PBDB Taxon

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Medusozoa

Taxonomy

Medusozoa is a subphylum. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Kayal et al. (2013).

It was assigned to Cnidaria by Kayal et al. (2013), Miller et al. (2022).

Subtaxa

Auroralumina, Burgessomedusa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
2013	Medusozoa Kayal et al.
2022	Medusozoa Miller et al. p. 2376

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Medusozoa
subphylum	Medusozoa

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subph. Medusozoa

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G. †Auroralumina Dunn et al. 2022

†Auroralumina attenboroughii Dunn et al. 2022

G. †Burgessomedusa Moon et al. 2023

†Burgessomedusa phasmiformis Moon et al. 2023

Cl. Cubozoa [box jellyfish]

Or. Carybdeida

G. †Anthracomedusa Johnson and Richardson, Jr. 1968

†Anthracomedusa turnbulli Johnson and Richardson, Jr. 1968

Fm. Carybdeidae Gegenbaur 1856

G. Carybdea Peron and Lesueur 1809

G. †Quadrimedusina

Cl. Hydrozoa Owen 1843

G. †Delheidia

G. †Fistulella Shuysky 1970

G. †Graptogeitonia

Or. Hydroida Johnston 1836

G. †Archaeonectris

Subor. Calyptoblastina Allman 1871

G. †Archaeoantennularia

Fm. Campanulariidae Johnston 1836

Subfm. Campanulariinae Johnston 1836

G. Hydrallmania Hincks 1869

†Hydrallmania graptolithiformis Voigt 1973

G. †Kristinella

G. †Mesokylix

G. †Palaeokylix

G. †Palaeotuba

G. †Protohalecium

G. †Sphenoecium

G. †Cambrohydra Hu 2005

†Cambrohydra ercaia Hu 2005

Subor. †Chondrophorina Chamisso and Eysenhardt 1821

Fm. †Chondroplidae Wade 1971

G. †Palaelophacmaea

G. †Gelenoptron Conway Morris 1993

G. †Clyxhydra Kozlowski 1959

G. †Drevotella Nitecki and Richardson 1972

G. †Flexihydra

Subor. Gymnoblastina Bayer et al. 1956

Fm. Hydractiniidae Agassiz 1862

G. †Cycloporidium

G. †Philippinactinia

G. †Stromactinia

Fm. Oceaniidae Eschscholtz 1829

G. †Crucimedusina

G. †Inocaulis Hall 1852

†Inocaulis plumulosa Hall 1852

Fm. †Lafoeidae Hincks 1868

G. †Filelloides Jarms and Voigt 1994

†Filelloides cretacea Jarms and Voigt 1994

G. †Mazohydra

G. †Palaeacmea

†Palaeacmea solarium Angelin and Lindström 1880

G. †Palaeonectris

G. †Parleria

G. †Pontifennia Cope 2005

†Pontifennia gracilis Cope 2005

G. †Protulophila

G. †Psammactinia

G. †Rhabdohydra

Subor. Thecata Fleming 1828

G. †Eisenackiella Taylor 1988

†Eisenackiella thanetensis Taylor 1988

Subcl. Hydroidolina Collins 2000

Or. Anthoathecata Cornelius 1992

Subor. Capitata Kuhn 1913

Superfm. Porpitoidea Goldfuss 1818

G. †Kerunia Mayer-Eymar 1899

†Kerunia cornuta Mayer-Eymar 1899

Or. †Lemniscaterina Gallitelli 1979

Fm. †Cassianastraeidae Montanaro-Gallitelli 1980

G. †Cassianastraea Volz 1897

†Cassianastraea reussi Laube 1865

Invalid names: Hydrosclera plumosa Gaetani and Fois 1978 [synonym]

Invalid names: Hydrosclera Gaetani and Fois 1978 [synonym]

G. †Pentasmilia Deng 2006

†Pentasmilia guangxiensis Deng 2006

Invalid names: Lemniscateridae Montanaro-Gallitelli [empty]

G. †Likinia

Or. †Limnomedusae Kramp 1938

Fm. †Olindiadidae Haeckel 1879

G. †Progonionemus Grauvogel and Gall 1962

†Progonionemus vogesiacus Grauvogel and Gall 1962

Fm. †Milleporidae

G. †Milleaster Ulrich 1904

†Milleaster incrustans Ulrich 1904

†Milleaster subramosus Ulrich 1904

G. †Permostroma Wu 1991

†Permostroma sinensis Wu 1991

Or. Milleporina [fire coral]

Fm. †Axoporidae Boschma 1951

G. †Axopora

†Axopora aggtelekensis Scholz 1972

†Axopora cleithridium Squires 1958

G. †Axoporella

G. †Diamantopora

Fm. †Heterastrididae Frech 1890

G. †Heterastridium Reuss 1865

†Heterastridium conglobatum Reuss 1854

Invalid names: Stoliczkaria [synonym]

