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Taxonomy
Anisoptera was named by Selys-Longchamps and Hagen (1854). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Jarzembowski (1988).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Anisoptera by Fleck et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Trigonoptera by Fleck et al. (2003); to Neoanisoptera by Bechly (2007); and to Odonata by Cowley (1942), Jarzembowski (1988), Carpenter (1992), Gentilini (1992), Etter and Kuhn (2000), Bechly (2005) and Zhang et al. (2008).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Anisoptera by Fleck et al. (2003).
It was assigned to Trigonoptera by Fleck et al. (2003); to Neoanisoptera by Bechly (2007); and to Odonata by Cowley (1942), Jarzembowski (1988), Carpenter (1992), Gentilini (1992), Etter and Kuhn (2000), Bechly (2005) and Zhang et al. (2008).
Subtaxa
Aeschna eudore, Aeschna parkinsoni, Aeschnidioidea, Cercus, Cercus clavus, Cordulia scheuchzeri, Cratopetaliidae, Cymatophlebia mongolica, Dissurus, Dissurus liauyuanensis, Dissurus qinquanensis, Epigomphidae, Euanisoptera, Hageniidae, Henrotayiidae, Ictinogomphus fur, Ixtahua, Juragomphidae, Kazakhophlebiella, Libellula calypso, Libellula doris, Libellula eurynome, Libellula melobasis, Libellula perse, Libellula thetis, Libellula thoe, Libelluloidea, Magnathemidae, Megaphlebiidae, Miopetalura orientalis, Necrogomphus (syn. Mesogomphus), Nothomacromiidae (syn. Pseudomacromiidae), Petalurida, Pritykiniella, Proterogomphidae, Stenogomphus scudderi
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1849 | Aeschna eudore Heer p. 73 figs. Pl 8, fig 4 |
1849 | Libellula thoe Heer p. 79 figs. Pl 6, fig 2 |
1849 | Libellula perse Heer p. 80 figs. Pl 5, fig 4; pl 6, fig 3 |
1849 | Libellula doris Heer p. 81 figs. Pl 6, fig 4; pl 5, fig 5 |
1849 | Libellula thetis Heer p. 83 figs. Pl 6, fig 5; pl 5, fig 6 |
1849 | Libellula eurynome Heer p. 85 figs. Pl 5, fig 7 |
1849 | Libellula melobasis Heer p. 86 figs. Pl 6, fig 6; pl 5, fig 8 |
1849 | Libellula calypso Heer p. 87 figs. Pl 6, fig 7; pl 5, fig 9 |
1850 | Aeschna eudore Hagen p. 362 |
1850 | Libellula doris Hagen p. 363 |
1850 | Libellula perse Hagen p. 363 |
1850 | Libellula thoe Hagen p. 363 |
1850 | Libellula calypso Hagen p. 364 |
1850 | Libellula eurynome Hagen p. 364 |
1850 | Libellula melobasis Hagen p. 364 |
1850 | Libellula thetis Hagen p. 364 |
1850 | Aeschna parkinsoni Selys-Longchamps p. 362 |
1854 | Anisoptera Selys-Longchamps and Hagen |
1856 | Libellula perse Heer p. 28 |
1856 | Cordulia scheuchzeri Massalongo p. 17 figs. Pl 2, fig 7 |
1856 | Libellula doris Massalongo p. 23 figs. Pl 1, figs 12,13 |
1856 | Libellula eurynome Massalongo p. 23 figs. Pl 1, figs 8-11 |
1863 | Ictinus fur Hagen p. 258 figs. Pl 43, fig 9 |
1864 | Libellula calypso Heer pp. 366, 368 fig. 232 |
1864 | Libellula doris Heer pp. 366, 368 fig. 231 |
1886 | Cordulia scheuchzeri Omboni p. 1425 fig. 6 |
1890 | Libellula calypso Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Libellula doris Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Libellula eurynome Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Libellula melobasis Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Libellula perse Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Libellula thetis Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Libellula thoe Kirby p. 166 |
1890 | Cordulia scheuchzeri Kirby p. 167 |
1890 | Ictinus fur Kirby p. 168 |
1890 | Aeschna eudore Kirby p. 173 |
1890 | Aeschna parkinsoni Kirby p. 173 |
1921 | Stenogomphus scudderi Cockerell p. 30 figs. Pl 8, fig. 5, 9. |
1924 | Cymatophlebia mongolica Cockerell p. 140 figs. Pl II fig 3-5 |
1931 | Libellula eudore Pongrácz p. 110 |
1931 | Libellula eurynome Pongrácz p. 110 |
1942 | Anisoptera Cowley p. 73 |
1982 | Cercus Hong p. 50 |
1982 | Cercus clavus Hong p. 50 figs. Pl 4, fig 5; text-figs 34,35 |
1982 | Dissurus Hong p. 53 |
1982 | Dissurus qinquanensis Hong p. 53 figs. Pl 1, fig 2; text-fig 39 |
1982 | Dissurus liauyuanensis Hong p. 54 figs. Pl 5, fig 1; text-fig 40 |
1985 | Nasiaeschna orientalis Hong pp. 16-18 figs. 6-8; Pl I fi 3, Pl 2 figs 1-2 |
1988 | Anisoptera Jarzembowski |
1989 | Miopetalura orientalis Zhang |
1992 | Anisoptera Carpenter p. 79 |
1992 | Anisoptera Gentilini |
1992 | Dissurus Hong p. 411 |
1992 | Dissurus liaoyuanensis Hong p. 411 figs. Pl 160, fig 3 |
1994 | Nasiaeschna orientalis Nel et al. |
2000 | Anisoptera Etter and Kuhn p. 968 |
