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Columbiformes (dove)
Taxonomy
Columbiformes was named by Latham (1790). It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Columbiformes by Zittel (1890) and Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Columbiformes by Mayr (2005).
It was assigned to Carinatae by Zittel (1890) and Hay (1930); to Neognathae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1960) and Carroll (1988); to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Psittacimorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Aves by Parmalee (1992) and del Hoyo et al. (2014); and to Neoaves by Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
It was reranked as the suborder Columbiformes by Zittel (1890) and Hay (1930); it was reranked as the unranked clade Columbiformes by Mayr (2005).
It was assigned to Carinatae by Zittel (1890) and Hay (1930); to Neognathae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1960) and Carroll (1988); to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Psittacimorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Aves by Parmalee (1992) and del Hoyo et al. (2014); and to Neoaves by Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1790 | Columbiformes Latham |
| 1890 | Columbiformes Zittel p. 848 |
| 1930 | Columbiformes Hay p. 344 |
| 1940 | Columbiformes Wetmore p. 6 |
| 1960 | Columbiformes Wetmore p. 28 |
| 1988 | Columbiformes Carroll |
| 1992 | Columbiformes Parmalee p. 314 |
| 2005 | Columbiformes Mayr p. 318 |
| 2007 | Columbiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 93 |
| 2014 | Columbiformes del Hoyo et al. |
| 2020 | Columbiformes Worthy and Nguyen p. 83 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Columbiformes Latham 1790 [dove]
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Fm. Columbidae Illiger 1811
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G. Alectroenas Gray 1840
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†Alectroenas nitidissimus Scopoli 1786 [Mauritius blue pigeon]
†Alectroenas payandeei Hume 2011
Invalid names: Funingus Bonaparte 1854 [synonym]
G. Alopecoenas Sharpe 1899
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Alopecoenas beccarii Salvadori 1876 [bronze ground-dove]
Alopecoenas canifrons Hartlaub and Finsch 1872 [Palau ground-dove]
Alopecoenas erythropterus Gmelin 1789 [Polynesian ground-dove]
Alopecoenas jobiensis Meyer 1875 [white-bibbed ground-dove]
†Alopecoenas norfolkensis Forshaw 2015 [Norfolk ground-dove]
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Invalid names: Columba norfolciensis Latham 1801 [replaced]
Alopecoenas rubescens Vieillot 1818 [Marquesas ground-dove]
Alopecoenas stairi Gray 1856 [shy ground-dove]
Alopecoenas xanthonurus Temminck 1823 [white-throated ground-dove]
G. †Arenicolumba Steadman 2008 [dove]
G. Caloenas Gray 1840
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†Caloenas canacorum Balouet and Olson 1989
Caloenas nicobarica Linnaeus 1758 [Nicobar pigeon]
G. Chalcophaps Gould 1843
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Chalcophaps indica Linnaeus 1758 [Asian emerald dove]
Chalcophaps stephani Pucheran 1853 [Stephan's dove]
G. Claravis Oberholser 1899
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Claravis pretiosa Ferrari-Pérez 1886 [blue ground-dove]
Invalid names: Peristera Swainson 1827 [replaced]
G. Columba Linnaeus 1758
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Columba janthina Temminck 1830 [Japanese wood-pigeon]
Columba junoniae Hartert 1916 [laurel pigeon]
Columba livia Gmelin 1789 [rock pigeon]
†Columba melitensis Lydekker 1891
†Columba micula Wemore 1924
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 [stock dove]
†Columba omnisanctorum Ballman 1976
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 [common wood-pigeon]
†Columba pisana Portis 1887
†Columba thiriouxi Hume 2011 [Mauritian wood pigeon]
Columba vitiensis Quoy and Gaimard 1830 [metallic pigeon]
Invalid names: Trocaza Bonaparte 1854 [synonym]
G. Columbina Spix 1825 [ground dove]
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Columbina cruziana Prévost 1832 [croaking ground-dove]
Columbina inca Lesson 1847 [inca dove]
Columbina passerina Linnaeus 1758 [common ground-dove]
†Columbina prattae Becker and Brodkorb 1825 [ground dove]
Columbina talpacoti Temminck 1810 [ruddy ground-dove]
Invalid names: Chamaepelia Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Columbigallina Boie 1826 [synonym], Scardafella Bonaparte 1855 [synonym]
Subfm. †Didunculinae Gray 1848
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G. Didunculus Peale 1848
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†Didunculus placopedetes Steadman 2006 [Tongan tooth-billed pigeon]
Didunculus strigirostris Jardine 1845 [Tooth-billed pigeon]
G. Ducula Hodgson 1836 [imperial pigeon]
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Ducula aenea Linnaeus 1766 [Green imperial-pigeon]
Ducula aurorae Peale 1848 [Polynesian imperial-pigeon]
†Ducula david Balouet and Olson 1987 [Steadman's imperial-pigeon]
