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Monocotyledoneae

Angiospermae

Taxonomy
Monocotyledones was named as an unranked clade.

It was reranked as the subclass Monocotyledones by Knowlton (1919) and Knowlton (1926); it was reranked as the class Monocotyledones by Chandler (1978); it was reranked as the class Monocotyledonae by Shoshani et al. (1989); it was synonymized subjectively with Monocots by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016); it was reranked as the subclass Monocotyledoneae by Stockmans (1936), Chandler (1961), Ozaki (1974), Hickey (1977), Mabberley (2000), Jud (2011) and Puebla et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Angiospermae by Knowlton (1919) and Knowlton (1926); to Anthophyta by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Magnoliopsida by Jud (2011); and to Angiospermae by Stockmans (1936), MacGinitie (1941), Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Ozaki (1974), Hickey (1977), Chandler (1978), Mabberley (2000) and Puebla et al. (2019).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1919Monocotyledones Knowlton
1926Monocotyledones Knowlton
1936Monocotyledoneae Stockmans p. 26
1941Monocotyledones MacGinitie
1961Monocotyledoneae Chandler p. 62
1962Monocotyledones Chandler p. 158
1963Monocotyledones Chandler p. 60
1964Monocotyledones Chandler p. 97
1974Triloculaire Chitaley and Patel
1974Monocotyledoneae Ozaki
1977Monocotyledoneae Hickey
1978Monocotyledones Chandler p. 14
1985Monocotylorhizos Yawale and Sakundarwar
1988Triloculocarpon Kapgate and Sheikh
1989Monocotyledonae Shoshani et al. p. 434
2000Monocotyledoneae Mabberley
2003Monocotyledonae Sims
2011Monocotyledoneae Jud
2019Monocotyledoneae Puebla et al. p. 3

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomPlantae
phylumSpermatophyta
classAngiospermae
RankNameAuthor
subclassMonocotyledoneae
subclassMonocotyledoneae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Or. †Alismales
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Fm. †Alismaceae
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G. Alisma Linnaeus 1753 [water-plantain]
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Alisma cordifolia Linnaeus 1753
Alisma damasonium Linnaeus 1753
Alisma flava Linnaeus 1753
Alisma natans Linnaeus 1753
Alisma plantago Linnaeus 1753
Alisma rannunculoides Linnaeus 1753
Alisma subulata Linnaeus 1753
G. †Alismacites Saporta 1862
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†Alismacites dakotensis Lesquereux 1891
†Alismacites lancifolius Saporta 1862
G. †Alismaphyllites Knowlton 1917
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G. †Alismaphyllum Berry 1911
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G. †Radimskya Ettingshausen 1890
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†Radimskya trinervia Ettingshausen 1890
G. Sagittaria Linnaeus 1753
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†Sagittaria megasperma Brown 1962
†Sagittaria pulchella Heer 1869
Or. Alismatales Brown 1820
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Fm. †Alismataceae Ventenat 1799
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G. †Alismataceaepites Biswas 1962
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G. †Sagisma Nikitin 1965
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†Sagisma turgida Nikitin 1965
Fm. †Cymodoceaceae Taylor 1895
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G. Amphibolis Agardh 1823
+
+
Cymodocea aequorea Konig 1805
Cymodocea angustata Ostenfeld 1916
†Cymodocea floridana Lumbert et al. 1984
Cymodocea maior Cavolini 1792
†Cymodocea maior altior Ruggieri 1952
†Cymodocea nodosa Bronignart 1822
Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenb and Hempr 1870
Cymodocea serrulata Aschers and Magnus 1870
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Invalid names: Corallinites micheloti Watelet 1866 [synonym]
G. Halodule Endlicher 1841
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Halodule beaudettei den Hartog 1964
Halodule bermudensis den Hartog 1964
Halodule ciliata den Hartog 1964
Halodule tridentata Steinheil 1838
Halodule uninvervis Aschers 1882
Halodule wrightii Aschers 1868
G. Syringodium Kutzing 1860
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Syringodium filiforme Kutzing 1860
G. †Thalassodendron den Hartog 1970
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†Thalassodendron auriculaleporis Lumbert et al. 1984
Fm. Hydrocharitaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Elodea Michaux 1803 [waterweed]
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Elodea canadensis Michaux 1803
