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Stringocephalidae

Rhynchonellata - Terebratulida - Stringocephalidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1850Stringocephalidae King
2006Stringocephalidae Williams et al. p. 1999

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
—Lophophorata
—PanbrachiopodaCarlson and Cohen 2020
RankNameAuthor
phylumBrachiopodaCuvier 1805
subphylumRhynchonelliformeaWilliams et al. 1996
classRhynchonellataWilliams et al. 1996
orderTerebratulida
suborderTerebratulidina
superfamilyStringocephaloideaKing 1850
familyStringocephalidaeKing 1850
familyStringocephalidaeKing 1850

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Stringocephalidae King 1850
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Subfm. †Bornhardtininae Cloud 1942
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†Bornhardtina equitis Godefroid and Mottequin 2005
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Invalid names: Rauffia Schulz 1914 [replaced]
Subfm. †Geranocephalinae Johnson 1975
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Invalid names: Acrothyris [synonym], Catacephalus [synonym], Conomimus [synonym]
Subfm. †Kaplexinae Sun and Boucot 1999
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G. †Kaplex
Subfm. †Leioseptathyridinae Sun and Boucot 1999
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Subfm. †Omoloninae Sun and Boucot 1999
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G. †Kumbella Khodalevich 1975
G. †Omolonia
Subfm. †Rensselandiinae Cloud 1942
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G. †Elmaria
G. †Newberria
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Invalid names: Denckmannella Schuchert and LeVene 1929 [synonym], Rensselandia [synonym]
Subfm. †Stringocephalinae King 1850
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†Stringocephalus burtini Defrance 1825
†Stringocephalus glinskii Struve 1992
†Stringocephalus nevadensis Frost and Langenheim, Jr. 1966
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitep
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yesp
Life habit: low-level epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Created: 2004-02-28 14:14:12
Modified: 2018-11-10 17:47:38
Source: o = order, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range: base of the Emsian to the top of the Kungurian or 410.62000 to 274.40000 Ma

