhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys rheporhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys sphenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
†Rhinochelys elegans Lydekker 1889
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Invalid names: Rhinochelys brachyrhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys macrorhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys mastocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys stenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
†Rhinochelys nammourensis Tong et al. 2006
G. †Terlinguachelys Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
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†Terlinguachelys fischbecki Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
Fm. †Toxochelyidae Baur 1895
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Subfm. †Lophochelyinae Zangerl 1953
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G. †Lophochelys Zangerl 1953
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†Lophochelys natatrix Zangerl 1953
†Lophochelys niobrarae Zangerl 1953
†Lophochelys venatrix Zangerl 1953
G. †Neurochelys Moody 1980
Subfm. †Macrobaeninae Nessov 1984
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Subfm. †Toxochelyinae Zangerl 1953
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Invalid names: Glyptops belviderensis Cragin 1902 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Pandermochelys Joyce 2004 [empty], Pliochelys Portis 1890 [nomen vanum], Progonosaurus Portis 1890 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available