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Cariamae

Reptilia - Gruiformes

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1888Cariamae Fürbringer
1933Cariamae Lambrecht p. 516
1940Cariamae Wetmore p. 54
1941Phororhacoidea Patterson
1956Cariamae Wetmore p. 67
1960Cariamae Wetmore p. 27
1960Phororhacoidea Wetmore p. 27
1981Cariamae Mourer-Chauviré p. 643
1988Cariamae Carroll
2003Cariamae Alvarenga and Holfing p. 64
2005Cariamae Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2
2007Cariamae Bertelli et al. p. 410
2007Cariamae Livezey and Zusi p. 91
2009Cariamae Noriega et al.
2011Cariamae Mourer-Chauvire et al. p. 817
2011Phororhacoidea Mourer-Chauvire et al. p. 817
2013Cariamae Angst et al.
2013Cariamae Mourer-Chauvire

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
RankNameAuthor
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
—NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
—Terrestrornithes
—Telmatorae
superorderCharadriimorphaeHuxley 1867
orderGruiformesBonaparte 1854
suborderCariamaeFürbringer 1888
suborderCariamaeFürbringer 1888

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Cariamae Fürbringer 1888
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Fm. †Ameghinornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1981
+
G. †Aenigmavis Peters 1987
+
†Aenigmavis sapea Peters 1987
Infraor. Cariamides
+
Superfm. Cariamoidea
+
Fm. †Bathornithidae Wetmore 1927
+
G. †Bathornis Wetmore 1927
+
†Bathornis celeripes Wetmore 1933
†Bathornis cursor Wetmore 1933
†Bathornis fricki Cracraft 1968
†Bathornis geographicus Wetmore 1942
†Bathornis grallator Wetmore 1944
†Bathornis minor Cracraft 1971
†Bathornis veredus Wetmore 1927
Invalid names: Neocathartes Wetmore 1950 [synonym]
G. †Eutreptornis Cracraft 1971
+
†Eutreptornis uintae Cracraft 1971
G. †Paracrax Brodkorb 1964
+
†Paracrax antiqua Shufeldt 1915
†Paracrax gigantea Cracraft 1968
†Paracrax wetmorei Cracraft 1968
Fm. †Hermosiornithidae Kraglievich 1932
+
G. †Mesembriornis Moreno 1889
+
†Mesembriornis quatrefagesi Moreno and Mercerat 1891
Invalid names: Hermosiornis Rovereto 1914 [synonym], Palaeociconia Moreno 1889 [synonym], Prophororhacos [synonym]
G. †Gradiornis Mayr 2007
+
Fm. †Idiornithidae Brodkorb 1965
+
G. †Dynamopterus Milne-Edward 1891
+
†Dynamopterus boulei Gaillard 1939
†Dynamopterus gaillardi Cracraft 1973
†Dynamopterus gallicus Milne-Edwards 1891
†Dynamopterus gracilis Milne-Edwards 1892
†Dynamopterus minor Milne-Edwards 1891
†Dynamopterus velox Milne-Edwards 1891
+
Invalid names: Idiornis cursor Milne-Edwards 1892 [synonym]
G. †Oblitavis Mourer-Chauvire 1983
G. †Occitaniavis Mourer-Chauvire 1983
G. †Itaboravis Mayr et al. 2011
+
†Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides Mayr et al. 2011
Fm. †Phorusrhacidae Ameghino 1889 [terror bird]
+
G. †Andalgalornis Patterson and Kraglievich 1960
+
†Andalgalornis ferox Patterson and Kraglievich 1960
†Andalgalornis steulleti Kraglievich 1931
G. †Andrewsornis Patterson 1941
+
†Andrewsornis abbotti Patterson 1941
Subfm. †Brontornithinae Moreno and Mercerat 1891
+
G. †Ameghinia Sharpe
G. †Paraphysornis Alvarenga 1993
+
†Paraphysornis brasiliensis Alvarenga 1982
Invalid names: Callornis Ameghino 1894 [nomen dubium]
G. †Devincenzia Kraglievich 1932
+
†Devincenzia gallinali Kraglievich 1932
†Devincenzia pozzi Kraglievich, 1931
Invalid names: Onactornis Cabrera 1939 [synonym]
G. †Kelenken Bertelli et al. 2007
+
†Kelenken guillermoi Bertelli et al. 2007
G. †Liornis Ameghino 1894
+
G. †Llallawavis Degrange et al. 2015
+
†Llallawavis scagliai Degrange et al. 2015
G. †Procariama Rovereto 1914
+
†Procariama simplex Rovereto 1914
Invalid names: Hermosiorninae Rovereto 1914 [synonym], Prophororhacinae [synonym]
G. †Patagorhacos Agnolin and Chafrat 2015
+
†Patagorhacos terrificus Agnolin and Chafrat 2015
