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Acila (Truncacila)

Bivalvia - Nuculida - Nuculidae

Taxonomy
Acila (Truncacila) was named by Grant and Gale (1931) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti R]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Truncacila by Vokes (1980), Sepkoski (2002).

It was assigned to Nuculidae by Vokes (1980); to Nuculoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Acila by Grant and Gale (1931), Schenck (1936), Woodring (1938), Turner (1938), Durham (1944), Faustman (1964), Hertlein and Grant (1972), Moore (1976), Tashiro and Kozai (1982), Moore (1983), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires (1988), Squires (1999), Coan et al. (2000), Matsubara (2002), Kafanov and Ogasawara (2003), Squires and Saul (2006), Huber (2010), Coan and Valentich-Scott (2012), Hendy (2020).

Subtaxa
Acila (Truncacila) allisoni, Acila (Truncacila) bellula, Acila (Truncacila) bivirgata, Acila (Truncacila) blancoensis, Acila (Truncacila) castrensis (syn. Acila (Truncacila) beringiana, Acila empirensis, Nucula lyalli), Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae, Acila (Truncacila) conradi (syn. Nucula divaricata), Acila (Truncacila) dalli, Acila (Truncacila) decisa (syn. Acila lajollaensis, Nucula (Acila) stillwaterensis, Acila gabbiana), Acila (Truncacila) demessa (syn. Nucula truncata), Acila (Truncacila) galinae, Acila (Truncacila) grahami, Acila (Truncacila) haidana, Acila (Truncacila) hokkaidoensis, Acila (Truncacila) jucunda, Acila (Truncacila) moneronica, Acila (Truncacila) muta, Acila (Truncacila) nagaoi, Acila (Truncacila) nehalemensis, Acila (Truncacila) osugii, Acila (Truncacila) princeps, Acila (Truncacila) rosaria, Acila (Truncacila) schencki, Acila (Truncacila) shumardi, Acila (Truncacila) taliaferroi (syn. Nucula (Acila) hamiltonensis)
Species lacking formal opinion data
Acila ashiyaensis, Acila elongata, Acila elongata, Acila ermani, Acila gottschei, Acila marujamensis, Acila minima, Acila nakazimai, Acila picturata, Acila piura

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1931Acila (Truncacila) Grant and Gale
1936Acila (Truncacila) Schenck p. 23
1938Acila (Truncacila) Turner p. 41
1938Acila (Truncacila) Woodring p. 29
1944Acila (Truncacila) Durham p. 133
1964Acila (Truncacila) Faustman p. 113
1972Acila (Truncacila) Hertlein and Grant p. 147
1976Acila (Truncacila) Moore p. 42
1980Truncacila Vokes p. 3
1982Acila (Truncacila) Tashiro and Kozai p. 70
1983Acila (Truncacila) Moore p. A9
1984Acila (Truncacila) Squires p. 40
1987Acila (Truncacila) Squires p. 54
1988Acila (Truncacila) Squires p. 17
1999Acila (Truncacila) Squires p. 22
2000Acila (Truncacila) Coan et al. p. 74
2002Acila (Truncacila) Matsubara p. 134
2002Truncacila Sepkoski
2003Acila (Truncacila) Kafanov and Ogasawara p. 51
2006Acila (Truncacila) Squires and Saul p. 89
2010Acila (Truncacila) Huber p. 89
2012Acila (Truncacila) Coan and Valentich-Scott p. 34
2020Acila (Truncacila) Hendy

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
RankNameAuthor
—Eubivalvia
subclassProtobranchia(Pelseneer 1889)
superorderNuculiformiiDall 1889
orderNuculida(Dall 1889)
superfamilyNuculoidea(Gray 1824)
familyNuculidaeGray 1824
genusAcilaAdams and Adams 1858
subgenusTruncacilaGrant and Gale 1931