G. Enhalus Richard 1812
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Enhalus acoroides Linnaeus 1840
Enhalus koenigi Richard 1812
G. †Eotrapa Miki 1961
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†Eotrapa tetrasepalum Miki 1959
G. Halophila Thouars 1806
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Halophila baillonis Ascherson 1874
Halophila beccarii Axcherson 1871
Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld 1902
Halophila engelmanni Ascherson 1875
Halophila ovalis Tasman 1858
Halophila ovata Gaud 1827
Halophila spinulosa Ascherson 1875
Halophila stipulacea Ascherson 1867
G. Hydrocharis Linnaeus
G. †Hydrocharites Weber 1855
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G. Ottelia Persoon 1805
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†Ottelia americana Lesquereux 1874
G. Stratiotes Linnaeus 1753
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†Stratiotes acuticostatus Chandler 1963
Stratiotes alismoides Linnaeus 1753
Stratiotes aloides Linnaeus 1753
†Stratiotes hantonensis Chandler 1960
†Stratiotes minutissimus Chandler 1963
G. †Stratiotites Heer 1855
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†Stratiotites najadum Heer 1855
G. †Thalassia Banks
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†Thalassia testudinum Banks 1805
G. †Thalassites Benzecry and Brack-Hanes 2008
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†Thalassites parkavonenses Benzecry and Brack-Hanes 2008
Invalid names: Halophiloideae [empty], Thalassioideae [empty], Vallisnerioideae [empty]
Fm. †Juncaginaceae Richard 1808
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G. †Laharpia Heer 1859
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†Laharpia umbellata Heer 1859
G. †Lamprocarpites Heer 1882
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G. Triglochin Linnaeus 1753 [arrowgrass]
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Triglochin maritima Linnaeus 1753
Triglochin palustris Linnaeus 1753
G. †Pennipollis Friis 2000
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†Pennipollis peroreticulatus Friis et al. 2000
†Pennipollis reticulatus Friis et al. 2010
Fm. Posidoniaceae Hutchinson 1895
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G. †Posidocea Gregor 1991
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†Posidocea frickhingeri Gregor 1991
G. Posidonia Konig 1805
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Posidonia caulini Konig 1805
†Posidonia cretacea Hosius and Von der Marck 1880
Posidonia oceanica Linnaeus 1758
Posidonia ostenfeldii den Hartog 1970
Invalid names: Caulinites Brongniart 1828 [synonym]
Fm. Potamogetonaceae Reichenbach 1823 [pondweed]
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G. †Baibiancarpus Gandolfo et al. 2009
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†Baibiancarpus chubutensis Gandolfo et al. 2009
G. †Palaeopotamogeton Knowlton 1916
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G. Potamogeton Linnaeus 1753
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Potamogeton compressum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton crispum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton densum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton gramineum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton lucens Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton marinum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton natans Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton parva Brown 1940
Potamogeton pectinatus Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton pusillus Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton pygmaeus Chandler 1925
Potamogeton rutilus Wolfgang 1885
Potamogeton serratum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton setaceum Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton verticillatus Lesquereux 1883
G. †Potamogetonaceaepites Biswas 1962
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G. †Potamogetonacecarpum Walther 1967
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G. †Potamogetophyllum Fontaine 1905
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Fm. Ruppiaceae Horaninow 1834 [widgeonweed]
+
G. Ruppia Linnaeus 1753
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Ruppia maritima Linnaeus 1758
G. †Thalassocharis Debey 1850
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Fm. †Zannichelliaceae Chevallier
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G. Lepilaena Drummond 1855
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Lepilaena australis Drummond 1855
