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Halecomorphi
Taxonomy
Halecomorphi was named by Cope (1872). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Halecomorphi by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the superorder Halecomorphi by Hall and Wolberg (1989); it was reranked as the unranked clade Halecomorphi by Brito (2000), Nelson (2006), Cavin et al. (2007), Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (2008), Machado et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
It was assigned to Actinopterygia by Cope (1887); to Pisces by Cope (1891); to Holostei by Hay (1902); to Ganoidei by Jordan (1963); to Actinopterygii by Hall and Wolberg (1989), Brito (2000); to Holostei by Cavin et al. (2007); to Teleostei by Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (2008); to Neopterygii by Machado et al. (2013); to Holostei by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Halecostomi by Nelson (2006), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
It was reranked as the suborder Halecomorphi by Hay (1902); it was reranked as the superorder Halecomorphi by Hall and Wolberg (1989); it was reranked as the unranked clade Halecomorphi by Brito (2000), Nelson (2006), Cavin et al. (2007), Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (2008), Machado et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
It was assigned to Actinopterygia by Cope (1887); to Pisces by Cope (1891); to Holostei by Hay (1902); to Ganoidei by Jordan (1963); to Actinopterygii by Hall and Wolberg (1989), Brito (2000); to Holostei by Cavin et al. (2007); to Teleostei by Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena (2008); to Neopterygii by Machado et al. (2013); to Holostei by Nelson et al. (2016); and to Halecostomi by Nelson (2006), Carnevale and Godfrey (2018).
Subtaxa
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1857 | Pholidophorus oblongus Bellotti |
| 1872 | Halecomorphi Cope |
| 1887 | Halecomorphi Cope p. 1018 |
| 1891 | Halecomorphi Cope p. 1 |
| 1902 | Halecomorphi Hay p. 378 |
| 1910 | Palaeoniscus curioni de Alessandri p. 127 figs. Pl 8, figs 5,8 |
| 1910 | Pholidophorus curionii de Alessandri p. 127 figs. Pl 8, figs 5,8 |
| 1910 | Pholidophorus oblongus de Alessandri p. 129 figs. Pl 8, figs 9,10 |
| 1963 | Halecomorphi Jordan p. 615 |
| 1989 | Halecomorphi Hall and Wolberg |
| 2000 | Halecomorphi Brito p. 750 |
| 2006 | Halecomorphi Nelson p. 95 |
| 2007 | Halecomorphi Cavin et al. |
| 2008 | Halecomorphi Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena |
| 2013 | Halecomorphi Machado et al. |
| 2016 | Halecomorphi Nelson et al. p. 124 |
| 2018 | Halecomorphi Carnevale and Godfrey p. 164 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. Halecomorphi Cope 1872
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G. †Cipactlichthys Brito and Alvarado-Ortega 2013
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†Cipactlichthys scutatus Brito and Alvarado-Ortega 2013
Fm. †Ionoscopidae Lehman 1966
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G. †Quetzalichthys Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena 2008
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†Quetzalichthys perrilliatae Alvarado-Ortega and Espinosa-Arrubarrena 2008
Or. †Ionoscopiformes Grande and Bemis 1998
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G. †Asialepidotus Su 1959
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Invalid names: Guizhouella Liu 2003 [synonym], Guizhoueugnathus Liu 2004 [synonym]
Fm. †Furidae Jordan 1923
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G. †Archaeosemionotus Deecke 1889
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†Archaeosemionotus connectens Deecke 1889
Invalid names: Semionotus balsami Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium]
G. †Furo Gistl 1848
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†Furo insignis Kner 1866
†Furo normandica Wenz 1965
†Furo orthostomus Agassiz 1842
Invalid names: Eugnathus Agassiz 1839 [replaced]
Invalid names: Eugnathidae Woodward 1895 [replaced]
G. †Sanctusichthys López-Arbarello et al. 2020
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†Sanctusichthys rieteri López-Arbarello et al. 2020
Fm. †Subortichthyidae Feng et al. 2023
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Or. †Ophiopsiformes Ebert 2018
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Fm. †Ophiopsiellidae Ebert 2018
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G. †Ophiopsiella Lane and Ebert 2015
G. †Teoichthys Applegate 1988
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†Teoichthys brevipina Machado et al. 2013
†Teoichthys kallistos Applegate 1988
Fm. †Ophiopsiidae Bartram 1975
