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Monocotyledoneae
Taxonomy
Monocotyledones was named as an unranked clade.
It was reranked as the subclass Monocotyledones by Knowlton (1919) and Knowlton (1926); it was reranked as the class Monocotyledones by Chandler (1978); it was reranked as the class Monocotyledonae by Shoshani et al. (1989); it was synonymized subjectively with Monocots by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016); it was reranked as the subclass Monocotyledoneae by Stockmans (1936), Chandler (1961), Ozaki (1974), Hickey (1977), Mabberley (2000), Jud (2011) and Puebla et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Angiospermae by Knowlton (1919) and Knowlton (1926); to Anthophyta by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Magnoliopsida by Jud (2011); and to Angiospermae by Stockmans (1936), MacGinitie (1941), Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Ozaki (1974), Hickey (1977), Chandler (1978), Mabberley (2000) and Puebla et al. (2019).
It was reranked as the subclass Monocotyledones by Knowlton (1919) and Knowlton (1926); it was reranked as the class Monocotyledones by Chandler (1978); it was reranked as the class Monocotyledonae by Shoshani et al. (1989); it was synonymized subjectively with Monocots by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016); it was reranked as the subclass Monocotyledoneae by Stockmans (1936), Chandler (1961), Ozaki (1974), Hickey (1977), Mabberley (2000), Jud (2011) and Puebla et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Angiospermae by Knowlton (1919) and Knowlton (1926); to Anthophyta by Shoshani et al. (1989); to Magnoliopsida by Jud (2011); and to Angiospermae by Stockmans (1936), MacGinitie (1941), Chandler (1961), Chandler (1962), Chandler (1963), Chandler (1964), Ozaki (1974), Hickey (1977), Chandler (1978), Mabberley (2000) and Puebla et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Alismales, Alismatales, Arales, Arecidae, Arundo, Commelinacea, Commelinidae, Deccananthus, Doryanthites, Dracaenites, Festucophyllites, Florentinites, Glumiflorae, Graminales, Halocharis, Helobiae, Hypoglossidium, Isselia, Liliidae, Microrrhagion, Monocotylophyllum, Monocotylorhizos, Monocotylostrobus, Monoporites, Monosulcites, Najadales, Palmales, Palmoidopteris, Pandanites, Phylladelphia, Phyllotaenia, Podostachys, Principes, Ravenalospermum, Restioniidites, Sabalpollenites, Scitaminales, Scitamineae, Shuklanthus, Spathiflorae, Stellatopollis, Triloculaire, Triloculocarpon, Velamenorhizos, Viracarpon, Xyridales, Zingiberidae, Zosterites
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1919 | Monocotyledones Knowlton |
1926 | Monocotyledones Knowlton |
1936 | Monocotyledoneae Stockmans p. 26 |
1941 | Monocotyledones MacGinitie |
1961 | Monocotyledoneae Chandler p. 62 |
1962 | Monocotyledones Chandler p. 158 |
1963 | Monocotyledones Chandler p. 60 |
1964 | Monocotyledones Chandler p. 97 |
1974 | Triloculaire Chitaley and Patel |
1974 | Monocotyledoneae Ozaki |
1977 | Monocotyledoneae Hickey |
1978 | Monocotyledones Chandler p. 14 |
1985 | Monocotylorhizos Yawale and Sakundarwar |
1988 | Triloculocarpon Kapgate and Sheikh |
1989 | Monocotyledonae Shoshani et al. p. 434 |
2000 | Monocotyledoneae Mabberley |
2003 | Monocotyledonae Sims |
2011 | Monocotyledoneae Jud |
2019 | Monocotyledoneae Puebla et al. p. 3 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subcl. †Monocotyledoneae
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Or. †Alismales
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Fm. †Alismaceae
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G. Alisma Linnaeus 1753 [water-plantain]
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Alisma cordifolia Linnaeus 1753
Alisma damasonium Linnaeus 1753
Alisma flava Linnaeus 1753
Alisma natans Linnaeus 1753
Alisma plantago Linnaeus 1753
Alisma rannunculoides Linnaeus 1753
Alisma subulata Linnaeus 1753
G. †Alismacites Saporta 1862
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†Alismacites dakotensis Lesquereux 1891
†Alismacites lancifolius Saporta 1862
G. Sagittaria Linnaeus 1753
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†Sagittaria megasperma Brown 1962
†Sagittaria pulchella Heer 1869
†Sagittaria victormasoni Ward 1911
Or. Alismatales Brown 1820
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Fm. †Alismataceae Ventenat 1799
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Fm. †Cymodoceaceae Taylor 1895
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G. Cymodocea
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Cymodocea aequorea Konig 1805
Cymodocea angustata Ostenfeld 1916
†Cymodocea floridana Lumbert et al. 1984
Cymodocea maior Cavolini 1792
†Cymodocea maior altior Ruggieri 1952
†Cymodocea nodosa Bronignart 1822
Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenb and Hempr 1870
Cymodocea serrulata Aschers and Magnus 1870
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Invalid names: Corallinites micheloti Watelet 1866 [synonym]
G. Halodule Endlicher 1841
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Halodule beaudettei den Hartog 1964
