PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Trachycardium

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae

Taxonomy

Trachycardium was named by Mörch (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 705]. It is extant. Its type is Cardium isocardia.

It was reranked as Cardium (Trachycardium) by Aldrich (1911), Harris (1919), Oldroyd (1925), Vredenburg (1928), Loel and Corey (1932), Mukerjee (1939), Mansfield (1940), Pilsbry and Olsson (1941); it was reranked as Laevicardium (Trachycardium) by Grant and Gale (1931).

It was assigned to Laevicardium by Grant and Gale (1931); to Cardium by Aldrich (1911), Harris (1919), Oldroyd (1925), Vredenburg (1928), Loel and Corey (1932), Mukerjee (1939), Mansfield (1940), Pilsbry and Olsson (1941); to Cardiidae by Woodring (1938), Durham (1944), Marasti (1973), Frassinetti and Covacevich (1999); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Trachycardiinae by Olsson (1967), da Silva Forti (1969), Iqbal (1973), Adegoke (1977), Maxwell (1978), Vokes (1980), Woodring (1982), Dockery (1982), Coan et al. (2000), Moore (2003), Bouchet et al. (2010).

Species lacking formal opinion data

Cardium anclotense, Cardium brooksvillense, Cardium coutinhoi, Cardium hernandoense, Cardium hortensium, Cardium leucostomum, Cardium plectopleura, Cardium ustrix, Cardium viridarii, Pleurocardia longstreeti, T. denticostulatum, T. lingualionis, T. quadragenerium, T. sindense

Synonyms

Cardium (Granocardium) was named by Gabb (1869) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti K Maes-u Sepkoski's reference number: 106,545]. Its type is Cardium (Granocardium) sabulosum.

It was synonymized subjectively with Laevicardium (Trachycardium) by Grant and IV and Gale (1931); it was reranked as Granocardium by Scott (1978), Vokes (1980), Schneider (2002), Sepkoski (2002), Mendir et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); to Cardium by Kosnik (2002); to Profraginae by Schneider (2002); and to Cardiinae by Scott (1978), Vokes (1980), Mendir et al. (2021).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1853	Trachycardium Mörch
1869	Cardium (Granocardium) Gabb p. 266
1911	Cardium (Trachycardium) Aldrich p. 1
1919	Cardium (Trachycardium) Harris p. 133
1925	Cardium (Trachycardium) Oldroyd p. 6
1928	Cardium (Trachycardium) Vredenburg p. 445
1931	Laevicardium (Trachycardium) Grant and Gale
1932	Cardium (Trachycardium) Loel and Corey
1938	Trachycardium Woodring p. 53
1939	Cardium (Trachycardium) Mukerjee p. 15
1940	Cardium (Trachycardium) Mansfield p. 193
1941	Cardium (Trachycardium) Pilsbry and Olsson p. 9
1944	Trachycardium Durham p. 144
1967	Trachycardium Olsson p. 10
1969	Trachycardium da Silva Forti p. 81
1973	Trachycardium Iqbal p. 18
1973	Trachycardium Marasti p. 107
1977	Trachycardium Adegoke p. 272
1978	Trachycardium Maxwell p. 20
1978	Granocardium Scott p. 896
1980	Granocardium Vokes p. 126
1980	Trachycardium Vokes p. 127
1982	Trachycardium Dockery p. 70
1982	Trachycardium Woodring p. 636
1999	Trachycardium Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 28
2000	Trachycardium Coan et al. p. 361
2002	Granocardium Schneider p. 351 figs. Figure 25
2002	Granocardium Sepkoski
2002	Trachycardium Sepkoski
2003	Trachycardium Moore
2010	Trachycardium Bouchet et al.
2021	Granocardium Mendir et al. p. 16

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardioidei	Ferussac 1822
superfamily	Cardioidea	(Lamarck 1809)
family	Cardiidae	Lamarck 1809
subfamily	Trachycardiinae	Stewart 1930
genus	Trachycardium	Mörch 1853

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Trachycardium Mörch 1853

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†Cardium (Trachycardium) greenhoughi d'Archiac and Haime 1853

†Cardium (Trachycardium) mamillatum Furon 1948

†Cardium (Trachycardium) minbuense Noetling 1901

†Cardium (Trachycardium) ochilleanum Stephenson 1956

†Cardium (Trachycardium) polycolpatum Cossmann and Peyrot 1911

†Cardium (Trachycardium) protosubrugosum Noetling 1901

†Cardium (Trachycardium) riachuelense Maury 1936

†Cardium (Trachycardium) sindiense Vredenburg 1928

†Pleuriocardia (Dochmocardia) eufaulensis huntanum Stephenson 1941

Subg. Trachycardium (Mexicardia) Stewart 1930

Mexicardia procera Sowerby 1833

Invalid names: Cardium panamense Sowerby I 1833 [synonym]

