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Scombriformes

Osteichthyes - Scombriformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1963Scombriformes Jordan p. 679
2013Scombriformes Betancur et al.
2016Scombriformes Nelson et al. p. 414
2019Scombriformes van der Laan p. 75
2024Scombriformes Verma p. 1999
2025Scombriformes Cicimurri et al. p. 85

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
RankNameAuthor
subclassActinopterygii()
infraclassActinopteri()
—Teleosteomorpha
—Acanthopterygii
—Percomorphaceae
—Pelagiaria
orderScombriformes
orderScombriformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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G. †Isurichthys Woodward 1901
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†Isurichthys breviusculus Bannikov 2012
†Isurichthys orientalis Woodward 1901
Invalid names: Isurus Agassiz 1842 [replaced]
Fm. Bramidae Bonaparte 1831
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G. Brama Walbaum 1792
Subfm. Braminae
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G. †Paucaichthys Baciu and Bannikov 2003
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Paucaichthys neamtensis Baciu and Bannikov 2003
G. †Bramoides Casier 1966
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†Bramoides brieni Casier 1966
G. †Digoria Danil'chenko 1980
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†Digoria ambigua Danil'chenko 1980
G. †Goniocranion Casier 1966
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†Goniocranion arambourgi Casier 1966
Fm. †Carangodidae Blot 1969
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G. †Carangodes Heckel 1856
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†Carangodes bicornis Volta 1796
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Invalid names: Carangodes cephalus Heckel 1856 [synonym]
Invalid names: Arambourgella Blot 1981 [objective synonym]
Invalid names: Arambourgellidae Blot 1969 [synonym]
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G. †Absalomichthys Whitley 1933
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†Absalomichthys velifer Jordan 1925
G. †Chalcidichthys David 1943
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G. †Centrolophidarum Gill 1861
G. Centrolophus Lacépède 1803
G. Hyperoglyphe Guenther 1859
G. Mupus Cocco 1833
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†Mupus neumanni Schwarzhans 1974
†Mupus sinuosus Stinton 1965
G. †Zorzinia Bannikov 2000
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†Zorzinia postalensis Bannikov 2000
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G. †Bannikovichthys Carnevale 2007
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†Bannikovichthys paelignus Carnevale 2007
G. Pseudoscopelus Luetken 1892
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Invalid names: Myersiscus Fowler 1933 [synonym]
Fm. †Euzaphlegidae Daniltshenko 1960
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G. †Euzaphleges White and Moy-Thomas 1941
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†Euzaphleges longurio Jordan and Gilbert 1920
Invalid names: Zaphleges Jordan and Gilbert 1920 [replaced]
G. †Lednevia Danil'chenko 1960
G. †Thyrsocles Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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†Thyrsocles escharion Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Thyrsocles kriegeri Jordan and Gilbert 1919
Invalid names: Thyrsion Jordan and Gilbert 1920 [synonym]
G. †Trossulus Jordan 1921
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†Trossulus exoletus Jordan 1921
G. †Veronaphleges Bannikov 2008
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†Veronaphleges brunae Bannikov 2008
G. †Zaphlegulus David 1943
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Invalid names: Dipterichthyidae Arambourg 1967 [synonym], Zaphlegidae David 1943 [synonym]
Fm. Gempylidae Gill 1862
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G. †Abadzekhia Bannikov 1985
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†Abadzekhia marinae Bannikov 1985
†Abadzekhia tarletskovi Bannikov 2005
G. †Chelifichthys Carnevale 2006
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†Chelifichthys goujeti Carnevale 2006
G. Diplospinus Maul 1948
G. †Eothyrsites Chapman 1934
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†Eothyrsites holosquamatus Chapman 1935
G. †Gempylidarum Unknown
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†Gempylidarum merus Schwarzhans 2003
