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Permithonidae
Taxonomy
Permithonidae was named by Tillyard (1922). It is not extant. Its type is Permithone.
It was assigned to Planipennia by Tillyard (1922); to Polystoechotoidea by Whalley (1988); to Planipennia by Carpenter (1992); to Myrmeleontida by Vilesov and Novokshonov (1994); to Neuroptera by Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov (2004) and Engel and Grimaldi (2008); and to Neuropterida by Engel et al. (2018) and Martins et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Planipennia by Tillyard (1922); to Polystoechotoidea by Whalley (1988); to Planipennia by Carpenter (1992); to Myrmeleontida by Vilesov and Novokshonov (1994); to Neuroptera by Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov (2004) and Engel and Grimaldi (2008); and to Neuropterida by Engel et al. (2018) and Martins et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Elmothone, Eopsychops, Jurla, Kunguromaritus, Lodevosisyra, Lodevothone, Merithone, Okolpania, Osmythone, Palaemerobius, Permantispa, Permegalomus (syn. Bianchia), Permerobius, Permipsythone, Permithone (syn. Permosmylus) (type genus), Permithonopsis, Permopsychops, Permorapisma, Permosisyra, Relictovia, Sauropsychops, Sialidopsis, Sismerobius, Sylvamarita, Sylvasenex, Tshekardithonopsis, Tychtobius, Uralisyra
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1922 | Permithonidae Tillyard |
| 1928 | Palaemerobiidae Martynov p. 86 |
| 1928 | Sialidopsidae Martynov p. 96 |
| 1928 | Sialidopsidae Zalessky p. 693 |
| 1932 | Palaemerobiidae Martynov p. 65 |
| 1932 | Permosisyridae Martynov p. 71 |
| 1937 | Sialidopsidae Martynov p. 37 |
| 1952 | Permegalomidae Martynova p. 201 |
| 1953 | Permopsychopsidae Riek p. 83 |
| 1988 | Permithonidae Whalley p. 49 |
| 1992 | Palaemerobiidae Carpenter |
| 1992 | Permithonidae Carpenter |
| 1992 | Sialidopsidae Carpenter |
| 1994 | Permithonidae Vilesov and Novokshonov |
| 2004 | Permithonidae Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov p. 198 |
| 2008 | Permithonidae Engel and Grimaldi |
| 2018 | Permithonidae Engel et al. |
| 2022 | Permithonidae Martins et al. p. 62 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Permithonidae Tillyard 1922
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G. †Eopsychops Martynov 1932
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†Eopsychops angaridensis Martynova 1961
†Eopsychops sojanensis Martynov 1932
G. †Kunguromaritus Vilesov 1995
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†Kunguromaritus guttatus Vilesov 1995
†Kunguromaritus lacer Vilesov 1995
G. †Okolpania Vilesov 1995
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†Okolpania captiosa Vilesov 1995
†Okolpania eugeniae Makarkin and Shcherbakov 2009
†Okolpania favorabilis Novokshonov and Novokshonova 1997
†Okolpania observabilis Vilesov 1995
G. †Palaemerobius Martynov 1928
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†Palaemerobius avus Martynova 1952
†Palaemerobius latibasis Martynova 1961
†Palaemerobius proavitus Martynov 1928
G. †Permantispa Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
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†Permantispa emelyanovi Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
G. †Permegalomus Martynov 1931
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†Permegalomus maculipennis Martynov 1932
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Invalid names: Permithonopsis triramosa Martynova 1952 [synonym]
†Permegalomus regularis Martynov 1931
†Permegalomus spectabilis Martynova 1952
Invalid names: Bianchia Martynova 1952 [synonym]
G. †Permipsythone Pinto and de Ornellas 1980
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†Permipsythone panfilovi Pinto and de Ornellas 1980
†Permipsythone perantiqua Martynova 1961
G. †Permithone Tillyard 1922
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†Permithone belmontensis Tillyard 1922
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Invalid names: Permosmylus pincombeae Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
†Permithone oliarcoides Tillyard 1926
Invalid names: Permosmylus Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
G. †Permithonopsis Martynov 1932
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†Permithonopsis cellulosa Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis dubia Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permithonopsis enormis Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis grandis Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis ivensis Martynov 1932
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Invalid names: Permithonopsis proxima Martynov 1932 [synonym]
†Permithonopsis kaltanensis Martynova 1961
†Permithonopsis longifurcata Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis obscura Martynova 1952
†Permithonopsis sharovi Martynova 1961
G. †Permopsychops Tillyard 1926
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†Permopsychops karaungirensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permopsychops saurensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
