PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cyrtinidina

Rhynchonellata - Spiriferinida

Taxonomy

Cyrtinidina was named by Carter and Johnson (1994).

It was assigned to Spiriferinida by Williams et al. (2006).

Subtaxa

Cyrtinoidea, Spondylospiroidea, Suessioidea (syn. Suessiacea)

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1994	Cyrtinidina Carter and Johnson
2006	Cyrtinidina Williams et al. p. 1881

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
—	Lophophorata

Rank	Name	Author
—	Panbrachiopoda	Carlson and Cohen 2020
phylum	Brachiopoda	Cuvier 1805
subphylum	Rhynchonelliformea	Williams et al. 1996
class	Rhynchonellata	Williams et al. 1996
order	Spiriferinida	Ivanova 1972
suborder	Cyrtinidina	Carter and Johnson 1994
suborder	Cyrtinidina	Carter and Johnson 1994

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Cyrtinidina Carter and Johnson 1994

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Superfm. †Cyrtinoidea Frederiks 1912

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Fm. †Cyrtinidae Fredericks 1912

G. †Cyrtina Davidson 1858

Subg. †Cyrtina (Cyrtina) Davidson 1858

†Cyrtina (Cyrtina) heteroclyta DeFrance 1819

†Cyrtina billingsi Meek 1868

†Cyrtina bouchardi Brice 1988

†Cyrtina burlingtonensis Rowley 1893

†Cyrtina davidsoni Walcott 1884

†Cyrtina hamiltonensis Hall 1857

†Cyrtina katzeri Bittner 1902

†Cyrtina minuta Wang 1985

†Cyrtina varia Clarke 1900

†Cyrtina walteri Bittner 1902

Invalid names: Trochalocyrtina [synonym]

G. †Cyrtinaella

†Cyrtinaella biplicata Hall 1857

†Cyrtinaella causa Johnson 1970

G. †Licharewina Kotlyar et al. 2004

†Licharewina arakii Hayasaka 1963

†Licharewina josephinae Gemmellaro 1899

Invalid names: Licharewina praetriassica Kotlyar et al. 2004 [synonym]

G. †Squamulariina

†Squamulariina simplex Phillips 1841

Invalid names: Pyramidalia Nalivkin 1947 [synonym]

G. †Tecnocyrtina

Fm. †Komiellidae Johnson and Blodgett 1993

G. †Komiella Liashenko 1985

†Komiella gilberti Johnson and Blodgett 1993

†Komiella magnasulca Johnson and Blodgett 1993

†Komiella stenoparva Johnson and Blodgett 1993

Superfm. †Spondylospiroidea Hoover 1991

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Fm. †Rastelligeridae Carter 1994

Subfm. †Dentospiriferininae Carter 1994

G. †Canadospira

†Canadospira canadensis Logan 1967

†Canadospira ochotica Dagys 1972

G. †Dentospiriferina Dagys 1965

†Dentospiriferina pepeliaevi Dagys 1965

G. †Orientospira Dagys 1965

†Orientospira gregaria Dagys 1965

†Orientospira pinguis Dagys 1965

G. †Psioidea

†Psioidea muliensis Xu 1978

†Psioidea nelsonensis Trechmann 1917

†Psioidea paragriesbachi Xu 1978

Subfm. †Rastelligerinae Carter 1994

G. †Boreiospira Dagys 1974

†Boreiospira lindstroemi Bohm 1903

†Boreiospira lundgreni Bohm 1903

G. †Psioidiella

†Psioidiella parisi Campbell 1984

G. †Rastelligera

Fm. †Spondylospiridae Hoover 1991

Subfm. †Dagyspiriferinae Hoover 1991

G. †Dagyspirifer Hoover 1991

†Dagyspirifer fascicostata Hoover 1991

G. †Pseudospondylospira Hoover 1991

†Pseudospondylospira perplexa Hoover 1991

Subfm. †Spondylospirinae Hoover 1991

G. †Phenacozugmayerella Hoover 1991

G. †Spondylospira Cooper 1942

†Spondylospira lewesensis Lees 1934

Invalid names: Spiriferina acrotamboensis Koerner 1937 [synonym]

†Spondylospira parmata Hoover 1983

†Spondylospira reesidei Cooper 1944

†Spondylospira tricosta Hoover 1991

G. †Vitimetula

G. †Yanospira Dagys 1977

†Yanospira bychkovi Dagys 1977

G. †Zugmayerella Dagys 1963

†Zugmayerella americana Hoover 1991

†Zugmayerella bogalica MacFarlan et al. 2011

†Zugmayerella eurea Dagys 1965

†Zugmayerella hemipyramida Sun 1981

†Zugmayerella inaequiplicata Dagys 1965

†Zugmayerella koerneri Sandy 1994

†Zugmayerella koessenensis Zugmayer 1882

†Zugmayerella taringaturaensis Campbell 1991

†Zugmayerella uncinata Schafhautl 1851

Invalid names: Phenacozugmayerella mimuncinata Hoover 1991 [synonym], Spirifer jungbrunnensis Petzholdt 1843 [replaced], Spirifer muensteri Suess 1854 [synonym], Spirifer pyramidalis Schafhautl 1853 [synonym], Spiriferina austriaca Suess 1854 [synonym]

†Zugmayerella yueliangpingica Jin and Fang 1977

Superfm. †Suessioidea Waagen 1883

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Fm. †Bittnerulidae Schuchert 1929