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G. †Ophiopsis Agassiz 1834
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†Ophiopsis aequalis Wagner 1863
†Ophiopsis attenuata Wagner 1863
†Ophiopsis bellottii Bassani 1886
†Ophiopsis breviceps Egerton 1852
†Ophiopsis dorsalis Agassiz 1843
†Ophiopsis flesheri Agassiz 1843
†Ophiopsis guigardi Thiollière 1873
†Ophiopsis muensteri Agassiz 1834
†Ophiopsis penicillatus Agassiz 1843
†Ophiopsis procerus Agassiz 1837
†Ophiopsis tenuiserrata Agassiz 1838
Fm. †Sinamiidae Berg 1940
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G. †Ikechaoamia Liu 1961
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†Ikechaoamia meridionalis Zhang and Zhang 1980
†Ikechaoamia orientalis Liu 1961
†Sinamiidae naga Cavin et al. 2007
Invalid names: Parasemionotiformes Lehmann 1966 [empty], Pholidophorus curionii de Alessandri 1910 [nomen dubium], Pholidophorus oblongus Bellotti 1857 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Pelsonian to the top of the Late/Upper Cenomanian or 244.24000 to 93.90000 Ma
Collections (136 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pelsonian | China (Guizhou) | Panxianichthys imparilis (88049 158207 184170) | |
| Pelsonian | Slovenia | Furo sp. (166628) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Yunnan) | Robustichthys luopingensis (156672) Robustichthys luopingensis, Subortichthys triassicus (156671) | |
| Illyrian | Italy | Eoeugnathus megalepis (122150) Pholidophorus curionii (117943) Semionotus gibbus, Nothosomus bellottii (149323) | |
| Fassanian | Switzerland | Archaeosemionotus sp. (153375 153376 153377) Eoeugnathus sp. (122066 180495 180510) Prosantichthys buergini, Eoeugnathus megalepis (117530) | |
| Ladinian | Spain | Allolepidotus nothosomoides (148736) Archaeosemionotus sp., Allolepidotus nothosomoides (148739) Archaeosemionotus sp., Eoeugnathus megalepis (148737) Archaeosemionotus sp., Eoeugnathus megalepis, Allolepidotus nothosomoides (148734 148735) Eoeugnathus megalepis (148738) Eoeugnathus sp. (149852 149853) | |
| Longobardian | Switzerland | Allolepidotus bellottii (148423) Archaeosemionotus sp. (122020) | |
| Longobardian | China (Guizhou) | Asialepidotus shingyiensis (192980) Asialepidotus shingyiensis, Xingyia gracilis (146380) Asialepidotus sp., Asialepidotus shingyiensis (98907) Guizhouella analilepida (146379) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis (135735) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis, Asialepidotus shingyiensis (98691) | |
| Longobardian | China (Yunnan) | Asialepidotus shingyiensis (192977 192978 192979) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis (232212) Sinoeugnathus kueichowensis, Asialepidotus shingyiensis (129640) | |
| Longobardian | Italy | Allolepidotus bellottii, Furo trottii (116568) Allolepidotus nothosomoides (153406) Allolepidotus rueppelli (153407) Archaeosemionotus connectens (180690) Heterolepidotus egidiivenantii (153405) Pholidophorus oblongus, Pholidophorus curionii (153408) Pholidophorus rueppelli, Pholidophorus oblongus, Semionotus balsami, Eugnathus hermesi, Heterolepidotus taramellii (153401) Semionotus inermis, Semionotus bellottii, Palaeoniscus curioni (153100) | |
| Longobardian | Italy (Lecco) | Allolepidotus nothosomoides, Pholidophorus oblongus, Allolepidotus bellottii, Allolepidotus rueppelli, Pholidophorus curionii, Archaeosemionotus connectens (120901) | |
| Alaunian | Italy | Pholidophorus cephalus, Eugnathus brachilepis, Notagogus incertus (153108) | |
| Alaunian | Austria (Tirol) | Pholidophorus dorsalis, Semionotus striatus, Pholidophorus cephalus (130601) Pholidophorus dorsalis, Semionotus striatus, Pholidophorus cephalus, Eugnathus insignis (130602) | |
| Rhaetian | Luxembourg | Heterolepidotus sp. (67895) | |
| Late/Upper Hettangian | France | Heterolepidotus angulati (122726) | |
| Planorbis | United Kingdom | Pholidophorus hastingsiae, Lepidotus serrulatus (131892) | |
| Planorbis | United Kingdom (England) | Lepidotus serrulatus (122157) Pholidophorus hastingsiae, Lepidotus serrulatus (122158) | |
| Hettangian - Sinemurian | United Kingdom | Pholidophorus hastingsiae (132035) | |
| Bucklandi | Italy | Furo sp. (90673) | |
| Early/Lower Sinemurian | United Kingdom | Heterolepidotus grandis (153104) | |
| Raricostatum | Portugal | Furo orthostomus (127285) | |
| Sinemurian | United Kingdom (England) | Eugnathus orthostomus, Eugnathus philpotae, Eugnathus minor, Heterolepidotus latus (122153) Osteorachis macrocephalus, Eugnathus orthostomus, Eugnathus philpotae, Eugnathus minor, Heterolepidotus latus, Isocolum granulatum, Eulepidotus sauroides (122155) Osteorachis macrocephalus, Eugnathus orthostomus, Eugnathus philpotae, Eugnathus minor, Lissolepis serratus, Eugnathus altus, Heterolepidotus latus, Eulepidotus sauroides (122154) | |