G. Zannichellia Linnaeus 1753 [horned pondweed]
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Zannichellia palustris Linnaeus 1753
Fm. Zosteraceae Dumortier 1829
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G. †Archaeozostera Koriba and Miki 1931
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†Archaeozostera aungustifolia Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera brevifolia Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera longifolia Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera minor Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera pinnata Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera simplex Koriba and Miki 1931
Invalid names: Archeozostera Koriba and Miki 1958 [objective synonym]
G. Phyllospadix Hooker 1838
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Invalid names: Aponogetonaceae Agardh 1856 [empty], Butomaceae de Mirbel 1804 [empty], Maundiaceae Nakai [empty], Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi 1830 [empty], Tofieldiaceae Takhtajan 1995 [empty]
Or. †Arales
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Fm. Lemnaceae Gray [duckweed]
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G. Lemna Linnaeus 1753 [duckweed]
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†Lemna bullata Lesquereux 1875
†Lemna scutata Dawson 1875
G. †Lemnaceaepites Biswas 1962
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†Lemnaceaepites austinii Biswas 1962
G. †Limnobiophyllum Krassilov 1976
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†Limnobiophyllum scutatum Dawson 1875
G. Spirodela Schleiden 1839
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†Spirodela penicillata Lesquereux 1883
Subcl. †Arecidae
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Invalid names: Cyclanthales [empty]
G. Arundo Linnaeus 1753
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Arundo arenaria Linnaeus 1753
Arundo bambos Linnaeus 1753
Arundo calamagrostis Linnaeus 1753
Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753
Arundo epigejos Linnaeus 1753
†Arundo goepperti Münster 1871
†Arundo groenlandica Heer 1874
†Arundo obtusa Lesquereux 1875
Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753
†Arundo pseudogoepperti Berry 1914
†Arundo reperta Lesquereux 1875
Fm. Commelinacea Linnaeus 1758
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G. Pollia Thunb 1781
Subcl. †Commelinidae
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Or. †Typhales
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Fm. †Sparganiaceae Hanin
+
G. †Sparganilithes Woodward 1879
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†Sparganilithes gemmatus Woodward 1879
G. †Sparganiocarpus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1929
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†Sparganiocarpus terminalis Velenovsky and Viniklar 1929
G. Sparganium Linnaeus 1753 [bur-reed]
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†Sparganium antiquum Berry 1924
†Sparganium parvum Hickey 1977
†Sparganium stygium Heer 1855
Invalid names: Cyperales [empty], Eriocaulales Mabberley 2000 [empty], Hydatellales [empty], Juncales [empty], Restionales [empty]
G. †Deccananthus Chitaley and Kate 1974
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†Deccananthus savitrii Chitaley and Kate 1974
G. †Doryanthites Berry 1914
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†Doryanthites cretacea Berry 1914
G. †Dracaenites Saporta 1861
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†Dracaenites sepultus Saporta 1861
G. †Festucophyllites Patil and Singh 1984
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†Festucophyllites intertrappeaense Patil and Singh 1984
G. †Florentinites Spegazzini 1924
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†Florentinites arcuta Spegazzini 1924
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G. †Alternicutis Schneider 1969
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†Alternicutis gibba Schneider 1969
Or. †Graminales
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G. †Levicutis Roselt and Schneider 1969
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†Levicutis complitata Roselt and Schneider 1969
G. †Poodeites Straus 1969
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†Poodeites hercynicus Straus 1969
G. †Halocharis Miquel 1853
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†Halocharis longifolia Miquel 1853
Or. †Helobiae
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G. †Frimmersdorfia Weyland 1959
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†Frimmersdorfia natans Weyland 1959
