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Opiliones (harvestman)

Arachnida - Opiliones

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1822Phalangium succineum Presl p. 209
1833Opiliones Sundevall
1854Cheiromachus Menge p. 102
1854Cheiromachus coriaceus Menge p. 102
1922Opiliones Petrunkevitch p. 275
2007Opiliones Shultz

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
—Deuteropoda
subphylumChelicerataHeymons 1901
RankNameAuthor
—EuchelicerataWeygoldt and Paulus 1979
—Prosomapoda
—Planaterga
—Dekatriata
—SclerophorataKamenz et al. 2011
classArachnidaLamarck 1801
—Stomothecata
orderOpilionesSundevall 1833
orderOpilionesSundevall 1833

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Opiliones Sundevall 1833 [harvestman]
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G. †Arachnometa Petrunkevitch 1949
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†Arachnometa tuberculata Petrunkevitch 1949
Subor. Cyphophthalmi Simon 1879
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G. †Foveacorpus Bartel et al. 2023
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†Foveacorpus cretaceus Bartel et al. 2023
†Foveacorpus parvus Bartel et al. 2023
Fm. Sironidae Simon 1879
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G. Siro Latreille 1796
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†Siro balticus Dunlop and Mitov 2011
†Siro platypedibus Dunlop and Giribet 2003
Fm. Stylocellidae Hansen and Sorensen 1904
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G. Leptopsalis Thorell 1882
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†Leptopsalis breyeri Bartel et al. 2023
G. †Mesopsalis Bartel et al. 2023
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†Mesopsalis oblongus Bartel et al. 2023
G. †Palaeosiro Poinar 2008
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†Palaeosiro burmanicum Poinar 2008
G. †Sirocellus Bartel et al. 2023
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†Sirocellus iunctus Bartel et al. 2023
G. †Hasseltides Weyenburgh 1869
Subor. Laniatores Thorell 1876
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Fm. Beloniscidae Kury et al. 2019
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G. †Palaeobeloniscus Bartel et al. 2020
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†Palaeobeloniscus thilolebi Bartel et al. 2020
Infraor. Grassatores Kury 2002
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Superfm. Epedanoidea Sorensen 1886
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Fm. Epedanidae Sorensen 1886
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G. †Biungulus Bartel et al. 2020
G. †Gigantocheles Bartel et al. 2020
G. †Mesodibunus Bartel et al. 2023
G. †Petrobunoides Selden et al. 2016
Fm. Petrobunidae Sharma and Giribet 2011
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G. †Petroburma Bartel et al. 2023
Fm. Podoctidae Roewer 1912
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G. †Burmalomanius Bartel et al. 2023
Superfm. Samoidea Sorensen 1886
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Fm. Kimulidae Perez Gonzalez et al. 2007
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G. Kimula Goodnight and Goodnight 1942
Fm. Samoidae Sorensen 1886
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G. Hummelinckiolus Silhavy 1979
G. Pellobunus Banks 1905
Infraor. Insidiatores Loman 1900
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Superfm. Travunioidea Absolon and Kratochvil 1932
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G. †Baltonychia Bartel et al. 2022
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†Baltonychia obscura Bartel et al. 2022
Fm. Cladonychiidae Hadzi 1935
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G. †Proholoscotolemon Ubick and Dunlop 2005
Fm. †Mesokanidae Bartel et al. 2020
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G. †Mesokanus Bartel et al. 2020
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†Mesokanus oehmkuehnlei Bartel et al. 2020
G. Philacarus Sorensen 1932
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†Philacarus hispaniolensis Cokendolpher and Poinar 1992
Fm. Pyramidopidae Sharma et al. 2011
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G. †Protopyramidops Bartel et al. 2020
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†Protopyramidops nalae Bartel et al. 2020
Fm. Tithaeidae Sharma and Giribet 2011
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G. †Ellenbergellus Bartel et al. 2020
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†Ellenbergellus tuberculatus Bartel et al. 2020
Fm. †Monooculricinuleidae Wunderlich 2017
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G. †Monooculricinuleus Wunderlich 2017