†Trachycardium (Mexicardia) dominicanum Dall 1900

†Trachycardium (Mexicardia) dominicanum costaricanum Olsson 1922

Subg. Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) Stewart 1930

Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) belcheri Broderip and Sowerby 1829

†Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) cestum Dall 1903

†Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) leonense Mansfield 1932

†Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) lingualeonis Guppy 1866

†Trachycardium (Phlogocardia) stiriatum Brown and Pilsbry 1911

Invalid names: Trachycardium durum Brown and Pilsbry 1913 [synonym]

Subg. Trachycardium (Regozara)

†Trachycardium (Regozara) delectabile Maxwell 1978

Subg. Trachycardium (Trachycardium) Mörch 1853

†Trachycardium (Trachycardium) arcumbona Wiedey 1928

†Trachycardium (Trachycardium) brantlyi Weisbord 1929

Trachycardium (Trachycardium) consors Sowerby I 1833

Trachycardium (Trachycardium) isocardia Linnaeus 1758

†Trachycardium (Trachycardium) pessoae Maury 1924

†Trachycardium (Trachycardium) schencki Wiedey 1928

†Trachycardium cotteri Cox 1931

Trachycardium egmontianum Shuttleworth 1856

†Trachycardium enode Sowerby 1841

†Trachycardium eufaulensis Conrad 1860

†Trachycardium eversum Conrad 1848

†Trachycardium halaense d'Archaic and Haime 1854

Trachycardium isocardia Linnaeus 1758

†Trachycardium kinsmarae Makiyama 1934

Trachycardium lacunosum Reeve 1845

†Trachycardium mollyni Vokes 1982

†Trachycardium multiradiatum Sowerby 1846

†Trachycardium planicostata Dockery 1982

†Trachycardium puelchum Sowerby 1846

†Trachycardium reynoldsi Rennie 1929

†Trachycardium rugosum Lamarck 1819

†Trachycardium syriacum Conrad 1852

†Trachycardium thalassium Maury 1924

Invalid names: Cardium (Granocardium) Gabb 1869 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

facultatively mobileg

Life habit:

infaunalg

Diet:

suspension feederg

Vision:

blindc

Comments:

LIFE HISTORY: IS, MA, UN, SU according to Todd (2001).g

Created:

2009-09-09 07:20:41

Modified:

2009-09-09 09:20:41

Source: g = genus, c = class

References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Todd 2001, Sanchez Roig 1926

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Albian to the top of the Holocene or 110.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 106.3 Ma

Collections (660 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Albian	113.2 - 100.5	USA (Kansas)	T. kansasense (1981 1985 1986 1992 1993 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2005 2007 2010 2011 2012 2016 2017 2018 2026 2032 2033 2035 2036 2037 2040 2042 2047 2049 2050 2052 2053 2054 2055 2056)
Middle Albian	110.1 - 106.3	Brazil (Sergipe)	Cardium riachuelense (87867)
Late/Upper Albian	106.3 - 100.5	Angola	T. syriacum (210730 210731 210733)
Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	USA (Texas)	Pleurocardia tinninense (6594 6637 6645)
Late/Upper Cretaceous	100.5 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	T. sp. (225659)
Middle Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Angola	T. reynoldsi (210904)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (North Carolina)	Cardium eufaulense (87677 190550 190551 190553 190554 190555 190579) T. carolinensis, T. longstreeti (7610) T. longstreeti (7611) T. longstreeti, T. vaughani (7619 7622)
Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	South Africa	T. sp. (82728)
Early/Lower Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Delaware)	Pleurocardia longstreeti (6136 6137 6138 6139)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Mississippi)	T. carolinensis, T. sp. (6660)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (New Jersey)	Cardium multiradiatum (48725)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Texas)	Pleurocardia sp. (7510 7512)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Delaware)	Pleuriocardia eufaulensis (6171)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (New Jersey)	T. tenuistriatum (3870 3877 3883)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian	83.6 - 66.0	USA (New Jersey)	T. longstreeti (57916)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Alabama)	T. eufaulensis (4241 4242 4248 4261 4262 4264 4270 4271 4273 4274 4275 4276 4286 4329 4330) T. sp. (4240 4243 4250 4253 4254 4255 4256 4260 4263 4322) T. sp., T. eufaulensis (4239 4247)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Georgia)	T. eufaulensis (4265 4266 4267 4268 4269 4277 4278 4279 4281 4282 4292 4293 4295 4296 4297 4298 4299 4304 4334 4336 4337) T. sp. (4280 4289 4291 4302 4311 4313 4314 4317 4319 4335 4339) T. sp., T. eufaulensis (4301 4303)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Mississippi)	T. eufaulensis (4100 4101 4103 4104 4105 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4118)
Early/Lower Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Mexico (Coahuila)	T. sp. (219745)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (South Carolina)	T. eufaulensis (4342 4343 4344 4349 4350 4351) T. sp. (4346 4357 4359 4362)