Subfm. †Patagornithinae Mercerat 1897
+
G. †Patagornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891
+
†Patagornis marshi Moreno and Mercerat 1891
+
Invalid names: Palaeociconia cristata Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Phororhacos inflatus Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Morenomerceraria Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Tolmodus Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Palaeociconiinae [synonym], Tolmodinae Kraglievich, 1932 [synonym]
Subfm. †Phorusrhacinae Ameghino 1899
+
G. †Phorusrhacos Ameghino 1887
+
†Phororhacos affinis Ameghino 1899
†Phororhacos deautieri Kraglievich 1931
†Phorusrhacos longissimus Ameghino 1887
+
Invalid names: Callornis giganteus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Darwinornis copei Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Darwinornis socialis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Darwinornis zitteli Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Eucallornis giganteus Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Liornis minor Dolgopol de Saez 1927 [synonym], Mesembriornis quatrefragesi Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Mesembriornis studeri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Owenornis affinis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Owenornis lydekkeri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Phororhacos platygnathus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Phororhacos sehuensis Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Stereornis gaudryi Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Stereornis rollieri Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Titanornis mirabilis Mercerat 1893 [synonym]
Invalid names: Darwinornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Eucallornis Ameghino 1901 [synonym], Owenornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Stephanornis Mercerat 1893 [synonym], Stereornis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Titanornis Mercerat 1893 [synonym]
G. †Titanis Brodkorb 1963
+
†Titanis walleri Brodkorb 1963
G. †Physornis Ameghino 1895
+
†Physornis fortis Ameghino 1894
+
Invalid names: Aucornis euryrhyncus Ameghino 1898 [synonym]
Subfm. †Psilopterinae Dolgopol de Saez 1927
+
G. †Eleutherornis Schaub 1940
+
†Eleutherornis cotei Galliard 1936
†Eleutherornis helveticus Schaub 1940
G. †Paleopsilopterus Alvarenga 1985
+
G. †Psilopterus Moreno and Mercerat 1891
+
†Psilopterus bachmanni Moreno and Mercerat 1891
+
Invalid names: Phororhacos delicatus Amegino 1891 [synonym]
†Psilopterus colzecus Tonni and Tambussi 1988
†Psilopterus communis Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Psilopterus intermedius Moreno and Mercerat 1891
†Psilopterus lemoinei Moreno and Mercerat 1891
+
Invalid names: Pelecyornis tubulatus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Phororhacos modicus Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Psilopterus australis Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Staphylornis erythacus Mercerat 1897 [synonym], Staphylornis gallardoi Mercerat 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelecyornis Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Staphylornis Mercerat 1897 [synonym]
Invalid names: Pelecyorninae Ameghino 1891 [synonym]
Invalid names: Darwinornithidae Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Devincenziidae Kraglievich 1932 [synonym], Mesembriorniidae Kraglievich 1932 [synonym]
Invalid names: Otides Sibley 1988 [empty], Phororhacoidea Patterson 1941 [invalid subgroup], Phororhacosidae Ameghino 1889 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Selandian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 61.66000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 59.24 Ma