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subg. Acila (Truncacila) Grant and Gale 1931
show all | hide all
†Acila (Truncacila) allisoni Squires and Saul 2006
†Acila (Truncacila) bellula Slodkewitsch 1967
Acila (Truncacila) castrensis Hinds 1843 [divaricate nutclam]
+
Invalid names: Acila (Truncacila) beringiana Slodkevisch 1967 [synonym], Acila empirensis Howe 1922 [synonym], Nucula lyalli Baird 1863 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Nucula divaricata Conrad 1848 [replaced]
†Acila (Truncacila) dalli Arnold 1908
+
Invalid names: Acila gabbiana Dickerson 1916 [synonym], Acila lajollaensis Hanna 1927 [synonym], Nucula (Acila) stillwaterensis Weaver and Van Winkle Palmer 1922 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Nucula truncata Gabb 1864 [replaced]
†Acila (Truncacila) galinae Slodkewitsch 1967
†Acila (Truncacila) grahami Squires and Saul 2006
†Acila (Truncacila) haidana Packard in Schenck 1936
Acila (Truncacila) jucunda Thiele and Jaeckel 1931
†Acila (Truncacila) moneronica Slodkewitsch 1967
†Acila (Truncacila) nagaoi Oyama and Mizuno 1958
†Acila (Truncacila) osugii Nagao and Huzioka 1941
†Acila (Truncacila) rosaria Squires and Saul 2006
†Acila (Truncacila) schencki Stoyanow 1949
+
Invalid names: Nucula (Acila) hamiltonensis Clark 1932 [replaced]
Invalid names: Acila muta markleyensis Clark 1918 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
height216.016.016.016.0-

Composition: aragonitef
Entire body: yesf
Adult length: 1.0 to < 10f
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10f
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10f
Thickness: thinf
Folds: nonef
Ribbing: minorf
Spines: nonef
Internal reinforcement: nonef
Ontogeny: accretionf
Environment: coastal, inner shelf, outer shelf, oceanicf
Locomotion: facultatively mobilef
Life habit: infaunalf
Diet: deposit feederf
Diet 2: suspension feederf
Vision: blindc
Created: 2008-11-15 10:09:53
Modified: 2009-08-18 20:13:53
Source: f = family, c = class
References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Mikkelsen and Bieler 2008

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aptian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 121.40000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 113.2 Ma

Collections (405 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Aptian121.4 - 113.2USA (Arizona) Acila schencki (65011)
Early/Lower Albian113.2 - 110.1USA (California) Acila sp. nov.? (216368)
Albian113.2 - 100.5USA (California) Acila sp. (185408)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (California) Acila haidana (220386) Acila sp. (185726 185734)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Japan Acila himenourensis (117145) Acila hokkaidoensis (87007)
Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9USA (Texas) Acila chicotana (6595 6606 6639 6642 6646) Acila sp. (4647 4655)
Early/Lower Turonian93.9 - 89.8Japan Acila hokkaidoensis (87008)
Early/Lower Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Acila haidana (69616)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8Japan (Teshio) Acila hokkaidoensis (39822)
Turonian93.9 - 89.8USA (California) Acila haidana (220357) Acila sp. (185415)
Coniacian89.8 - 85.7Japan (Teshio) Acila hokkaidoensis (40122)
Coniacian89.8 - 85.7USA (California) Acila demessa (44214) Acila demessa, Nucula truncata (44232)
Early/Lower Coniacian89.8 - 85.7Japan (Fukushima) Acila hokkaidoensis (39626)
Coniacian - Santonian89.8 - 83.6USA (California) Acila sp. (185448)
Early/Lower Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (California) Acila demessa (86956)
Early/Lower Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan Acila hokkaidoensis (115281 115284 219958)
Late/Upper Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan Acila hokkaidoensis (82349 87009 115287 115289 115295 115297 115299)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan (Teshio) Acila hokkaidoensis (40126)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6Japan Acila sp. (219966)
Santonian85.7 - 83.6USA (California) Acila demessa (185391)