Halodule bermudensis den Hartog 1964
Halodule ciliata den Hartog 1964
Halodule tridentata Steinheil 1838
Halodule uninvervis Aschers 1882
Halodule wrightii Aschers 1868
G. Syringodium Kutzing 1860
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Syringodium filiforme Kutzing 1860
Syringodium isoetifolium Aschers 1868
G. †Thalassodendron den Hartog 1970
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†Thalassodendron auriculaleporis Lumbert et al. 1984
Thalassodendron ciliata Forskal 1775
Thalassodendron pachyrhizum den Hartog 1970
Fm. Hydrocharitaceae de Jussieu 1789
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G. Halophila Thouars 1806
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Halophila baillonis Ascherson 1874
Halophila beccarii Axcherson 1871
Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld 1902
Halophila engelmanni Ascherson 1875
Halophila madagascariensis Steudel 1840
Halophila ovalis Tasman 1858
Halophila ovata Gaud 1827
Halophila spinulosa Ascherson 1875
Halophila stipulacea Ascherson 1867
G. Hydrocharis Linnaeus
G. Stratiotes Linnaeus 1753
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†Stratiotes acuticostatus Chandler 1963
Stratiotes alismoides Linnaeus 1753
Stratiotes aloides Linnaeus 1753
†Stratiotes hantonensis Chandler 1960
†Stratiotes minutissimus Chandler 1963
G. †Thalassites Benzecry and Brack-Hanes 2008
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†Thalassites parkavonenses Benzecry and Brack-Hanes 2008
Invalid names: Halophiloideae [empty], Thalassioideae [empty], Vallisnerioideae [empty]
Fm. †Juncaginaceae Richard 1808
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G. Triglochin Linnaeus 1753 [arrowgrass]
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Triglochin maritima Linnaeus 1753
Triglochin palustris Linnaeus 1753
G. †Pennipollis Friis 2000
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†Pennipollis peroreticulatus Friis et al. 2000
†Pennipollis reticulatus Friis et al. 2010
Fm. Posidoniaceae Hutchinson 1895
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G. Posidonia Konig 1805
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Posidonia australis Hook 1858
Posidonia caulini Konig 1805
†Posidonia cretacea Hosius and Von der Marck 1880
Posidonia oceanica Linnaeus 1758
Posidonia ostenfeldii den Hartog 1970
Invalid names: Caulinites Brongniart 1828 [synonym]
Fm. Potamogetonaceae Reichenbach 1823 [pondweed]
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G. Potamogeton Linnaeus 1753
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Potamogeton compressum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton crispum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton densum Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton geniculatus Braun 1845
Potamogeton gramineum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton lucens Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton marinum Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton megaphyllus Berry 1914
†Potamogeton middendorfensis Berry 1914
Potamogeton natans Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton parva Brown 1940
Potamogeton pectinatus Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton perfoliatus Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton pusillus Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton pygmaeus Chandler 1925
Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes 1896
Potamogeton rutilus Wolfgang 1885
Potamogeton serratum Linnaeus 1753
Potamogeton setaceum Linnaeus 1753
†Potamogeton verticillatus Lesquereux 1883
Fm. Ruppiaceae Horaninow 1834 [widgeonweed]
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Fm. †Zannichelliaceae Chevallier
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Fm. Zosteraceae Dumortier 1829
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G. †Archaeozostera Koriba and Miki 1931
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†Archaeozostera aungustifolia Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera brevifolia Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera longifolia Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera minor Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera pinnata Koriba and Miki 1931
†Archaeozostera simplex Koriba and Miki 1931
Invalid names: Archeozostera Koriba and Miki 1958 [objective synonym]
G. Phyllospadix Hooker 1838
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Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino 1931
Phyllospadix japonicus Makino 1897
Phyllospadix scouleri Hooker 1838
Phyllospadix serrulatus Rupr 1868
Phyllospadix torreyi Watson 1879
Invalid names: Aponogetonaceae Agardh 1856 [empty], Butomaceae de Mirbel 1804 [empty], Maundiaceae Nakai [empty], Scheuchzeriaceae Rudolphi 1830 [empty], Tofieldiaceae Takhtajan 1995 [empty]
G. Arundo Linnaeus 1753
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Arundo arenaria Linnaeus 1753
Arundo bambos Linnaeus 1753
Arundo calamagrostis Linnaeus 1753
Arundo donax Linnaeus 1753
Arundo epigejos Linnaeus 1753
†Arundo goepperti Münster 1871
†Arundo groenlandica Heer 1874