G. Millepora

†Millepora alcicornis Linnaeus 1758

†Millepora depauperata Reuss 1864

Invalid names: Millepora cylindrica Reuss 1864 [synonym]

†Millepora dichotoma Forskal 1775

†Millepora irregularis Rehfeld and Ernst 1998

†Millepora mammillaris d'Achiardi 1867

†Millepora platyphylla Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1834

†Millepora subpirenaica Altuna et al. 2007

†Millepora verrucosa Reuss 1868

G. †Palaeomillepora

G. †Subaxopora

Fm. †Nigriporellidae Rigby 1958

G. †Tubiphytes Maslov 1956

†Tubiphytes gracilis Schafer and Senowbary-Daryan 1983

†Tubiphytes polyvesica Wu 1991

†Tubiphytes spinalis Wu 1991

†Tubiphytes tubularis Wu 1991

G. †Plumalina Hall 1858

†Plumalina gracilis Hall 1858

G. †Rhizostromella

G. †Roseoporella

†Roseoporella heuvelmansi Zapalski 2012

Or. Siphonophorida

G. †Protolyella

Fm. Velellidae Brandt 1835

G. †Plectodiscus Ruedemann 1916

†Plectodiscus berlinensis Hogler and Hanger 1989

†Plectodiscus discoideus Rauff 1939

Invalid names: Silurovelella Fisher 1957 [synonym]

G. Velella Lamarck 1801

Or. †Sphaeractinida

G. †Globostroma

G. †Paronaria

Or. †Spongiomorphida Alloiteau 1952

G. †Jillua Krumbeck 1913

†Jillua tubifera Krumbeck 1913

Fm. †Spongiomorphidae Frech 1890

G. †Heptastylis Frech 1890

†Heptastylis aquilae Smith 1927

†Heptastylis oregonensis Smith 1927

G. †Spongiomorpha Frech 1890

Subg. †Spongiomorpha (Heptastylopsis) Frech 1890

†Spongiomorpha acyclica Frech 1890

†Spongiomorpha asiatica Yabe and Sugiyama

†Spongiomorpha globosa Yabe and Sugiyama 1931

†Spongiomorpha minor Frech 1890

†Spongiomorpha tenuis Smith 1927

G. †Stoliczkiella

Or. Stylasterina [lace coral]

G. †Calyptopora

G. †Crypthelia Milne-Edwards and Haime 1849

†Crypthelia vetusta Wells 1976

G. Distichopora

†Distichopora nitida Verrill 1864

G. †Inferiolabiata

G. †Lepidopora

G. †Stenohelia Kent 1870

†Stenohelia boschmai Wells 1976

G. Stylaster

†Stylaster cretaceous Jell et al. 2011

†Stylaster gigas Cairns and Grant-Mackie 1993

†Stylaster milleri Durham 1942

†Stylaster roseus Pallas 1766

Fm. Stylasteridae Gray 1847

Subfm. Errininae Hickson 1912

G. Errina

G. Pliobothrus

G. Sporadopora

Subfm. Stylasterinae Gray 1847

G. Allopora

G. Astya Stechow 1921

G. †Congregopora

G. Conopora

Invalid names: Distichoporinae Stechow 1921 [empty]

Or. †Trachylinida

G. †Acsaspedites

G. †Hydrocsaspedota

Subor. Narcomedusina Haeckel 1879

Fm. Cuninidae Broch 1929

G. †Acalepha

Or. †Tubulariae

G. Hydractinia

†Hydractinia cretacea Fischer 1867

†Hydractinia multispinosa Ulrich 1904

G. †Tubuloparietes Schnorf 1960

Invalid names: Actinulida Swedmark and Teissier 1959 [empty], Hydrocorallinae Mosley [empty], Narcomedusae Haeckel 1879 [empty]

Cl. Scyphozoa Goette 1887 [jellyfish]

G. †Adesmoconularia

Or. †Anabaritida

Fm. †Anabaritidae Missarzhevsky 1974

G. †Aculeochrea Val'kov and Sysoev 1970

†Aculeochrea ornata Val'kov and Sysoev 1970

†Aculeochrea rugosa Val'kov and Sysoev 1970

Invalid names: Longiochrea Val'kov and Sysoev 1970 [synonym]

G. †Anabarites Voronova and Missarzhevsky 1969

†Anabarites biplicatus Missarzhevsky 1989

Invalid names: Anabarites bisulcatus Federov 1990 [synonym]

†Anabarites compositus Rozanov et al. 1969

†Anabarites hariolus Val'kov 1987

†Anabarites hexasulcatus Missarzhevsky 1974

Invalid names: Anabaritellus xishuiensis Qian 1977 [synonym]