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†Monooculricinuleus incisus Wunderlich 2017
Unr. Phalangida Bristowe 1949
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Fm. †Archaeometidae Petrunkevitch 1949
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G. †Archaeometa Pocock 1911
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†Archaeometa nephilina Pocock 1911
Subor. Dyspnoi Hansen and Sorensen 1904
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G. †Ameticos Garwood et al. 2011
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†Ameticos scolos Garwood et al. 2011
G. †Echinopustulus Dunlop 2004
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Fm. †Halithersidae Dunlop et al. 2016
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G. †Halitherses Giribet and Dunlop 2005
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†Halitherses grimaldii Giribet and Dunlop 2005
Superfm. Ischyropsalidoidea Simon 1879
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G. †Piankhi Dunlop et al. 2012
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†Piankhi steineri Dunlop et al. 2012
Fm. Sabaconidae Dresco 1970
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G. Sabacon Simon 1879
Superfm. Troguloidea Sundevall 1833
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Fm. †Eotrogulidae Petrunkevitch 1955
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G. †Eotrogulus Thevenin 1901
Fm. Nemastomatidae Simon 1879
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G. Histricostoma Kratochvil 1958
G. Mitostoma Roewer 1951
G. Nemastoma Koch 1836
Fm. †Nemastomoididae Petrunkevitch 1955
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G. †Nemastomoides Thevenin 1901
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Invalid names: Protopilio Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym]
Fm. Trogulidae Sundevall 1833
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G. †Amphitrogulus Gourret 1887
G. Trogulus Latreille 1802
Subor. Eupnoi Hansen and Sorensen 1904
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G. †Brigantibunum Dunlop and Anderson 2005
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†Brigantibunum listoni Dunlop and Anderson 2005
Superfm. Caddoidea Banks 1893
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Fm. Caddidae Banks 1893
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Subfm. Caddinae Banks 1893
G. †Daohugopilio Huang et al. 2009
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†Daohugopilio sheari Huang et al. 2009
G. †Kustarachne Scudder 1890
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†Kustarachne tenuipes Scudder 1890
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Invalid names: Kustarachne conica Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym], Kustarachne exstincta Melander 1903 [synonym]
G. †Macrogyion Garwood et al. 2011
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†Macrogyion cronus Garwood et al. 2011
Superfm. Phalangioidea Latreille 1802
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G. †Petrunkevitchiana Mello-Leitao 1937
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†Petrunkevitchiana oculata Petrunkevitch 1922
Fm. Phalangiidae Latreille 1802
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G. Amilenus Martens 1969
G. Dicranopalpus Doleschall 1852
G. Lacinius Thorell 1876
G. Leptobunus Banks 1893
G. Opilio Herbst 1798
G. †Phalangillum Gourret 1887
G. †Stephanobunus Dunlop and Mammitzsch 2010
Fm. Sclerosomatidae Simon 1879
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G. †Amauropilio Mello-Leitao 1937
G. Cosmobunus Simon 1879
G. Leiobunum Koch 1839
G. †Mesobunus Huang et al. 2009
G. †Tyrannobunus Bartel and Dunlop 2023
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†Tyrannobunus aculeus Bartel and Dunlop 2023
Subor. †Tetrophthalmi Garwood et al. 2014
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G. †Eophalangium Dunlop et al. 2004
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†Eophalangium sheari Dunlop et al. 2004
G. †Hastocularis Garwood et al. 2014
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†Hastocularis argus Garwood et al. 2014
G. Phalangium Linnaeus 1758
G. Platybunus Koch 1839
Invalid names: Cheiromachus Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Cheiromachus coriaceus Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Phalangidae Roewer 1923 [empty], Phalangium succineum Presl 1822 [nomen dubium], Phalangodidae Simon 1879 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Grouping: solitaryc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Source: c = class
Reference: Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Orleanian or 409.10000 to 15.97000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 407.6 Ma