†Arundo obtusa Lesquereux 1875
Arundo phragmites Linnaeus 1753
†Arundo pseudogoepperti Berry 1914
†Arundo reperta Lesquereux 1875
Subcl. †Commelinidae
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Or. †Typhales
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Fm. †Sparganiaceae Hanin
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G. †Sparganiocarpus Velenovsky and Viniklar 1929
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†Sparganiocarpus terminalis Velenovsky and Viniklar 1929
G. Sparganium Linnaeus 1753 [bur-reed]
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†Sparganium antiquum Berry 1924
†Sparganium parvum Hickey 1977
†Sparganium stygium Heer 1855
Invalid names: Cyperales [empty], Eriocaulales Mabberley 2000 [empty], Hydatellales [empty], Juncales [empty], Restionales [empty]
Or. †Graminales
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Or. †Helobiae
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Subcl. †Liliidae
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Or. †Haemodorales
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Invalid names: Pentastemonaceae Duyfjes [empty], Taccaceae von Berchtold and Presl [empty]
Invalid names: Orchidales [empty], Velloziales [empty]
G. †Monocotylophyllum Reid and Chandler 1926
G. †Monoporites Cookson 1947
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†Monoporites annulatus Jaramillo and Dilcher 2001
†Monoporites annuloides González-Guzmán 1967
†Monoporites subreticulata Cookson 1947
G. †Monosulcites Cookson and Couper 1953
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Subg. †Monosulcites (Palmidites) Couper 1953
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†Monosulcites (Palmidites) media Chitaley 1951
†Monosulcites (Palmidites) minima Chitaley 1951
†Monosulcites (Palmidites) spinosa Chitaley 1951
†Monosulcites borassioides Dutta and Sah 1970
†Monosulcites chaloneri Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites couperi Sukh-Dev 1961
†Monosulcites epakros Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites glottus Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites granulatus Couper 1960
†Monosulcites kashmiriensis Ghosh and Lukose 1967
†Monosulcites magnosagenatus van Hoeken-Klinkenberg 1964
†Monosulcites magnus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Monosulcites major Kemp 1970
†Monosulcites maxima Cookson 1947
†Monosulcites minima Cookson 1947
†Monosulcites minimus Cookson 1947
†Monosulcites minutiscabratus McIntyre 1968
†Monosulcites neyveliense Ramanujam 1966
†Monosulcites ovatus Sah and Kar 1970
†Monosulcites parvus Potonié and Sah 1960
†Monosulcites perspinosus Couper 1953
†Monosulcites planus Dutta and Sah 1970
†Monosulcites pseudospinosus Freile 1972
†Monosulcites scabrus Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites spinosus Brenner 1963
†Monosulcites subgranulosus Couper 1958
Or. Najadales
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Fm. †Najadaceae de Jussieu
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G. Zostera Linnaeus 1753 [marine eelgrass]
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Subg. Zostera (Heterozostera) Setchell 1935
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Heterozostera chilensis Kuo 2005
Heterozostera nigricaulis Kuo 2005
Heterozostera polychlamys Kuo 2005
Heterozostera tasmanica Martens 1867
Subg. Zostera (Zostera) Miki 1933
Subg. Zostera (Zosterella) Aschers 1868
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Zostera (Zosterella) americana den Hartog 1970
Zostera (Zosterella) capensis Setchell 1933
Zostera (Zosterella) capricorni Aschers 1876
Zostera (Zosterella) mucronata den Hartog 1970
Zostera (Zosterella) muelleri Irmisch 1868
Zostera asiatica Miki 1933
Zostera caespitosa Miki 1933
Zostera caulescens Miki 1933
Zostera japonica Aschers and Graebn 1907
†Zostera kiewiensis Schmalhausen 1883
Zostera marina Linnaeus 1753
Zostera novazelandica Setchell 1933
G. †Sabalpollenites Thiergart 1938
G. †Stellatopollis Doyle 1976
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†Stellatopollis araripensis Lima 1976
†Stellatopollis barghoorni Doyle 1975
†Stellatopollis barghoornii Doyle et al. 1975
†Stellatopollis dejaxii Ibrahim 2002
†Stellatopollis densiornatus Ward 1986
†Stellatopollis doylei Ibrahim 2002
†Stellatopollis dubius Jardiné and Magloire 1965
†Stellatopollis hughesii Penny 1986
†Stellatopollis largissimus Singh 1983
†Stellatopollis limai Ibrahim 2002
G. †Velamenorhizos Barlinge and Paradkar 1977
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†Velamenorhizos intertrappeanum Barlinge and Paradkar 1977
G. †Viracarpon Sahni 1934
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†Viracarpon chitaleyi Patil 1972
†Viracarpon elongatum Sahni 1944
†Viracarpon hexaspermum Sahni 1934
†Viracarpon sahnii Chitaley et al. 1969
Invalid names: Monocotylorhizos Yawale and Sakundarwar 1985 [nomen nudum], Palmales [empty], Principes [empty], Scitaminales [empty], Spathiflorae [empty], Triloculaire Chitaley and Patel 1974 [nomen nudum], Triloculocarpon Kapgate and Sheikh 1988 [nomen nudum], Xyridales [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available