| Ibex | United Kingdom (Dorset) | Heterolepidotus latus (159158) | |
| Spinatum | France (Ardennes) | Eugnathidae indet. (149428) | |
| Early/Lower Toarcian | France | Furo normandica (122732) | |
| Laeviuscula | France | Halecomorphi indet. (179497) | |
| Bathonian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Sinamiidae indet. (61891) | |
| Bathonian | Morocco (Figuig) | Ionoscopiformes indet. (176120 176122 176123) | |
| Bathonian | United Kingdom (England) | Pholidophorus flesherii (131982) | |
| Kimmeridgian | France | Ophiopsis attenuata (131960) | |
| Kimmeridgian | Germany | Ophiopsis attenuata, Ophiopsis tenuiserrata (131961) | |
| Kimmeridgian - Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Ophiopsis sp. (12816 39431) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Bavaria) | Callopterus sp. (132944) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Furo aldingeri, Furo microlepidotus, Furo praelongus, Furo sp., Ophiopsis procera (154138) Sanctusichthys rieteri (216697) | |
| Late/Upper Kimmeridgian | Germany (Eastern Bavaria) | Ophiopsis muensteri (187436) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Ophiopsis sp., Eugnathus sp. (35262) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Germany | Ophiopsis procera, Ophiopsis aequalis (121197) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Ionoscopiformes indet. (164377) | |
| Early/Lower Tithonian | Poland | Halecomorphi indet. (216435) | |
| Tithonian | USA (Wyoming) | Ophiopsis sp. (39426 39427) | |
| Late/Upper Tithonian - Early/Lower Berriasian | Spain (Castilla y León) | Halecomorphi indet. (236793) | |
| Berriasian | United Kingdom (England) | Ophiopsis breviceps (131980) Ophiopsis penicillata, Ophiopsis dorsalis (131852) | |
| Berriasian | France (Poitou-Charentes) | Ionoscopiformes indet. (142093) | |
| Berriasian - Valanginian | China (Shandong) | Sinamia zdanskyi (47070) | |
| Early/Lower Cretaceous | Japan (Fukui) | Sinamia sp. (207793) | |
| Late/Upper Berriasian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Callopterus sp. (45760) | |
| Late/Upper Valanginian | United Kingdom (England) | Neorhombolepis sp. (96621) | |
| Valanginian - Early/Lower Hauterivian | China (Nei Mongol) | Sinamia sp. (46931) | |
| Late/Upper Hauterivian - Aptian | Japan (Gifu) | Sinamia sp. (50310) | |
| Barremian | Japan (Fukui) | Sinamia sp. (207791 219134) | |
| Barremian | Japan (Ishikawa) | Sinamia sp. (32324 50357 50359) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Thailand (Changwat) | Siamamia sp. (201767) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Thailand (Udon Thani) | Siamamia sp. (140552) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian | Thailand (Sakon Nakhon) | Siamamia sp. (204916) Sinamiidae indet., Siamamia naga, Amiidae indet. (79489) | |
| Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | Belgium (Hainaut) | Callopterus insignis, Ophiopsis dorsalis, Ophiopsis sp. (22645) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | China (Liaoning) | Sinamia sp. (50469 67611) | |
| Barremian - Aptian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk) | Sinamiidae indet. (53148) | |
| Aptian | Russian Federation (Kemerovo) | Sinamiidae indet. (39680) | |
| Aptian | China (Jilin) | Sinamia sp. (197339) | |
| Aptian | China (Heilongjiang) | Sinamia sp. (144917) | |
| Aptian - Albian | Thailand (Ubon Ratchathani) | Sinamiidae indet. (52346) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | USA (Texas) | Macrepistius sp., Ophiopsis sp. (14408) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Pernambuco) | Oshunia brevis (193050) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Oshunia brevis (92290) Placidichthys bidorsalis (124310) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | Brazil (Pernacumbo) | Oshunia brevis (165422) | |
| Early/Lower Albian | USA (Texas) | Macrepistius arenatus (99156) Macrepistius sp. (11298 99146) | |
| Early/Lower Albian - Middle Albian | Kyrgyzstan (Osh) | Furo sp. (92400) | |
| Albian | USA (Texas) | Macrepistius sp. (14390 14411 27604 27606 27613) | |
| Middle Albian - Late/Upper Albian | Mexico (Puebla) | Quetzalichthys perrilliatae (133991 134809) Teoichthys brevipina, Cipactlichthys scutatus (80283) Teoichthys kallistos (136733 138747) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lebanon | Petalopteryx syriacus (221080 221186) Spathiurus dorsalis (221655) Spathiurus dorsalis, Amphilaphurus major (216596) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Spain (Asturias) | Ionoscopiformes indet. (98396) | |
| Cenomanian - Turonian | United Kingdom (England) | Lophiostomus dixoni (238510) |