G. Gempylus Cuvier 1829
G. †Nealotus Johnson 1865
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†Nealotus tripes Johnson 1865
G. †Progempylus Casier 1966
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†Progempylus edwardsi Casier 1966
G. †Thyrsites Lesson 1831
G. Thyrsitoides Fowler 1929
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G. Ariomma Jordan and Snyder 1904
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†Ariomma geslini Carnevale and Bannikov 2006
G. Cubiceps Lowe 1843
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Cubiceps pauciradiatus Günther 1872
G. †Psenicubiceps Danil'chenko 1980
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†Psenicubiceps alatus Danil'chenko 1980
G. †Rybapina Bannikov
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G. †Carangopsis Agassiz 1834
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†Carangopsis analis Agassiz 1835
†Carangopsis brevis Blainville 1818
†Carangopsis dorsalis Agassiz 1834
†Carangopsis latior Agassiz 1835
†Carangopsis maximus Agassiz 1835
G. †Lophar Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Lophar miocaenus Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. Pomatomus Lacépède 1802 [bluefish]
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†Pomatomus saltatrix Linnaeus 1766
G. †Pseudoseriola David 1943
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G. †Sullivanichthys Weems 1999
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Fm. Scombridae Rafinesque 1815
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G. †Acanthonotos Sauvage 1870
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†Acanthonotos armatus Sauvage 1870
G. †Ardiodus White 1931
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†Ardiodus mariotti White 1931
G. Cariniceps Owen 1854
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G. †Caucombrus Bannikov 2020
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†Caucombrus histiopterygius Bannikov 2020
G. †Cybium Cuvier 1829
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†Cybium bartonense Woodward 1901
†Cybium bleekeri Storms 1892
†Cybium excelsum Woodward 1901
†Cybium loczyi Weiler 1938
†Cybium macropomum Agassiz 1839
G. †Eocoelopoma Woodward 1901
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†Eocoelopoma colei Woodward 1901
†Eocoelopoma curvatum Woodward 1901
†Eocoelopoma gigas Casier 1966
†Eocoelopoma hopwoodi Casier 1966
†Eocoelopoma portentosa Bannikov 1985
G. †Eoscomber Claeson et al. 2015
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†Eoscomber senegalicus Claeson et al. 2015
G. †Eoscombrus David 1946
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†Eoscombrus chaneyensis David 1946
G. †Eucynodus Owen 1854
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G. Gasterochisma Richardson 1845
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Gasterochisma melampus Richardson 1845
G. †Gasteronemus Agassiz 1833
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†Gasteronemus oblongus Agassiz 1833
†Gasteronemus rhombeus Volta 1796
G. †Godsilia Monsch 2006
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†Godsilia lanceolata Agassiz 1835
G. †Lepidocybium Gill
G. †Ocystias Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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†Ocystias sagitta Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Pelamys Cuvier and Valenciennes 1831
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†Pelamys delheidi Leriche 1905
†Pelamys robusta Van Beneden 1871
G. Pneumatophorus Jordan and Gilbert 1883
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†Pneumatophorus euodus Nolf 1972
G. †Pseudauxides Monsch 2006
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†Pseudauxides speciosus Agassiz 1835
Tr. †Sardini Starks 1910
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G. Cybiosarda Whitley 1935
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Cybiosarda elegans Whitley 1935
G. Gymnosarda Gill 1863
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†Gymnosarda disodilica Ciobanu 1977
†Gymnosarda prisca Monsch 2000
†Gymnosarda unicolor Ruppell 1838
†Gymnosarda zsivnyi Weiler 1938
G. Orcynopsis Gill 1862
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Orcynopsis unicolor Geoffroy St Hilaire 1817
G. Sarda Lacépède 1802
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Sarda australis Macleay 1881
Sarda chiliensis Cuvier 1832