2003 | Anisoptera Fleck et al. |
2005 | Anisoptera Bechly p. 2 |
2007 | Anisoptera Bechly |
2008 | Anisoptera Zhang et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Anisoptera Selys-Longchamps and Hagen 1854 [true dragonfly]
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Fm. †Cratopetaliidae Bechly 2010
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Fm. Epigomphidae Fraser 1934
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Unr. Euanisoptera Bechly 1996
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Unr. Aeshnoptera Bechly 1996
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Unr. Aeshnomorpha Bechly et al. 2001
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Unr. Panaeshnida Bechly et al. 2001
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Unr. Aeshnida Bechly 1996
Fm. †Progobiaeshnidae Bechly et al. 2001
G. †Telmaeshna Zhang et al. 2008
Fm. †Burmaeshnidae Huang et al. 2017
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Fm. †Enigmaeshnidae Nel et al. 2008
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Fm. †Liupanshaniidae Bechly et al. 2001
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G. †Paraliupanshania Bechly et al. 2001
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†Paraliupanshania britannica Bechly et al. 2001
†Paraliupanshania rohdendorfi Bechly et al. 2001
†Paraliupanshania torvaldsi Bechly et al. 2001
Superfm. †Mesuropetaloidea Bechly 1996
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Fm. †Mesuropetalidae Bechly 1996
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G. †Aeschnopsis Handlirsch 1939
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Invalid names: Aeschnopsis Cowley 1942 [objective synonym], Cymatophlebiopsis Handlirsch 1939 [synonym]
G. †Paraeschnopsis Bechly 2010
G. †Sinomesuropetala Boudet et al. 2022
G. †Parapetala Huang et al. 2003
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†Parapetala liaoningensis Huang et al. 2003
†Parapetala yixianensis Zheng et al. 2022
Unr. Exophytica Bechly 1996
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Unr. Cavilabiata Bechly 1996
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Unr. Chlorogomphida Bechly 1996
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Superfm. †Chlorogomphoidea Needham 1903
Fm. †Mesochlorogomphidae Fleck et al. 2008
Unr. Cristotibiata Bechly 1996
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Unr. Brachystigmata Bechly 1996
Invalid names: Neopetaliidae Tillyard and Fraser 1940 [empty]
Fm. †Urolibellulidae Zeiri et al. 2015
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G. †Kohlslibellula Nel 2020
G. †Urolibellula Zeiri et al. 2015
Unr. Gomphides Bechly et al. 1998
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Invalid names: Hagenioidea Tillyard and Fraser 1940 [empty], Lindeniidae Jacobson and Bianchi 1905 [empty]
Fm. Hageniidae Tillyard and Fraser 1940
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Fm. †Henrotayiidae Fleck et al. 2003
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Fm. †Juragomphidae Nel et al. 2001
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Superfm. Libelluloidea
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Fm. Macromiidae Tillyard 1917
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G. Epophthalmia Burmeister 1839
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†Epophthalmia biordinata Lewis 1969
†Epophthalmia zotheca Zhang 1989
G. Macromia Rambur 1842 [river cruiser]
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Macromia amphigena Selys 1871
†Macromia pilifera Lin 1982
Invalid names: Laragithemis Lin 1982 [synonym]
Invalid names: Libellula cassandra Hagen 1863 [nomen dubium], Libellula ceres Hagen 1863 [nomen dubium]
Fm. †Magnathemidae Bechly 2010
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Fm. †Megaphlebiidae Bechly 2010
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G. †Necrogomphus Campion 1923
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†Necrogomphus petrificatus Hagen 1850
Invalid names: Mesogomphus Handlirsch 1906 [replaced]
Fm. †Nothomacromiidae Carle 1995
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G. †Nothomacromia Carle 1995
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†Nothomacromia sensibilis Carle and Wighton 1990
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Invalid names: Conan barbarica Martins-Neto 1998 [synonym]