G. †Marcoduria Weyland 1957
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†Marcoduria inopinata Weyland 1957
G. †Wackersdorfia Peters 1963
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†Wackersdorfia dubia Peters 1963
G. †Hypoglossidium Heer 1874
+
G. †Isselia Squinabol 1891
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†Isselia primaeva Squinabol 1891
Subcl. †Liliidae
+
+
Invalid names: Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes [empty], Taccaceae von Berchtold and Presl [empty]
Invalid names: Orchidales [empty], Velloziales [empty]
G. †Microrrhagion Ettingshausen 1883
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†Microrrhagion liversidgei Ettingshausen 1883
G. †Monocotylophyllum Reid and Chandler 1926
G. †Monocotylostrobus Lakhanpal et al. 1982
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†Monocotylostrobus bracteatus Lakhanpal et al. 1982
G. †Monoporites Cookson 1947
+
†Monoporites annulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Monoporites annuloides González-Guzmán 1967
†Monoporites subreticulata Cookson 1947
G. †Monosulcites Cookson and Couper 1953
+
†Monosulcites borassioides Dutta and Sah 1970
†Monosulcites chaloneri Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites couperi Sukh-Dev 1961
†Monosulcites epakros Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites glottus Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites granulatus Couper 1960
†Monosulcites kashmiriensis Ghosh and Lukose 1967
†Monosulcites magnosagenatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Monosulcites magnus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Monosulcites major Kemp 1970
†Monosulcites maxima Cookson 1947
†Monosulcites minima Cookson 1947
†Monosulcites minimus Cookson 1947
†Monosulcites neyveliense Ramanujam 1966
†Monosulcites ovatus Sah and Kar 1970
†Monosulcites parvus Potonié and Sah 1960
†Monosulcites perspinosus Couper 1953
†Monosulcites planus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Monosulcites scabrus Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites spinosus Brenner 1963
+
Fm. †Najadaceae de Jussieu
+
G. †Najadonium Ettingshausen 1872
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†Najadonium longifolium Ettingshausen 1872
G. †Najadopsis Heer 1855
+
†Najadopsis dichotoma Heer 1855
†Najadopsis rugulosa Lesquereux 1883
G. Zostera Linnaeus 1753 [marine eelgrass]
+
Subg. Zostera (Zostera) Miki 1933
Zostera asiatica Miki 1933
Zostera japonica Aschers and Graebn 1907
†Zostera kiewiensis Schmalhausen 1883
Zostera marina Linnaeus 1753
Zostera novazelandica Setchell 1933
+
G. Limnobium Richard 1811
+
†Limnobium obliteratum Cockerell 1908
G. Philotria Rafinesque 1818
G. Vallisneria Linnaeus 1753 [eelgrass]
+
Vallisneria spiralis Linnaeus 1753
G. †Palmoidopteris Boureau 1954
+
†Palmoidopteris lapparenti Boureau 1954
G. †Pandanites Tuzson 1914
+
†Pandanites acutidens Tuzson 1914
G. †Phylladelphia Bronn 1858
+
†Phylladelphia strigata Bronn 1858
G. †Phyllotaenia Saporta 1894
+
†Phyllotaenia demersa Saporta 1894
G. †Podostachys Marion 1872
+
†Podostachys bureauana Marion 1872
G. †Ravenalospermum Saporta 1894
+
G. †Restioniidites Elsik 1968
+
†Restioniidites pascualii Archangelsky 1973
G. †Sabalpollenites Thiergart 1938
+
G. †Donacites Cziffery-Szilagyi 1955
+
†Donacites erdobenyensis Cziffrey-Szilagyi 1955
G. †Musoxylon Meschinelli and Squinabol 1893
+
†Musoxylon antracotherii Massalongo 1893
G. †Palaeothalia Squinabol 1892
+
†Palaeothalia sanctaejustinae Squinabol 1892
G. †Scitamineophyllum Weyland 1957
+
G. †Scitaminophyton Massalongo 1858
G. †Shuklanthus Verma 1958
+
†Shuklanthus superbum Verma 1958
G. †Stellatopollis Doyle 1976
+
†Stellatopollis barghoornii Doyle et al. 1975
†Stellatopollis dejaxii Ibrahim 2002
†Stellatopollis doylei Ibrahim 2002
†Stellatopollis dubius Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Stellatopollis limai Ibrahim 2002
G. †Velamenorhizos Barlinge and Paradkar 1977
+
†Velamenorhizos intertrappeanum Barlinge and Paradkar 1977
G. †Viracarpon Sahni 1934
+
†Viracarpon chitaleyi Patil 1972
†Viracarpon elongatum Sahni 1944
†Viracarpon hexaspermum Sahni 1934
†Viracarpon sahnii Chitaley et al. 1969
+
Invalid names: Bromeliales [empty]
G. †Zosterites Brongniart 1823
+
†Zosterites orbigniana Brongniart 1823
Invalid names: Monocotylorhizos Yawale and Sakundarwar 1985 [nomen nudum], Palmales [empty], Principes [empty], Scitaminales [empty], Spathiflorae [empty], Triloculaire Chitaley and Patel 1974 [nomen nudum], Triloculocarpon Kapgate and Sheikh 1988 [nomen nudum], Xyridales [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available