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Protostegidae
Taxonomy
Protostegidae was named by Cope (1873) [also said to be 1872]. It is not extant. Its type is Protostega.
It was assigned to Athecae by Cope (1875); to Cryptodira by Hay (1902); to Chelonii by Jaekel (1911); to Chelonioidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975); to Cryptodira by Kuhn (1946), Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Dermochelyoidea by Weems (1988); to Pandermochelys by Kear and Lee (2006); to Chelonioidea by Wieland (1909), Kuhn (1966), Carroll (1988), Lehman and Tomlinson (2004), Joyce et al. (2004), Karl et al. (2012); to Dermochelyoidae by Hirayama (1998), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2014); and to Chelonioidea by Kear (2006), Cadena and Parham (2015), Cadena and Combita-Romero (2023).
It was assigned to Athecae by Cope (1875); to Cryptodira by Hay (1902); to Chelonii by Jaekel (1911); to Chelonioidae by Hay (1930); to Chelonoidea by Gaffney (1975); to Cryptodira by Kuhn (1946), Thurmond and Jones (1981); to Dermochelyoidea by Weems (1988); to Pandermochelys by Kear and Lee (2006); to Chelonioidea by Wieland (1909), Kuhn (1966), Carroll (1988), Lehman and Tomlinson (2004), Joyce et al. (2004), Karl et al. (2012); to Dermochelyoidae by Hirayama (1998), de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2014); and to Chelonioidea by Kear (2006), Cadena and Parham (2015), Cadena and Combita-Romero (2023).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1873 | Protostegidae Cope |
| 1875 | Protostegidae Cope p. 16 |
| 1902 | Protostegidae Hay p. 439 |
| 1909 | Protostegidae Wieland p. 102 |
| 1911 | Protostegidae Jaekel p. 187 |
| 1930 | Protostegidae Hay p. 78 |
| 1946 | Protostegidae Kuhn p. 58 |
| 1966 | Protostegidae Kuhn p. 28 |
| 1975 | Protostegidae Gaffney p. 429 |
| 1981 | Protostegidae Thurmond and Jones p. 124 |
| 1988 | Protostegidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Protostegidae Weems p. 141 figs. Table 2 |
| 1998 | Protostegidae Hirayama |
| 2004 | Protostegidae Joyce et al. |
| 2004 | Protostegidae Lehman and Tomlinson p. 1163 |
| 2006 | Protostegidae Kear |
| 2006 | Protostegidae Kear and Lee p. 116 |
| 2012 | Protostegidae Karl et al. |
| 2014 | Protostegidae de Lapparent de Broin et al. |
| 2015 | Protostegidae Cadena and Parham p. 3 |
| 2023 | Protostegidae Cadena and Combita-Romero |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Protostegidae Cope 1873
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G. †Desmatochelys Williston 1894
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†Desmatochelys lowii Williston 1894
†Desmatochelys padillai Cadena and Parham 2015
G. †Notochelone Lydekker 1889
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†Notochelone costata Owen 1882
Invalid names: Notochelys Owen 1882 [replaced]
G. †Protostega Cope 1871
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†Protostega eaglefordensis Zangerl 1953
†Protostega gigas Cope 1871
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Invalid names: Protostega dixie Zangerl 1953 [synonym], Protostega potens Hay 1908 [synonym]
Subfm. †Protosteginae Wieland
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G. †Rhinochelys Seeley 1869
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†Rhinochelys amaberti Moret 1935
†Rhinochelys cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1889
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Invalid names: Rhinochelys cardiocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys dayi Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys eurycephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys jessoni Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys platyrhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys rheporhinus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys sphenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
†Rhinochelys elegans Lydekker 1889
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Invalid names: Rhinochelys brachyrhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys macrorhina Lydekker 1889 [synonym], Rhinochelys mastocephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym], Rhinochelys stenicephalus Seeley 1869 [synonym]
†Rhinochelys nammourensis Tong et al. 2006
G. †Terlinguachelys Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
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†Terlinguachelys fischbecki Lehman and Tomlinson 2004
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Uetz 2005, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range: base of the Valanginian to the top of the Early/Lower Maastrichtian or 137.05000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (69 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cretaceous | USA (Nebraska) | Desmatochelys lowii (191693) | |
| Late/Upper Valanginian | Colombia | Protostegidae indet. (118389 118398 226139) | |
| Valanginian | Colombia | Protostegidae indet. (226138) | |
| Barremian | Colombia | Desmatochelys padillai (72029) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | Colombia (Boyaca) | Desmatochelys padillai (176544) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | Brazil (Ceará) | Santanachelys gaffneyi (67712) | |
| Albian - Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Belgorod) | Chelospharginae sp. (92402) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Australia (Queensland) | Bouliachelys suteri (110465 129288) Cratochelone berneyi (139918) Notochelone costata (64811 238631 238632) Notochelone sp. (89951 238633) Notochelys costata (198220) Protostegidae indet. (122712) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | France | Rhinochelys amaberti (63325) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | United Kingdom (England) | Chelone pulchriceps (137412) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Poland (Annopol) | P. gen. et sp. indet. A, P. gen. et sp. indet. B (178042) | |
| Late/Upper Albian - Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Belgorod) | Teguliscapha sp., Teguliscapha rossica (32314) | |
| Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Teguliscapha sp. (198238) | |
| Cenomanian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Protostegidae indet. (94265) | |
| Cenomanian | USA (Texas) | Protostega eaglefordensis (198243) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian | Lebanon (Kesrouâne) | Chelonia indet. (60285) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Teguliscapha sp. (92418) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Protostegidae indet. (52997) | |
| Cenomanian - Turonian | United Kingdom (England) | Protostega sp. (92426) Protostega sp., Rhinochelys sp. (92427) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Arizona) | Desmatochelys lowi (55986) | |
| Middle Turonian | Czechia | Protostegidae indet. (181009) | |
| Turonian | USA (South Dakota) | Desmatochelys lowi (181902) | |
| Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Desmatochelys lowi (102879) | |
| Turonian | USA (California) | Protostegidae indet. (137836) | |
| Early/Lower Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Rhinochelys pulchriceps (136745) | |
| Coniacian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Protostegidae indet. (23369) | |
| Late/Upper Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Protostega gigas (203740) | |
| Coniacian - Campanian | USA (Texas) | Protostegidae indet. (90467) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | Canada (British Columbia) | Desmatochelys lowi (27727 27728) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Protostega potens (203741) | |
| Santonian | USA (Kansas) | Protostega advena (203742) Protostega copei (167919) Protostega gigas (93225) | |
| Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Calcarichelys gemma (81935) Chelosphargis advena (81972) Protostega dixie (81931 81932 81933) Protostega dixie, Chelosphargis advena (81927 81934) | |
| Santonian - Maastrichtian | USA (Alabama) | Protostega sp. (107502) | |
| Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | Archelon ischryos (52084) Archelon marshii (154803) | |
| Campanian | Mexico (Coahuila) | Protostegidae indet., Desmatochelys lowii (201737) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | Protostega sp. (23338) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Protostega gigas (157353) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Alabama) | Calcarichelys gemma (82635) Protostega dixie (81930) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Penza) | Chelospharginae indet. (92329) Protostega gigas (240983) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | USA (North Dakota) | Archelon sp. (179297) | |
| Middle Campanian | USA (Texas) | Terlinguachelys fischbecki (90466) | |
| Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (South Dakota) | Archelon ischyros (167918) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | New Zealand (Hawke's Bay) | Protostegidae indet. (27887) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | Protostegidae indet. (46617) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Angola (Namibe) | Calcarichelys sp., Protostega sp. (106705) |