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†Sarda delheidi Leriche 1905
†Sarda memorabilis Danil'chenko 1980
Sarda orientalis Temminck and Schlegel 1844
†Sarda rara Bannikov 1979
†Sarda remota Danil'chenko 1980
†Sarda roulei Arambourg 1927
†Sarda sarda Bloch 1791
†Sarda stockii David 1943
G. Scomber Linnaeus 1758
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†Scomber caucasica Bogachev 1933
Scomber colias Gmelin 1789
†Scomber cubanicus Danil'chenko 1960
†Scomber gnarus Bannikov 1979
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn 1782
†Scomber oligocenicus Pauca 1929
Scomber regalis Bloch 1793
†Scomber sanctaemonicae Jordan 1919
Scomber scombrus Linnaeus 1758
†Scomber voitestii Pauca 1929
G. †Scomberodon Van Beneden 1871
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†Scomberodon dumontii Van Beneden 1871
G. †Scombridarum Rifinesque 1815
Subfm. †Scombrinae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815
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Tr. Scomberomorini Starks 1910
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G. Acanthocybium Gill 1862
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†Acanthocybium proosti Storms 1897
†Acanthocybium solandri Cuvier 1831
G. †Neocybium Leriche 1906
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†Neocybium parvidentatum Monsch and Bannikov 2011
†Neocybium rostratum Leriche 1908
G. †Palaeocybium Monsch 2004
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†Palaeocybium proosti Storms 1895
G. Scomberomorus Lacépède 1802
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†Scomberomorus avitus Bannikov 1985
†Scomberomorus bleekeri Storms 1892
Scomberomorus brasilensis Collette et al. 1978
Scomberomorus commerson Lacepède 1800
Scomberomorus concolor Lockington 1879
Scomberomorus guttatus Bloch and Schneider 1801
Scomberomorus koreanus Kishinouye 1915
†Scomberomorus plumieri Lacepede 1802
†Scomberomorus priscus Casier 1966
†Scomberomorus saevus Bannikov 1982
Scomberomorus sinensis Lacepède 1800
†Scomberomorus stormsi Leriche 1905
Tr. †Scombrini Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815
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G. †Auxides Jordan 1919
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†Auxides cernegurae Ciobanu 1977
†Auxides devia Danilt'chenko 1962
†Auxides propterygius Agassiz 1835
†Auxides sanctaemonicae Jordan 1919
†Auxides turkmenica Daniltshenko 1968
G. Rastrelliger Jordan and Starks 1908
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Tr. Thunnini Starks 1910
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G. Allothunnus Serventy 1948
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Allothunnus fallai Serventy 1948
G. Auxis Cuvier 1829
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Auxis rochei Risso 1810
Auxis thazard Lacepede 1800
G. †Eothynnus Woodward 1901
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†Eothynnus salmoneus Woodward 1901
G. Euthynnus Jordan and Gilbert 1882
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Euthynnus affinis Cantor 1849
Euthynnus alletteratus Rafinesque 1810
Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye 1920
G. Katsuwonus Kishinouye 1915
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Katsuwonus pelamis Linnaeus 1758
G. Thunnus South 1845
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Subg. †Thunnus (Alciola) Jordan 1925
†Thunnus abchazicus Danil’chenko 1951
Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre 1788
Thunnus albacares Bonnaterre 1788
Thunnus atlanticus Lesson 1831
†Thunnus krambergeri Pauca 1931
†Thunnus lanceolatus Agassiz 1835
†Thunnus latior Agassiz 1835
Thunnus maccoyii Castelnau 1872
Thunnus obesus Lowe 1839
Thunnus orientalis Temminck and Schlegel 1844
†Thunnus secretus Bannikov 1979
Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus 1758
Thunnus tonggol Bleeker 1851
Invalid names: Albacora Jordan 1888 [synonym], Orcynus Agassiz 1835 [replaced], Thynnus Cuvier 1816 [objective synonym]
G. †Woodwardella Casier 1966
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G. †Scombrinus Woodward 1901
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†Scombrinus dunedinensis Chapman 1935
†Scombrinus nuchalis Woodward 1901
G. †Scombrosarda Danilt'chenko 1962
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†Scombrosarda limata Danil'chenko 1980
G. †Thunnoscomberoides Monsch 2006
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G. Toxopoma Owen 1854