G. †Permorapisma Tillyard 1926
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†Permorapisma biserialis Tillyard 1926
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Invalid names: Permorapisma triserialis Tillyard 1926 [synonym]
†Permorapisma fragmentata Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Permorapisma gori Ponomarenko and Shcherbakov 2004
G. †Permosisyra Martynov 1932
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†Permosisyra latipennis Martynov 1932
†Permosisyra paurovenosa Martynova 1952
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Invalid names: Sialidopsis sojanensis Martynova 1952 [objective synonym]
†Permosisyra punctata Martynov 1932
G. †Sauropsychops Novokshonov 1996
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†Sauropsychops kazakhstanensis Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
†Sauropsychops tillyardi Vilesov and Novokshonov 1994
G. †Sialidopsis Zalessky 1926
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†Sialidopsis kargalensis Zalessky 1926
†Sialidopsis similis Martynov 1937
G. †Tshekardithonopsis Vilesov 1995
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†Tshekardithonopsis oblivius Vilesov 1995
†Tshekardithonopsis pictus Vilesov 1995
†Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi Vilesov 1995
Invalid names: Palaemerobiidae Martynov 1928 [synonym], Permegalomidae Martynova 1952 [synonym], Permopsychopsidae Riek 1953 [synonym], Permosisyridae Martynov 1932 [synonym], Sialidopsidae Zalessky 1928 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range: base of the Artinskian to the top of the Ladinian or 290.10000 to 237.00000 Ma
Collections (41 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artinskian | France (Languedoc) | Lodevosisyra reducta (105044) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Kansas) | Elmothone martynovae (111217) | |
| Kungurian | Russian Federation (Suksun) | Kunguromaritus lacer (124241) Sylvasenex lacrimabunda, Jurla bisubcostata, Sylvamarita minor, Kunguromaritus lacer, Kunguromaritus guttatus, Uralisyra angusta, Okolpania observabilis, Tshekardithonopsis zalesskyi, Tshekardithonopsis pictus (108206) | |
| Kungurian | France | Lodevothone pectinata (117604) | |
| Kungurian | Russian Federation | Okolpania eugeniae (115214) Okolpania favorabilis (107787) Uralisyra prolubnikovi, Uralisyra angusta, Okolpania captiosa, Tshekardithonopsis oblivius (114207) | |
| Kungurian | Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) | Permipsythone panfilovi (116121) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation (Arkangelsk) | Palaemerobius proavitus, Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis proxima, Permosisyra latipennis, Permithonopsis paurovenosa, Sialidopsis sojanensis, Permithonopsis enormis (116933) Permegalomus maculipennis, Permithonopsis proxima, Permosisyra latipennis (104993) Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis grandis (116934) Permithonopsis ivensis, Permithonopsis proxima, Bianchia spectabilis, Permithonopsis longifurcata, Permithonopsis cellulosa, Palaemerobius avus (104716) Permithonopsis sp., Permithonopsis ivensis, Eopsychops sojanensis, Permosisyra punctata (111187) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Palaemerobius latibasis (122568) Permithonopsis kaltanensis (122569) Permithonopsis perantiqua, Permithonopsis kaltanensis, Permithonopsis sharovi (104704) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation | Palaemerobius proavitus (116456) Permithonopsis proxima, Permithonopsis triramosa, Permithonopsis obscura (96860) | |
| Roadian | Russian Federation (Kazan) | Permegalomus regularis (116803) | |
| Capitanian | Russian Federation (Orenburg) | Sialidopsis kargalensis (152757) Sialidopsis similis (116610) | |
| Wuchiapingian | Russian Federation | Eopsychops angaridensis (124608) Tychtobius brevicostatus (122565) | |
| Changhsingian | Russian Federation | Permorapisma gori (117259) | |
| Changhsingian | Australia (New South Wales) | Permithone belmontensis (122423 122475) Permithone belmontensis, Permithone neoxenus, Permithone oliarcoides, Permorapisma biserialis (122433) Permithone oliarcoides (122412) Permithone venosa (122434) Permopsychops belmontensis (122417) Permorapisma biserialis (122424) Permorapisma triserialis (122419) Permosmylus pincombeae (122416) | |
| Changhsingian | South Africa (Kwazulu-Natal) | Permithone sp., Permopsychops sp. (14356) | |
| Changhsingian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Permantispa emelyanovi (108358) | |
| Changhsingian | South Africa (Natal) | Sismerobius pusillus (124428) | |
| Changhsingian | Kazakhstan (Zaisan) | Permorapisma fragmentata (107957) Permorapisma fragmentata, Permithone tillyardi, Permithone kazakhstanensis, Permithonopsis dubia, Permopsychops karaungirensis, Permopsychops saurensis (105062) | |
| Ladinian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Relictovia pristina (105007) | |
| Longobardian | Switzerland | Merithone laetitiae (234877) |