Collections (93 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Germany (Saxony-Anhalt) Gradiornis walbeckensis (74643)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensis, Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides (118314)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Antarctica Phorusrhacidae indet. (52067)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03Algeria (Bechar region) Lavocatavis africana (77015)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03France (Rhone) Eleutherornis cotei (151252)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03Argentina (Chubut) Psilopterinae indet. (44956)
MP 1148.07 - 41.03Germany (Hessen) Dynamopterus sp. (120798) Dynamopterus tuberculatus (22701)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Germany (Hesse) Aenigmavis sapea (140304)
Mustersan48.0 - 42.0Argentina (Chubut) Psilopterinae indet. (38879)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Utah) Eutreptornis uintae (197280)
Uintan46.2 - 39.7USA (Wyoming) Eocathartes grallator (13323)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Switzerland (Baselland) Eleutherornis helveticus (31719)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Idiornis gaillardi (12840)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (Colorado) Bathornis veredus (99642)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (South Dakota) Bathornis veredus (16978 197281)
Chadronian37.0 - 33.9USA (Nebraska) Bathornis veredus (99641)
Orellan33.9 - 31.8USA (South Dakota) Bathornis celeripes (17084) Bathornis sp. (17094)
Whitneyan31.8 - 29.5USA (South Dakota) Bathornis geographicus (17329) Paracrax gigantea (17317) Paracrax wetmorei, Paracrax gigantea (17344)
Geringian29.5 - 24.7USA (South Dakota) Bathornis minor (17649)
Arikareean29.5 - 18.5USA (Wyoming) Bathornis fricki (17727)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Mendoza) Andrewsornis sp. (176466) Phorusrhacidae indet. (186516)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Peru (Moquegua) Phorusrhacidae indet. (59940 176470)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Chubut) Andrewsornis abotti, Physornis sp. (14211)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Argentina (Santa Cruz) Andrewsornis abbotti (176269) Physornis fortis, Psilopterus affinis (50074)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Uruguay (Canelones) Devincenzia gallinali (176488)
Deseadan29.0 - 21.0Bolivia Phorusrhacidae indet. (95688)
Late/Upper Oligocene27.3 - 23.04Brazil (São Paulo) Physornis brasiliensis (148390)
MP 2527.3 - 23.04France (Occitanie) Dynamopterus velox (184214)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Argentina (Santa Cruz) Phorusrhacos longissimus (211270)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98Argentina Stereornis gaudryi, Mesembriornis studeri, Patagornis lemoinei (66154)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.04 - 0.0117Argentina (Santa Cruz) Physornis fortis (54123)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Mendoza) Phorusrhacidae indet. (189522)
Colhuehuapian21.0 - 17.5Argentina (Río Negro) Psilopterinae indet., Patagorhacos terrificus (89093)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.45 - 13.82Argentina (Santa Cruz) Patagornis marshi, Psilopterus lemoinei, Phorusrhacos longissimus (197691)
Santacrucian17.5 - 16.3Argentina (Santa Cruz) Patagornis marshi, Brontornithidae indet., Psilopterus bachmanni, Psilopterus lemoinei, Phorusrhacos longissimus (176565) Patagornis marshi, Phororhacos longissimus, Psilopterus australis (176603) Patagornis marshi, Psilopterus bachmanni, Psilopterus lemoinei (176564) Patagornis marshi, Psilopterus lemoinei, Phorusrhacos longissimus (176566) Phorusrhacidae indet., Phorusrhacos longissimus (142529) Phorusrhacos longissimus (176571 176594) Psilopterus bachmanni (176598 176602 210153) Psilopterus lemoinei (87314 176567 176578 176589 210787) Psilopterus lemoinei, Phorusrhacinae indet., Phorusrhacos longissimus (142533) Psilopterus sp. (210638 210786) Psilopterus sp., Patagornis marshi, Palaeociconia cristata, Stereornis rollieri, Phororhacos longissimus, Darwinornis copei, Owenornis lydekkeri, Darwinornis zitteli, Darwinornis socialis, Owenornis affinis, Psilopterus australis, Mesembriornis quatrefragesi, Patagornis bachmanni, Psilopterus communis, Psilopterus intermedius, Psilopterus lemoinei (27313) Psilopterus sp., Phorusrhacos longissimus (176563)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Bolivia (Potosí) Phorusrhacidae indet. (68402)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Colombia (Huila) Phorusrhacinae indet. (237274)
Colloncuran15.5 - 13.8Argentina (Mendoza) Psilopteridae indet. (145811)
Colloncuran15.5 - 13.8Argentina (Río Negro) Kelenken guillermoi (74646)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Argentina (Chubut) Psilopterinae indet. (122031 122079)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Brazil (Acre) Phorusrhacinae indet. (136717)
Chasicoan10.0 - 8.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Psilopterus colzecus (79180)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Catamarca) Procariama simplex (157794)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (La Pampa) Phorusrhacidae indet. (204361) Phorusrhacidae indet., Procariama simplex (87198)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Andalgalornis sp., Onactornis sp., Phororhacidae indet. (55600) Phorusrhacidae indet., Andalgalornis steulleti, Devincenzia pozzi (140471)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Onactornis depressus (212302) Phorusrhacidae indet. (87200)
Huayquerian - Montehermosan8.0 - 3.8Argentina (Catamarca) Mesembriornis incertus, Procariama simplex (206027)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Argentina (Catamarca) Procariama simplex (198820)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Argentina (Buenos Aires) Hermosiornis sp. (191768)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6USA (Texas) Titanis walleri (190634)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Mesembriornis milneedwardsi (152081 152085 198863) Palaeociconia australis, Mesembriornis milneedwardsi (13503)
Chapadmalalan3.8 - 3.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) Llallawavis scagliai (198849)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774Uruguay (San José) Phorusrhacinae indet. (211257)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8USA (Florida) Titanis walleri (19758 20384 190641)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Uruguay (Montevideo) Phorusrhacidae indet. (120884)
Lujanian0.4 - 0.0117Uruguay (Soriano) Phorusrhacidae indet. (211281) Psilopterus sp. (211282)