Invalid names: Conan Martins-Neto 1998 [synonym], Pseudomacromia Carle and Wighton 1990 [replaced]
Invalid names: Pseudomacromiidae Carle and Wighton 1990 [replaced]
Unr. Petalurida Bechly 1996
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Fm. Petaluridae Needham 1903 [grayback dragonfly]
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G. †Argentinopetala Petrulevičius and Nel 2003
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†Argentinopetala archangelskyi Petrulevičius and Nel 2003
Unr. Petalurodea Bechly 1996
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Fm. †Cretapetaluridae Nel et al. 1998
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Superfm. Petaluroidea Needham 1903
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Fm. †Aktassiidae Pritykina 1968
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Subfm. †Aktassiinae Pritykina 1968
Subfm. †Pseudocymatophlebiinae Nel et al. 1998
Fm. †Protolindeniidae Handlirsch 1906
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G. †Protolindenia Deichmüller 1886
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†Protolindenia antiqua Vander Linden 1827
†Protolindenia viohli Nel et al. 2001
†Protolindenia wittei Giebel 1860
Fm. †Proterogomphidae Bechly et al. 1998
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Subfm. †Cordulagomphinae Carle and Wighton 1990
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G. †Cordulagomphus Carle and Wighton 1990
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Subg. †Cordulagomphus (Procordulagomphus) Nel and Escuillé 1994
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†Cordulagomphus (Procordulagomphus) michaeli Bechly 2007
†Cordulagomphus (Procordulagomphus) primaerensis Petrulevicius and Martins-Neto 2007
†Cordulagomphus (Procordulagomphus) senckenbergi Bechly 1998
†Cordulagomphus (Procordulagomphus) xavieri Nel and Escuillé 1994
†Cordulagomphus europaeus Vernoux et al. 2010
†Cordulagomphus fenestratus Carle and Wighton 1990
†Cordulagomphus hanneloreae Bechly 2007
†Cordulagomphus tuberculatus Carle and Wighton 1990
†Cordulagomphus winkelhoferi Bechly 2007
G. †Paracordulagomphus Bechly 2010
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†Paracordulagomphus aberrans Bechly 2010
†Paracordulagomphus divergens Bechly 2010
G. †Proterogomphus Bechly et al. 1998
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†Proterogomphus krauseorum Bechly et al. 1998
†Proterogomphus renateae Bechly et al. 1998
Invalid names: Aeschna eudore Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Aeschna parkinsoni Selys-Longchamps 1850 [nomen dubium], Aeschnidioidea Carle and Wighton 1990 [empty], Cercus Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Cercus clavus Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Cordulia scheuchzeri Massalongo 1856 [nomen dubium], Cymatophlebia mongolica Cockerell 1924 [nomen dubium], Dissurus Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Dissurus liauyuanensis Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Dissurus qinquanensis Hong 1982 [nomen dubium], Ictinogomphus fur Hagen 1863 [nomen dubium], Libellula calypso Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Libellula doris Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Libellula eurynome Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Libellula melobasis Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Libellula perse Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Libellula thetis Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Libellula thoe Heer 1849 [nomen dubium], Miopetalura orientalis Hong 1985 [nomen dubium], Stenogomphus scudderi Cockerell 1921 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Reference: Ren and Guo 1996 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Falciferum to the top of the Holocene or 183.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 182.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 182.0 Ma
Collections (332 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Falciferum | Luxembourg | Henrotayia marci (105427) | |
Bathonian | United Kingdom (Oxfordshire) | Libellula westwoodii (140495) | |
Callovian | China (Henan) | Oxfordgomphus trescellulae (202211) | |
Callovian - Oxfordian | Kazakhstan (Chimkent) | Cymatophlebiella euryptera, Aktassia magna (105971) Cymatophlebiella euryptera, Protolindenia aktassica (105970) Mesuropetala auliensis, Mesuropetala costalis, Protolindenia deichmuelleri, Protolindenia aktassica (106101) Paracymatophlebia splendida, Juragomphus karatauensis (105426) Protolindenia aktassica, Aktassia magna (106102) | |