Collections (52 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pragian410.8 - 407.6United Kingdom (Scotland) Eophalangium sheari (153498)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany (Alken) Archaeometa devonica (27049)
Brigantian336.0 - 330.9United Kingdom (Scotland) Brigantibunum listoni (22725)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (Staffordshire) Arachnometa tuberculata (34935) Archaeometa nephilina (34907)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (England) Archaeometa nephilina (125238)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5USA (Missouri) Echinopustulus samuelnelsoni (152114)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.5USA (Illinois) Kustarachne conica (146857) Kustarachne exstincta (122521) Kustarachne tenuipes (21981) Protopilio longipes (112630)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9France Nemastomoides elaveris, Eotrogulus fayoli (121979)
Stephanian B301.5 - 301.0France Macrogyion cronus, Ameticos scolos, Hastocularis argus (122490)
Callovian - Oxfordian166.1 - 157.3China (Nei Mongol) Mesobunus dunlopi (113362) Mesobunus martensi, Daohugopilio sheari (113371)
Late/Upper Barremian130.0 - 125.45Spain (Castilla-La Mancha) Opiliones indet. (28006)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0Russian Federation (Buryatia) Opiliones indet. (113350)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Australia (Victoria) Opiliones indet. (77192)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar Biungulus xiai, Mesodibunus tourinhoae (165561) Cyphophthalmi indet., Halitherses grimaldii, Monooculricinuleus semiglobosus, Monooculricinuleus incisus (144466) Halitherses grimaldii (111688) Halitherses grimaldii, Tyrannobunus aculeus (230561) Laniatores indet., Insidiatores indet., Halitherses grimaldii, Ellenbergellus tuberculatus, Mesokanus oehmkuehnlei, Gigantocheles nilsi, Protopyramidops nalae, Palaeobeloniscus thilolebi, Burmalomanius circularis, Petroburma tarsomeria, Mesopsalis oblongus, Leptopsalis breyeri (184841) Petrobunoides sharmai (178121) Phalangiidae indet. 1, Phalangiidae indet. 2, Stylocellidae indet. 1, Stylocellidae indet. 2, Stylocellidae indet. 3, Stylocellidae indet. 4, Halitherses grimaldii (184692) Tyrannobunus aculeus, Sirocellus iunctus, Foveacorpus cretaceus, Foveacorpus parvus (172900)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5France Opiliones indet. (123019)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Myanmar (Kachin) Palaeosiro burmanicum (104053)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Sachsen) Siro platypedibus (109766)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Trogulus longipes (114060)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Germany (Halle) Caddo dentipalpus, Dicranopalpus ramiger, Histricostoma tuberculatum, Leiobunum longipes, Mitostoma gruberi, Amilenus deltshevi, Lacinius erinaceus (129227)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Dicranopalpus sp., Dicranopalpus palmickensis, Leiobunum inclusum, Nemastoma succineum, Sabacon bachofeni (123870) Opilio ovalis (123927) Opiliones indet. (201682) Phalangium succineum (124194) Piankhi steineri, Lacinius bizleyi, Baltonychia obscura (147612) Siro balticus, Insidiatores indet., Proholoscotolemon sp., Proholoscotolemon nemastomoides, Stephanobunus mitovi (124318) Stephanobunus mitovi (123493)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Poland Caddo dentipalpus, Dicranopalpus ramiger, Histricostoma tuberculatum, Leiobunum longipes, Sabacon claviger (120813) Caddo dentipalpus, Dicranopalpus ramiger, Leiobunum longipes (110737) Leiobunum longipes (123215 153481) Nemastoma tuberculatum, Nemastoma denticulatum, Nemastoma incertum, Opilio ovalis, Opilio ramiger, Platybunus dentipalpus, Gonyleptes nemastomoides (109625) Nemastoma tuberculatum, Nemastoma denticulatum, Nemastoma incertum, Opilio ramiger, Platybunus dentipalpus, Leiobunum longipes, Nemastoma clavigerum, Opilio corniger, Cheiromachus coriaceus (120811)
Chadronian37.2 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Leptobunus atavus (106381) Phalangium lacoei (124624) Phalangium oculatum (106384)
Chattian28.1 - 23.03France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Amphitrogulus sternalis, Phalangillum hirsutum (122487)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Dominican Republic Hummelinckiolus silhavyi, Philacarus hispaniolensis (122472) Kimula sp. (140194) Pellobunus proavus (122473)
Orleanian20.0 - 15.97Spain Cosmobunus sagani (122985)