Collections (152 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Emsian410.62 - 393.47China (Guangxi) Rensselandia sp. (27422)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95USA (Alaska) Stringocephalus sp. (36590)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Czechia Kaplex bohemicus (5792 5816)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95China (Guangxi) Rensselandia sp. (27559 27560) Subrensselandia sp. (4024)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Germany Subrensselandia abbreviata (60134)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Newberria amygdala (78403) Stringocephalus burtini (78415)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95Uzbekistan Bornhardtina uncitoides, Stringocephalus burtini (217135) Bornhardtina uncitoides, Stringocephalus sp. (186486)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95USA (Nevada) Parastringocephalus sp. (5319) Rensselandia sp. (3830 44124) Subrensselandia sp. (5317)
Eifelian - Givetian393.47 - 382.31Australia (Queensland) Stringocephalus sp. (40012)
Eifelian - Givetian393.47 - 382.31USA (Nevada) Geranocephalus sp., Geranocephalus truncatus (94268) Geranocephalus sp., Parastringocephalus sp., Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94278) Geranocephalus sp., Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94266) Subrensselandia nolani (94249)
Eifelian - Givetian393.47 - 382.31Vietnam Stringocephalus burtini (83339)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (Alaska) Stringocephalus burtini (111919)
Middle Devonian393.47 - 382.31USA (California) Stringocephalus burtini (226304)
Late/Upper Eifelian390.5 - 387.95Germany Subrensselandia sp. (60140)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Belgium (Namur) Bornhardtina sulcata, Bornhardtina uncitoides (70440)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Stringocephalus burtini (81731) Subrensselandia amygdala (229459)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Czechia (Moravia) Bornhardtina onychophora, Rensselandia caiqua (5767) Bornhardtina skalensis, Rensselandia gregaria (5775) Kaplex obesissimus (5772)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Germany Stringocephalus burtini (227413) Stringocephalus sp. (25369 197084 197085 227412) Stringocephalus sp., Stringomimus sp. (144265) Subrensselandia amygdala (60143 60145 60147 60150)
Early/Lower Givetian387.95 - 385.9Belgium Bornhardtina onychophora, Hessenhausia pseudocaiqua, Bornhardtina equitis (235155) Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus glinskii (235154)
Early/Lower Givetian - Middle Givetian387.95 - 383.4Morocco Stringocephalus sp. (176106 176109)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Russian Federation (Kemerovskaya Oblast) Chascothyris salairica, Stringocephalus sibiricus (84386)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Vietnam Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus burtini (83288) Stringocephalus burtini (83244) Stringocephalus sp. (83298)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Northwest Territories) Ectorensselandia laevis (96309) Ectorensselandia laevis, Stringocephalus asteius (55467 96310) Stringocephalus (94515) Stringocephalus aleskanus (96320) Stringocephalus sp. (96332)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31France Stringocephalus burtini (38681 38683 65769)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Iowa) Rensselandia cordiforme, Rensselandia johanni (93843 93844)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Nevada) Geranocephalus sp., Parastringocephalus sp., Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94402) Paracrothyris sp., Stringocephalus nevadensis, Rensselandia cloudi (94269) Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus nevadensis, Rensselandia cloudi (83979) Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus sp. (94272) Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus spp. (94404) Stringocephalus spp., Subrensselandia nolani (94403)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Guangxi) Bornhardtina sp. (3967 4014 4020) Bornhardtina sp., Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus sp. (25852) Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus obesus, Stringocephalus burtini (4015 4019) Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus sp. (3966 3968 3970 4012 4018) Bornhardtina speciosa, Bornhardtina sp., Stringocephalus obesus, Stringocephalus transversa (4017) Stringocephalus burtini (13167 13168) Stringocephalus sp. (4016 4707 4791 82073) Stringocephalus spp. (13170) Stringocephalus transversa, Stringocephalus burtini (13169 13172)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31United Kingdom (England) Stringocephalus sp. (81022)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Poland Parastringocephalus parasulcatus, Rensselandia sp., Stringocephalus burtini (83220) Rensselandia circularis, Stringocephalus burtini (83035) Stringocephalus burtini (82692 82740 83034) Stringocephalus sp. (83080)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (Pennsylvania) Subrensselandia claypolii (9674 9705) Subrensselandia sp. (669)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Germany Stringocephalus georgmeyeri, Stringocephalus sp. (60174) Stringocephalus sp. (143798 144259 235158 235159)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31USA (California) Stringocephalus sp. (225962 225963)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Yukon) Ectorensselandia laevis (96334)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Mackenzie) Stringocephalus Sp. B (94529)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Russian Federation (Arkhangel'skaya Oblast') Chascothyris holzapfeli, Chascothyris salairica, Stringocephalus sp. (40711)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Heilongjiang) Stringocephalus sp. (25871)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Sichuan) Rensselandia sp., Subrensselandia elegans, Subrensselandia guanwushaensis, Stringocephalus burtini (74633)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Hunan) Stringocephalus sp. (34987 34988 34990 80272)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Bornhardtina uncitoides (44178) Stringocephalus buchi (101680) Stringocephalus burtini (44183 77872) Stringocephalus dorsalis (112146)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31China (Guizhou) Stringocephalus sp. (84330)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Stringocephalus sp. (77743)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Canada (Manitoba) Omolonia noctua (228423 228424) Stringocephalus sp. (3635 228113 228168 228169 228170 228171 228172 228173 228175)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Australia (Queensland) Stringocephalus sp. (40013)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31France (Boulonnais) Stringocephalus burtini (65762) Stringocephalus sp., Stringocephalus burtini (65778)
Givetian387.95 - 382.31Afghanistan (Ghazni) Parastringocephalus dewalense, Rensselandia sp., Rensselandia circularis, Stringocephalus sp., Stringocephalus burtini (74993)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15Austria (Kärnten) Stringocephalus burtini (81665)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15Vietnam Stringocephalus burtini (83340)
Givetian - Frasnian387.95 - 372.15Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Stringocephalus sp. (77788)
Middle Givetian385.9 - 383.4USA (Missouri) Rensselandia cordiforme, Rensselandia missouriensis (93849)
Middle Givetian385.9 - 383.4Canada (Manitoba) Stringocephalus sp. (3636)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Germany Stringocephalus sp. (60181) Stringocephalus sp., Denckmannella sp. (60183)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Russian Federation (Orenburgskaya Oblast) Chascothyris tschernyschewi, Denckmanella ovata, Stringocephalus burtini (83914)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Poland Stringocephalus sp. (83078)
Late/Upper Givetian383.4 - 382.31Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) Newberria caiqua (82561) Stringocephalus sp. (82483 82563 82564)
Late/Upper Givetian - Frasnian383.4 - 372.15Germany Stringocephalus sp. (60180)
Frasnian382.31 - 372.15USA (Alaska) Stringocephalus sp. (36603)
Kungurian283.3 - 274.4China (Xinjiang) Omolonia sp. (62750 62759)