Callovian - Oxfordian | China (Nei Mongol) | Juralibellula ningchengensis, Sinacymatophlebia mongolica, Daohugoulibellula lini, Linqibinia panae, Propecymatophlebia magnifica, Sinomesuropetala daohugensis (113371) Sinocymatophlebiella hasticercus (113366) | |
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | Cymatophlebia herrienae (105965) Cymatophlebia suevica (105964) | |
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Swabian Alb) | Libellulium longialatum (106402) | |
Tithonian | Australia (New South Wales) | Austroprotolindenia jurassica (128121) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Poland | Eumorbaeschna adriankini (140049) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Cymatophlebia longialata, Eumorbaeschna jurassica (105799) Nannogomphus buergeri, Cymatophlebia longialata (122880) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Aeschna multicellulosa (152880) Aeschnogomphus kuempeli (117532) Aeschnogomphus sp. (117533) Cymatophlebia longialata (152884) Cymatophlebia longialata, Cymatophlebia jurassica, Protolindenia wittei, Aeschnogomphus intermedius, Nannogomphus bavaricus (139876) Cymatophlebia longialata, Protolindenia viohli (152603) Mesuropetala muensteri, Cymatophlebia longialata, Cymatophlebia pumilio, Cymatophlebia kuempeli, Eumorbaeschna jurassica, Juracordulia schiemenzi, Protolindenia wittei, Anax buchi, Aeschnogomphus intermedius, Nannogomphus bavaricus, Protolindenia koehleri, Aeschnopsis perkinsi, Morbaeschna muensteri (122586) Mesuropetala muensteri, Mesuropetala koehleri, Cymatophlebia longialata, Eumorbaeschna jurassica, Aeschnogomphus sp., Protolindenia wittei, Aeschnogomphus intermedius (123994) | |
Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany (Bayern) | Aeschna grandis (154305) Aeschna muensteri, Mesuropetala koehleri, Libellula longialata, Eumorbaeschna jurassica, Protolindenia wittei, Aeschnogomphus buchi, Aeschnogomphus intermedius, Agrion gracile, Agrion vetustum (123985) Aeschna wittei (153703) Aeschnopsis tischlingeri, Cymatophlebia pumilio, Protolindenia wittei (105541) Aeshna antiqua (154208) Cymatophlebia densa (152881) Cymatophlebia longialata (105798 152882 152901) Cymatophlebia longialata, Agrion vetustum, Cordulegaster intermedius, Uropetala koehleri (123906) Cymatophlebia longialata, Eumorbaeschna jurassica (122730) Cymatophlebia longialata, Eumorbaeschna jurassica, Prohemeroscopus jurassicus, Prohemeroscopus kuehnapfeli (152883) Cymatophlebia longialata, Protolindenia wittei (139550) Cymatophlebia longialata, Protolindenia wittei, Aeschna charpentieri, Cordulegaster intermedius, Uropetala koehleri (133578) Cymatophlebia pumilio (117534) Eumorbaeschna jurassica (139547) Insecta indet. (154306) Mesuropetala koehleri, Cymatophlebia longialata, Aeschnogomphus intermedius, Nannogomphus bavaricus (123144) Mesuropetala muensteri, Cymatophlebia longialata (105797 131959 139548) Mesuropetalidae indet. (131851) Nannogomphus buergeri, Mesuropetala koehleri, Cymatophlebia longialata, Cymatophlebia pumilio, Cymatophlebia kuempeli, Eumorbaeschna jurassica, Proterogomphus renateae, Protolindenia wittei, Aeschnogomphus buchi, Protolindenia viohli (139551) Prohemeroscopus kuehnapfeli (227117) | |
Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | Spain | Cymatophlebia longialata, Aktassiidae indet. (224315) | |
Early/Lower Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Araripelibellula britannica (104006) | |
Late/Upper Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Cretalloaeschna cliffordae, Anglopetalura magnifica, Araripelibellula britannica (103833) Prohoyaeshna milleri (104003) | |
Middle Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Araripelibellula britannica (119561) Cymatophlebia purbeckensis (153648) Lindeniinae indet. 2, Lindeniinae indet. 1 (104008) | |
Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Aeschnopsis perampla (105539) Libellulium agrias, Odonata indet., Homoptera indet. (127481) | |
Valanginian - Early/Lower Hauterivian | China (Gansu) | Fuxiaeschna hsiufunia (156355) | |
Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (England) | Valdaeshna andressi, Plesigomphaeschnaoides pindelskii, Valdicordulia wellsorum (106281) | |
Late/Upper Hauterivian | United Kingdom (Surrey) | Cretaneophya strevensi (74973) Valdaeshna surreyensis (160653) |