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Toxopoma politum Owen 1854
G. †Tunita Jordan and Gilbert 1919
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†Tunita octavia Jordan and Gilbert 1919
G. †Turio Jordan and Gilbert 1920
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†Turio wilburi Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. †Wetherellus Casier 1966
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†Wetherellus brevior Casier 1966
†Wetherellus cristatus Agassiz 1844
†Wetherellus longior Casier 1966
G. †Xestias Jordan 1920
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†Xestias iratus Jordan 1920
Invalid names: Acanthocybiinae Starks 1910 [empty], Eocoelopomini Monsch and Bannikov 2011 [invalid subgroup], Sardinae Starks 1910 [empty]
Subor. †Scombroidei Bleeker 1859
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G. †Duplexdens Monsch 2004
G. †Micrornatus Monsch 2004
G. †Scombramphodon Woodward 1901
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†Scombramphodon crassidens Agassiz 1844
Superfm. †Scombroidea Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815
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Fm. †Cybiidae
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G. †Escharion Jordan 1925
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†Escharion townleyi Jordan 1925
G. †Starrias Jordan 1925
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†Starrias ischyrus Jordan 1925
G. †Sphyraenodus Agassiz 1839
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†Sphyraenodus crassidens Agassiz 1844
†Sphyraenodus hastatus Bohm 1926
†Sphyraenodus lerichei Casier 1944
†Sphyraenodus priscus Agassiz 1839
†Sphyraenodus rupeliensis Dollo and Storms 1888
†Sphyraenodus speciosus Leidy 1856
Invalid names: Dictyodus Owen 1839 [nomen dubium]
Superfm. Trichiuroidea Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1810
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G. †Argestichthys Prokofiev 2002
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†Argestichthys vysotzkyi Prokofiev 2002
G. †Hemithyrsites Sauvage 1873
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†Hemithyrsites alatus Sauvage 1870
†Hemithyrsites armatus Sauvage 1873
†Hemithyrsites maicopicus Danil'chenko 1960
Superfm. †Xiphioidea Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1810
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G. Pseudohistiophorus Buen 1950
Invalid names: Trichiuriformes [empty]
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G. Scombrolabrax Roule 1921
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G. Scombrops Temminck and Schlegel 1845
Fm. Stromateidae Rafinesque 1810
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G. †Pinichthys Bannikov 1985
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†Pinichthys fractus Bannikov 1985
†Pinichthys shirvanensis Bannikov 2021
G. Stromateus Linnaeus 1758
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G. Tetragonurus Risso 1810
Fm. Thunnidae Starks 1910
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G. †Pinulothunnus Ciobanu 1977
Fm. Trichiuridae Rafinesque 1810
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G. †Anenchelum de Blainville 1818
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†Anenchelum angustum Danil'chenko 1980
†Anenchelum dorsale Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum eocaenicus Danilt'chenko 1962
†Anenchelum glarisianum de Blainville 1818
†Anenchelum heteropleurum Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum isopleurum Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum latum Agassiz 1842
†Anenchelum lednevi Menner 1949
†Anenchelum paucivertebrale Bannikov and Parin 1995
G. Aphanopus Lowe 1839
G. Benthodesmus Goode and Bean 1882
G. Lepidopus Gouan 1770
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†Lepidopus albyi Sauvage 1870
†Lepidopus anguis Sauvage 1870
Lepidopus caudatus Euphrasen 1788
†Lepidopus gouanianus Lacépède 1800
†Lepidopus lateralis Danil'chenko 1980
†Lepidopus lerichei Casier 1958
†Lepidopus proargenteus Arambourg 1927
G. †Trichiuridarum Rafinesque 1810
Subfm. Trichiurinae Rafinesque-Schmaltz 1815
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G. †Eutrichiurides Casier 1944
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†Eutrichiurides winkleri Casier 1946
G. Trichiurides Winkler 1874
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†Trichiurides sagittidens Winkler 1874
