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Griffithides

Artiopoda - Proetida - Phillipsiidae

Taxonomy
Griffithides was named by Portlock (1843) [Sepkoski's age data: C Tour-l C Step-l Sepkoski's reference number: 389]. It is the type genus of Griffithidinae.

It was reranked as Phillipsia (Griffithides) by Meek and Worthen (1870).

It was assigned to Phillipsia by Meek and Worthen (1870); to Phillipsiidae by Campbell and Engel (1963); to Proetidae by Jell and Adrain (2002); to Proetida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Griffithidinae by Osmólska (1970), Tilsley (1988), Brezinski (2007), Hahn et al. (2012), Brezinski (2025).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1843Griffithides Portlock p. 310
1870Phillipsia (Griffithides) Meek and Worthen
1963Griffithides Campbell and Engel p. 112
1970Griffithides Osmólska p. 108
1988Griffithides Tilsley p. 168
2002Griffithides Jell and Adrain p. 380
2002Griffithides Sepkoski
2007Griffithides Brezinski pp. 741 - 742
2012Griffithides Hahn et al.
2025Griffithides Brezinski p. 168

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaGravenhorst 1843
RankNameAuthor
classArtiopodaHou and Bergstrom
classTrilobitaWalch 1771
orderProetidaFortey and Owens 1975
superfamilyProetoideaHawle and Corda 1847
familyPhillipsiidaeOehlert 1886
subfamilyGriffithidinaeHupé 1953
genusGriffithides

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Griffithides Portlock 1843
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Subg. †Griffithides (Griffithides) Portlock 1843
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Subg. †Griffithides (Particeps) Reed 1943
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†Griffithides acanthiceps Woodward 1884
†Griffithides ornatus Vogdes 1895
†Griffithides pustulosus Snider 1915
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
H. Osmólska 1970Cephalon with genal spines, glabella elongate, gibbous anteriorly with
basal lobe small and distinctly detached ; pygidium broadly rounded posteriorly with concave or at least flattened and horizontally placed border; 13-15 pygidial rings ; 9-10 ribs; rings and ribs distinctly delimited, convex; ornamentation granular, usually dense and coarse.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitec
Composition 2: chitinc
Ontogeny: molting, addition of partsc
Environment: marinec
Locomotion: fast-movingc
Life habit: low-level epifaunalc
Diet: deposit feedero
Vision: well-developedf
Created: 2009-12-19 02:34:58
Modified: 2009-12-19 04:34:58
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class
References: Fortey and Owens 1999, Whittington et al. 1997, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Osagean to the top of the Roadian or 351.90000 to 266.90000 Ma

Collections (50 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tournaisian358.86 - 346.7USA (Iowa) G. sp. (3339)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Indiana) G. sp. (224227 224231)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Alaska) G. sp. (112171 112176 112178)
Mississippian358.86 - 323.4USA (Arizona) G. sp. (124289)
Carboniferous358.86 - 298.9USA (Arizona) G. sp. (123798 124253 124254)
Ivorian353.7 - 346.7Czechia G. claviger (42547)
Ivorian353.7 - 346.7Belgium G. longispinus (37124)
Ivorian353.7 - 346.7Spain (Cáceres) G. ibericus (37218)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Indiana) G. sp. (551 567)
Osagean351.9 - 342.9USA (Kentucky) G. sp. (59889)
Chadian - Arundian346.7 - 339.9USA (Indiana) G. sp. (556)
Visean346.7 - 330.3Germany G. longispinus, G. belenus (37578)
Visean346.7 - 330.3United Kingdom G. longispinus (37318)
Visean346.7 - 330.3Poland G. acanthiceps (42474)
Visean346.7 - 330.3United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) G. longiceps (42545) G. longispinus, G. longiceps (37572)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Kentucky) G. sp. (2713)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4USA (Alaska) G. megalopos (132287)
Meramecian342.9 - 335.4Canada (Alberta) G. sp. (62394 62396)
Asbian339.9 - 335.9United Kingdom G. acanthiceps (42475 42476) G. longiceps (42544)
Asbian339.9 - 335.9United Kingdom (England) G. acanthiceps (5966) G. longiceps (5994)
Asbian - Brigantian339.9 - 330.3United Kingdom (England) G. acanthiceps (28383)
Brigantian335.9 - 330.3United Kingdom (England) G. whitewatsoni (5968)
Chesterian335.4 - 323.4USA (Arizona) G. sp. (124256)
Late/Upper Mississippian330.3 - 323.4USA (Alaska) G. sp. (112170 112182)
Early/Lower Pennsylvanian323.4 - 315.2USA (California) G. sp. (229444)
Early/Lower Pennsylvanian323.4 - 315.2USA (Nevada) G. ornatus (229445) G. sp. (229428)
Pennsylvanian323.4 - 298.9USA (Michigan) G. sp. (276085)
Atokan318.6 - 312.8USA (Colorado) G. sp. (275969)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0USA (Alaska) G. majus (132285)
Desmoinesian312.8 - 306.0USA (Kansas) G. sp. (926 982)
Gzhelian303.7 - 298.9Russian Federation G. uralicus (196389)
Asselian298.9 - 293.52USA (Alaska) G. sp. (109345)
Permian298.9 - 251.902USA (Alaska) G. sp. (112204 112227)
Roadian274.4 - 266.9Ukraine G. sp. 1, G. sp. 2, G. sp. 3, G. sp. 4 (119279)
Roadian - Wordian274.4 - 264.28USA (California) G. nosonensis (105657)