†Anabarites kelleri Missarzhevsky 1989

†Anabarites korobovi Rozanov and Missarzhevsky 1966

†Anabarites latus Val'kov and Sysoev 1970

Invalid names: Angustiochrea magna Bokova 1990 [synonym]

†Anabarites modestus Bokova 1985

†Anabarites natellus Val'kov and Sysoev 1970

Invalid names: Lobiochrea formosa Bokova 1990 [synonym], Lobiochrea trialata Val'kov 1989 [synonym]

†Anabarites rectus Vasil'eva 1984

†Anabarites sexalox Bengtson et al. 1990

†Anabarites signatus Missarzhevsky and Mambetov 1981

†Anabarites tristichus Rozanov et al. 1969

Invalid names: Anabarites gracilis Chen 1984 [synonym], Jakutiochrea lenta Val'kov 1987 [synonym], Jakutiochrea portentosa Val'kov 1987 [synonym], Jakutiochrea solita Val'kov 1987 [synonym]

†Anabarites trisulcatus Voronova and Missarzhevsky 1969

Invalid names: Anabarites grandis Val'kov 1982 [synonym], Anabarites obliquasulcatus Qian 1978 [synonym], Anabarites primitivus Qian and Jiang 1980 [synonym], Anabarites rotundum Qian 1977 [synonym], Anabarites rotundus Qian 1989 [synonym], Anabarites sulcoconvex Qian 1978 [synonym], Anabarites tenuistriatus Qian 1989 [synonym], Anabarites undulatus Qian 1978 [synonym]

†Anabarites trymatus Bengtson et al. 1990

†Anabarites valkovi Bokova 1990

†Anabarites voluta Rozanov et al. 1969

Invalid names: Anabaritellus Missarzhevsky 1974 [synonym], Angustiochrea Val'kov and Sysoev 1970 [synonym], Jakutiochrea Val'kov and Sysoev 1970 [synonym], Kotuites Missarzhevsky 1989 [synonym], Kugdatheca Rozanov et al. 1969 [synonym], Lobiochrea Val'kov and Sysoev 1970 [synonym], Sexangulatus Federov 1990 [synonym], Udzhaites Vasil’eva 1986 [synonym]

G. †Cambrotubulus Rozanov et al. 1969

†Cambrotubulus corniformis Elicki 1994

†Cambrotubulus decurvatus Rozanov et al. 1969

Invalid names: Cambrotubulus conicus Missarzhevsky 1989 [synonym], Cambrotubulus crassus Federov 1990 [synonym], Cambrotubulus plicativus Val'kov 1987 [synonym], Platysolenites sibirica Val'kov 1968 [synonym]

G. †Mariochrea Val'kov 1982

†Mariochrea sinuosa Val'kov 1982

Invalid names: Gastreochrea viva Val'kov 1982 [synonym]

Invalid names: Gastreochrea Val'kov 1982 [synonym]

G. †Selindeochrea Val'kov 1982

†Selindeochrea missarzhevskyi Vasil’eva 1986

†Selindeochrea tecta Val'kov 1982

†Selindeochrea ternaria Rozanov et al. 1969

†Selindeochrea tricarinata Rozanov et al. 1969

†Selindeochrea tripartita Rozanov et al. 1969

Invalid names: Anabarites tribaculatus Bokova 1990 [synonym]

G. †Tiksitheca Rozanov et al. 1969

†Tiksitheca fangxianensis Duan 1984

†Tiksitheca huangshandongensis Qian et al. 1979

†Tiksitheca licis Rozanov et al. 1969

Invalid names: Anabaritinae Missarzhevsky 1974 [empty]