Invalid names: Trichiurides orpiensis Daimeries 1888 [nomen nudum]
G. Trichiurus Linnaeus 1758
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†Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758
†Trichiurus miocaenus Delfortrie 1876
Trichiurus plicidens Arambourg 1952
Invalid names: Amarsipidae [empty], Icosteidae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2009-07-20 21:50:54
Modified: 2009-07-20 23:50:54
Source: c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (275 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0India (Manharashtra) Sphyraenodus sp. (63896)
Selandian61.66 - 59.24Denmark Mupus sinuosus (159792 159793)
Selandian - Thanetian61.66 - 56.0Ukraine Scombridarum sp. (159509)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (New Jersey) Sphyraenodus speciosus (3113)
Thanetian59.24 - 56.0USA (Maryland) Cybium sp. (84045)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07USA (Mississippi) Trichiurides sagittidens, Cybium proosti (164192)
Early/Lower Eocene56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Trichiurides sp. (38950)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy (Vicenze) Zorzinia postalensis (127545)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Maryland ) Cybium sp., Sarda delheidi (124192)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy Carangopsis dorsalis, Auxides propterygius, Carangopsis brevis, Carangodes bicornis, Veronaphleges brunae, Thunnoscomberoides bolcensis, Godsilia lanceolata, Zorzinia postalensis (94830) Orcynus lanceolatus, Orcynus latior, Thynnus bolcensis (55239)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Italy (Verona) Euzaphlegidae n. gen. n. sp, Anenchelum sp., Thyrsitoides sp. (190957)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium Cybium proosti (219003 219008) Cybium proosti, Cybium stormsi, Sphyraenodus lerichei, Cybium bleekeri (219005) Scomber sp., Eutrichiurides winkleri, Cybium proosti, Cybium stormsi, Sphyraenodus lerichei (219006) Scomber sp., Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides winkleri, Cybium proosti, Cybium stormsi, Sphyraenodus lerichei, Cybium bleekeri, Pelamys delheidi (219001)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom (England) Eocoelopoma sp. (76601) Eocoelopoma sp., Trichiurides sagittidens, Eutrichiurides winkleri (8050) Scombrinus nuchalis (185905) Sphyraenodus pirscus, Trichiurides sagittidens, Eothynnus salmoneus, Scombrinus nuchalis, Gymnosarda prisca, Eutrichiurides winkleri, Progempylus edwardsi, Cybium proosti, Scombramphodon crassidens, Wetherellus cristatus, Woodwardella patellifrons, Thunnini indet., Bramoides brieni, Goniocranion arambourgi, Wetherellus brevior, Wetherellus longior, Scombramphodon sheppeyensis, Scombrinus macropomus (13299)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Belgium (Brabant) Pelamys sp. (188444)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Turkmenistan Palimphyes palaeocenicus, Argestichthys vysotzkyi, Auxides turkmenicus, Palaeothunnus parvidentatus, Scomberomorus avitus, Eocoelopoma portentosum (186444)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07United Kingdom Eocoelopoma sp., Gymnosarda sp., Acanthocybium sp., Gempylidae indet., Trichiurides sagittidens, Eothynnus salmoneus, Scombrinus nuchalis, Eocoelopoma colei, Sardini indet., Gymnosarda prisca, Eutrichiurides winkleri, Progempylus edwardsi, Acanthocybiinae indet., Palaeocybium proosti, Eocoelopoma curvatum, Eocoelopoma gigas, Duplexdens sp., Micrornatus hopwoodi, Scombramphodon crassidens, Sphyraenodus priscus, Wetherellus cristatus, Woodwardella patellifrons, Thunnini indet., Bramoides brieni, Goniocranion arambourgi (215472) Eutrichiurides winkleri (160682 185917)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07India (Gujarat) Eutrichiurides sp. (71438)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07Senegal Auxides huberti, Eoscomber senegalicus (190952)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03USA (Alabama) Gymnosarda sp., Scomberomorus sp., Trichiurides sagittidens, Scomberomorus bleekeri, Scombridae indet., Palaeocybium proosti, Trichiurus oshosunensis, Eutrichiurides plicidens, Scomberomorus stormsi (81179) Scomberomorus bleekeri, Scomberomorus stormsi (209524) Trichiurus sp., Trichiurides sp. (83330)
Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene56.0 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Sphyraenodus priscus (3257)