PBDB Taxon

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Bisonocerida

Cephalopoda - Bisonocerida

Taxonomy

Bisonocerida was named by Evans and King (2012).

It was corrected as Bisonoceratida by King and Evans (2019).

It was assigned to Nautiloidea by Evans and King (2012); to Multiceratia by King and Evans (2019); and to Endoceratoidea by Pohle et al. (2022).

Subtaxa

Allotrioceratidae, Bisonoceratidae, Chihlioceratidae, Coreanoceratidae, Emmonsoceratidae, Humeoceratidae, Manchuroceratidae, Padunoceratidae, Piloceratidae, Proterovaginoceratidae, Sinoendoceratidae

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
2012	Bisonocerida Evans and King
2019	Bisonoceratida King and Evans p. 76
2022	Bisonocerida Pohle et al. p. 21

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa

Rank	Name	Author
phylum	Mollusca
class	Cephalopoda	Cuvier 1797
subclass	Endoceratoidea	Teichert 1933
order	Bisonocerida
order	Bisonocerida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. †Bisonocerida Evans and King 2012

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Fm. †Allotrioceratidae Flower 1955

G. †Allotrioceras Flower 1955

†Allotrioceras bifurcatum Flower 1955

G. †Cacheoceras Flower 1968

†Cacheoceras trifidum Flower 1968

G. †Mirabiloceras Flower 1955

†Mirabiloceras multitubulatum Flower 1955

G. †Williamsoceras Flower 1964

†Williamsoceras adnatum Flower 1964

Fm. †Bisonoceratidae Evans and King 2012

G. †Bisonoceras Flower 1964

†Bisonoceras corniforme Flower 1964

†Bisonoceras hornei Ulrich et al. 1943

G. †Disphenoceras Flower 1964

†Disphenoceras conicum Flower 1964

G. †Parapiloceras Obata 1939

Fm. †Chihlioceratidae Grabau 1922

G. †Chihlioceras Grabau 1922

Fm. †Coreanoceratidae Chen 1976

G. †Coreanoceras Kobayashi 1931

Fm. †Emmonsoceratidae Flower 1958

G. †Emmonsoceras Flower 1958

Invalid names: Hudsonoceras Flower 1955 [replaced]

G. †Juaboceras Flower 1968

†Juaboceras brathwaitei Flower 1968

G. †Tallinnoceras Balashov 1960

Fm. †Humeoceratidae Teichert et al. 1964

G. †Humeoceras Foerste 1925

Fm. †Manchuroceratidae Kobayashi 1935

G. †Chaohuceras Qi 1980

G. †Manchuroceras Ozaki 1927

†Manchuroceras lemonei Hook and Flower 1977

†Manchuroceras nakamense Stait and Burrett 1984

Invalid names: Grabauoceras Shimizu and Obata 1936 [synonym]

Fm. †Padunoceratidae Balashov 1960

G. †Padunoceras Balashov 1960

G. †Rossoceras Flower 1964

†Rossoceras lamelliferum Flower 1964

Fm. †Piloceratidae Miller 1889

G. †Allopiloceras Ulrich and Foerste 1936

†Allopiloceras affine Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras baylorense Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras bealachense Evans 2011

†Allopiloceras breve Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras canadense Billings 1860

†Allopiloceras coarctum Foerste 1938

†Allopiloceras compressum Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras erectum Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras lonachonense Evans 2011

†Allopiloceras sevierense Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras subrectum Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras subunguliforme Ulrich et al. 1943

†Allopiloceras tennesseense Ulrich and Foerste 1936

†Allopiloceras unguliforme Ulrich et al. 1943

G. †Augeoceras Evans 2011

†Augeoceras gracile Evans 2011

G. †Cassinoceras Ulrich and Foerste 1936

†Cassinoceras amplum Dawson 1881

†Cassinoceras magister Foerste 1938

†Cassinoceras triton Billings 1865

†Cassinoceras wortheni Billings 1865

G. †Dartonoceras Flower 1964

†Dartonoceras gracile Flower 1964

G. †Expandocassinoceras Evans 2011

†Expandocassinoceras arkansasense Ulrich et al. 1943

†Expandocassinoceras grande Ulrich and Foerste 1943

G. †Liaotungoceras Shimizu and Obata 1936

†Liaotungoceras manchuriense Endo 1932

G. †Penhsioceras Endo 1932

G. †Piloceras Salter 1859

†Piloceras acinaces Ulrich and Foerste 1938

†Piloceras gracile Billings 1865

†Piloceras invaginatum Salter in Murchison 1859

†Piloceras saffordi Ulrich et al. 1943

G. †Subpenhsioceras Shimizu and Obata 1936

G. †Utoceras Ulrich et al. 1943

†Utoceras coloradense Ulrich et al. 1943

†Utoceras gleneyriense Ulrich et al. 1943

Fm. †Proterovaginoceratidae Evans and King 2012

G. †Chazyoceras Flower 1958

†Chazyoceras valcourense Flower 1958

G. †Perkinsoceras Flower 1976

†Perkinsoceras foerstei Flower 1976

†Perkinsoceras inflatum Flower 1976

G. †Proterovaginoceras Ruedemann 1905

†Proterovaginoceras belemnitiforme Holm 1885

†Proterovaginoceras incognitum Schröder 1882

Invalid names: Dideroceras amplum Balashov 1968 [synonym], Dideroceras brevispiculum Balashov 1968 [synonym], Dideroceras longispicum Balashov 1968 [synonym], Dideroceras pribalticum Balashov 1968 [synonym], Orthoceras duplex Wahlenberg 1821 [synonym], Schmidtoceras estonicum Balashov 1968 [synonym], Schmidtoceras kundense Balashov 1968 [synonym], Vaginoceras endoseptum Chang 1957 [synonym]

Invalid names: Schmidtoceras Balashov 1968 [synonym]

Invalid names: Sinoendoceratidae Lai 1985 [empty]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
D. H. Evans and A. H. King 2012	Conchs of early forms strongly to weakly cyrto-breviconic, markedly compressed or depressed in section; later forms approaching orthoconic longicones, with depressed or subcircular section. External conch poorly known, but apparently smooth. Siphuncle broad, ventral in position, with holochoanitic or macrochoanitic septal necks. Endosiphuncle characteristically complex, with one or more crests present, which in advanced forms extend considerably into the siphuncle and bifurcate; endocones correspondingly complex, thicker around crests and often extending further adorally, ventrally or dorsally; endosiphoblades typically occur as narrowly to widely-arched pairs located between different areas of endocone growth, often forming infula containing several endosiphuncle tubes. Apical end of siphuncle swollen, producing a ‘pre-septal cone’ in some forms.