G. †Australoconularia

G. †Circonularia

G. †Climacoconus

G. †Conularina

Or. †Coronatida

Fm. Collaspididae Haeckel 1880

G. †Cannostomites

G. †Octomedusa Johnson and Richardson, Jr. 1968

†Octomedusa pieckorum Johnson and Richardson, Jr. 1968

Fm. Periphyllidae Claus 1886

Subfm. Paraphyllininae Maas 1903

G. †Epiphyllina

Fm. †Corumbellidae Hahn et al. 1982

G. †Corumbella

†Corumbella werneri Hahn et al. 1982

Subcl. †Discomedusae Haeckel 1880

Or. †Rhizostomeae

Fm. Leptobrachiidae Claus 1883

G. †Leptobrachites

G. †Prothysanostoma Ossian 1973

†Prothysanostoma eleanorae Ossian 1973

G. †Simplicibrachia

Or. Semaeostomeae Agassiz 1862

Fm. Cyaneidae Agassiz 1862

G. Cyanea Peron and Lesueur 1809

Fm. Eulithotidae Kieslinger 1939

G. †Eulithota

Fm. Pelagiidae Gegenbaur 1856

G. Pelagia Peron and Lesueur 1809

Fm. †Semaeostomitidae Harrington and Moore 1956

G. †Semaeostomites

Fm. Ulmariidae Haeckel 1880

G. Discomedusa Clauss 1877

G. †Garraconularia

G. †Hexangulaconularia

†Hexangulaconularia irregularis He 1984

G. †Holoconularia

Fm. †Olivooidae Steiner 2014

G. †Qinscyphus Liu et al. 2017

†Qinscyphus necopinus Liu et al. 2017

Unr. †Paleoscyphozoa Van Iten et al. 2014

Unr. †Conulatae Moore and Harrington 1956

Or. †Conulariida Miller and Gurley 1896

Subor. †Conchopeltina Moore and Harrington 1956

Subor. †Conulariina Miller and Gurley 1896

Fm. †Conulariopsidae Sugiyama 1942

G. †Vendoconularia Ivantsov and Fedonkin 2002

Or. †Conularina Miller and Gurley 1896

Fm. †Carinachitidae He 1987

Fm. †Hexangulaconulariidae He 1987

G. †Teresconularia Leme et al. 2003

†Teresconularia argentinensis Leme et al. 2003

Or. Coronatae Dong et al. 2013

G. †Olivooides Qian 1977

†Olivooides multisulcatus Qian 1977

G. †Reticulaconularia

G. †Tasmanoconularia

G. †Tirasiana

†Tirasiana cocarda Becker 1985

Invalid names: Lithorhizostomatida [empty], Scyphomedusae Lankester 1881 [empty]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

No ecological data are available

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wonokan to the top of the Holocene or 635.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 538.8 Ma

Collections (1360 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	United Kingdom (England)	Auroralumina attenboroughii (228457)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Russian Federation (Sakha)	Cambrotubulus sp. (99227)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul)	Corumbella werneri (237540 237543)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Russian Federation	Vendoconularia triradiata (10759)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Brazil	Corumbella werneri (51753 237528 237535) Paraconularia sp., Corumbella werneri (237533)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Namibia	Corumbella werneri (236924)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Paraguay	Corumbella werneri (131398 237510)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	USA (Nevada)	Corumbella sp. (7180 231412)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	China (Shaanxi)	Anabarites sp. (200480)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Mexico (Sonora)	Cambrotubulus decurvatus (10580 10581)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	Iran	Corumbella sp. (195101 195106 195107)
Ediacaran	635.0 - 538.8	India	Tirasiana sp. (99446 99448 209000)
Vendian	635.0 - 538.8	Brazil	Corumbella werneri (97562)
Wonokan - Poundian	635.0 - 538.8	Canada (Yukon)	Tirasiana sp. (10356 10358)
Jinnigian	538.8 - 530.7	China (Yunnan)	Anabarites trisulcatus (201536 201540) Anabarites trisulcatus, Cambrotubulus decurvatus (201525 201526 201535) Anabarites trisulcatus, Cambrotubulus decurvatus, Arthrochites emeishanensis, Olivooides multisulcatus (201524) Anabarites trisulcatus, Cambrotubulus decurvatus, Hexaconularia sichuanensis, Olivooides multisulcatus (201533 201537 201538 201539) Anabarites trisulcatus, Cambrotubulus decurvatus, Olivooides multisulcatus (201490) Anabarites trisulcatus, Olivooides multisulcatus (201491 201510) Cambrotubulus decurvatus, Olivooides multisulcatus (201532 201534)
Manykaian	538.8 - 529.0	China (Shaanxi)	Hexaconularia sichuanensis (7819)
Manykaian	538.8 - 529.0	China (Sichuan)	Carinachites tetrasulcatus, Carinachites curvatornatus, Arthrochites emeishanensis (7818)
Manykaian	538.8 - 529.0	Norway	Tirasiana sp. (51872)
Manykaian	538.8 - 529.0	Russian Federation (Siberia)	Anabarites sp., Cambrotubulus sp., Cambrotubulus decurvatus, Tiksitheca korobovi (50316) Cambrotubulus sp., Cambrotubulus decurvatus (50318) Tiksitheca licis (50415) Tiksitheca licis, Cambrotubulus conicus (50416)
Nemakit-Daldynian	538.8 - 525.5	Russian Federation (Sakha)	Anabarites trisulcatus, Cambrotubulus decurvatus (99228) Tiksitheca sp., Anabarites trisulcatus, Anabarites tripartitus, Cambrotubulus decurvatus, Anabarites latus, Anabarites signatus, Cambrotubulus conicus, Anabarites kelleri, Lobiochrea natella, Aculeochrea ornata, Longiochrea rugosa (99461)