Subfm. †Bittnerulinae Schuchert 1929

G. †Bittnerula Hall and Clarke 1894

†Bittnerula zitteli Bittner 1890

G. †Leiolepismatina Yang and Xu 1966

†Leiolepismatina semiconula Yang and Xu 1966

G. †Thecocyrtella Bittner 1892

†Thecocyrtella ampezzana Bittner 1890

†Thecocyrtella buchi Klipstein 1843

†Thecocyrtella dagysii Halamski et al. 2015

†Thecocyrtella horogensis Palfy 2003

†Thecocyrtella orientalis Ivanova 1960

Invalid names: Cyrtotheca Bittner 1890 [replaced]

G. †Thecocyrtelloidea Yang and Xu 1966

†Thecocyrtelloidea tubulosa Yang and Xu 1966

Subfm. †Hirsutellinae Xu and Liu 1983

G. †Flabellocyrtia Chorowicz and Termier 1975

†Flabellocyrtia flabellulum Chorowicz and Termier 1975

G. †Hirsutella Cooper and Muir-Wood 1951

†Hirsutella canavarica Tommasi 1885

†Hirsutella extraruga Yang and Yin 1962

†Hirsutella rectimarginata Sun and Ye 1982

†Hirsutella sulcata Wu et al. 2023

Invalid names: Hirsutina Kirchner 1933 [replaced]

G. †Neocyrtina Yang and Xu 1966

†Neocyrtina mixodeltidiumosa Yang and Xu 1966

†Neocyrtina xui Guo et al. 2019

G. †Spiriferinoides

†Spiriferinoides sakawanus Kobayashi and Tokuyama 1957

†Spiriferinoides yeharai Tokuyama 1957

Invalid names: Spiriferinoides nasai Tokuyama 1957 [synonym]

Fm. †Davidsoninidae Ivanova 1972

G. †Carbocyrtina

G. †Davidsonina Schuchert and LeVene 1929

Invalid names: Davidsonella Fredericks 1926 [replaced]

Fm. †Laballidae Dagys 1962

Subfm. †Laballinae Dagys 1962

G. †Eolaballa Liao and Meng 1986

†Eolaballa pristina Liao and Meng 1986

G. †Laballa

†Laballa plicata Dagys 1963

†Laballa slavini Dagys 1962

†Laballa striata Xu 1978

†Laballa suessi Winkler 1859

†Laballa usualis Sun et al. 1979

G. †Pseudolaballa Dagys 1974

†Pseudolaballa australis Trechman 1918

†Pseudolaballa bittneri Dagys 1965

Subfm. †Paralepismatininae Carter 1994

G. †Paralepismatina Yang and Xu 1966

†Paralepismatina semiconica Yang and Xu 1966

Subfm. †Spinolepismatininae Carter 1994

G. †Klipsteinella Dagys 1974

†Klipsteinella calceola Klipstein 1843

†Klipsteinella fritschi Bittner 1890

†Klipsteinella loczyi Bittner 1912

G. †Klipsteinelloidea Sun 1981

†Klipsteinelloidea xizangensis Sun 1981

G. †Spinolepismatina Dagys 1974

†Spinolepismatina inconstans Dagys 1974

†Spinolepismatina lepta Xu 1978

†Spinolepismatina peneckei Bittner 1890

Fm. †Suessiidae Waagen 1883

G. †Suessia Below 1987

†Suessia dissymetrica Revert 1971

†Suessia liasiana Eudes-Deslongchamps 1853

Invalid names: Suessiacea Waagen 1883 [replaced]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitep

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yesp

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2018-11-10 18:08:52

Modified:

2018-11-10 18:08:52

Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Llandovery to the top of the Spinatum or 443.40000 to 183.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 433.4 Ma

Collections (993 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Llandovery	443.4 - 433.4	USA (New York)	Cyrtina sp. (463)
Sheinwoodian	433.4 - 430.5	USA (New York)	Cyrtina pyramidalis (82511)
Wenlock	433.4 - 427.4	USA (New York)	Cyrtina sp. (473)
Wenlock - Ludlow	433.4 - 423.0	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Cyrtina sp. (188869)
Ludlow	427.4 - 423.0	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Cyrtina sp. (534)
Ludlow - Pridoli	427.4 - 419.2	USA (California)	Cyrtina sp. (79807)
Ludlow - Pridoli	427.4 - 419.2	China (Gansu)	Cyrtina pracedens, Cyrtina praecedens (27757)
Pridoli - Lochkovian	423.0 - 410.8	USA (Oklahoma)	Cyrtina dalmani (26826)
Pridoli - Helderbergian	423.0 - 393.3	Ukraine	Cyrtina praecedens (23488)
Helderbergian - Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Ukraine	Cyrtina praecedens (13875)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Australia (New South Wales)	Cyrtina imbricata (25705 25706 25707) Cyrtina praecedens (24900) Cyrtina sp. (24907)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Canada (Nunavut)	Cyrtina maclennani (26505 26506 26507) Cyrtina sp. (14025 26409 26427 26457 26484 26485 26492 26497 26516 26527 26530 26534 26535 26538 26543 26544 26545 26546 26647 26653) Cyrtina sp. 1, Cyrtinaella sp. (26495) Cyrtina sp. 2 (26500)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Belarus	Cyrtina praecedens (23671)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	USA (California)	Cyrtina sp. (24910)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Russian Federation	Cyrtina sp. (26673)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Poland	Cyrtina praecedens, Cyrtina utrimquesulcata (13878)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Australia (Victoria)	Cyrtina sp. (7196)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Canada (British Columbia)	Cyrtina sp. (26567 26568 26570 26571)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Canada (Nova Scotia)	Cyrtina sp. (24857)
Lochkovian	419.2 - 410.8	Morocco	Cyrtina praecedens (13935)