Ducula galeata Bonaparte 1855 [Marquesas imperial-pigeon]
Ducula goliath Gray 1859 [New Caledonian imperial-pigeon]
†Ducula harrisoni Wragg and Worthy 2006
†Ducula lakeba Worthy 2001 [Lakeba imperial-pigeon]
Ducula latrans Peale 1848 [Peale's imperial-pigeon]
Ducula oceanica Desmarest 1826 [Micronesian imperial-pigeon]
Ducula pacifica Gmelin 1789 [Pacific imperial-pigeon]
†Ducula shutleri Worthy and Burley 2019
†Ducula tihonireasini Rigal et al. 2018
Invalid names: Carpophaga Selby 1835 [synonym], Serresius Bonaparte 1855 [synonym]
G. †Ectopistes Swainson 1827 [passenger pigeon]
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†Ectopistes migratorius Linnaeus 1758 [passenger pigeon]
G. Gallicolumba Heck 1849
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†Gallicolumba leonpascoi Worthy and Wragg 2003
†Gallicolumba longitarsus Balouet and Olson 1989
Gallicolumba luzonica Scopoli 1786 [Luzon bleeding-heart]
†Gallicolumba nui Steadman 1992
Invalid names: Phlegoenas Reichenbach 1852 [synonym]
G. Geotrygon Gosse 1847
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Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte 1855 [Key West quail-dove]
†Geotrygon larva Wetmore 1920
Geotrygon montana Linnaeus 1758 [ruddy quail-dove]
Geotrygon mystacea Temminck 1811 [bridled quail-dove]
Invalid names: Oreopeleia Auctior [synonym]
Subfm. †Gourinae Gray 1840
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G. Goura Stephens 1819
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Goura cristata Pallas 1764 [Western crowned-pigeon]
Goura scheepmakeri Finsch 1876 [Scheepmaker's crowned-pigeon]
Goura sclaterii Salvadori 1876 [Sclater's crowned-pigeon]
Goura victoria Fraser 1844 [Victoria crowned-pigeon]
G. Hemiphaga Bonaparte 1854
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Hemiphaga chathamensis Rothschild 1891 [Chatham Island pigeon]
Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae Gmelin 1789 [New Zealand pigeon]
†Hemiphaga spadicea Latham 1801 [Norfolk Island pigeon]
G. Leptotila Swainson 1837
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Leptotila jamaicensis Linnaeus 1766
Leptotila verreauxi Bonaparte 1855 [white-tipped dove]
G. Leucosarcia Gould 1843
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G. Macropygia Swainson 1837
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Macropygia amboinensis Linnaeus 1766 [Amboyna cuckoo-dove]
†Macropygia arevarevauupa Steadman 1992
Macropygia mackinlayi Ramsay 1878 [Mackinlay's cuckoo-dove]
Macropygia nigrirostris Salvadori 1876 [black-billed cuckoo-dove]
G. Nesoenas Salvadori 1893
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†Nesoenas cicur Hume 2011 [Mauritian turtle dove]
†Nesoenas duboisi Rothschild 1907 [Réunion pink pigeon]
Nesoenas mayeri Prévost and Knip 1843 [pink pigeon]
†Nesoenas rodericana Milne-Edwards 1874
G. Patagioenas Reichenbach 1852
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Patagioenas fasciata Say 1822 [band-tailed pigeon]
Patagioenas inornata Vigors 1827 [plain pigeon]
Patagioenas leucocephala Linnaeus 1758 [white-crowned pigeon]
Patagioenas squamosa Bonnaterre 1792 [scaly-naped pigeon]
G. †Pezophaps Strickland 1848
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†Pezophaps solitaria Gmelin 1789 [Rodrigues solitaire]
Invalid names: Apterornis Owen 1848 [synonym]
G. Phaps Selby 1835
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Phaps chalcoptera Latham 1790 [common bronzewing]
Phaps elegans Temminck 1809 [brush bronzewing]
G. Ptilinopus Swainson 1825 [fruit dove]
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Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii Neboux 1840 [white-capped fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus greyi Bonaparte 1857 [red-bellied fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus huttoni Finsch 1874 [Rapa fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus insularis North 1908 [Henderson Island fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus perousii Peale 1848 [many-colored fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus porphyraceus Temminck 1821 [crimson-crowned fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus purpuratus Gmelin 1789 [gray-green fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus rarotongensis Hartlaub and Finsch 1871 [Cook Islands fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus rivoli Prévost 1843 [white-breasted fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus roseicapilla Lesson 1831 [Mariana fruit-dove]
G. †Raphus Brisson 1760
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G. Streptopelia Bonaparte 1855
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Streptopelia bitorquata Temminck 1809 [island collared-dove]
Streptopelia orientalis Latham 1790 [oriental turtle-dove]
Streptopelia picturata Temminck 1813 [Madagascar turtle-dove]
Streptopelia turtur Linnaeus 1758 [European turtle-dove]
G. Treron Vieillot 1816
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Treron australis Linnaeus 1771 [Madagascar green-pigeon]
Treron formosae Swinhoe 1863 [whistling green-pigeon]
Treron waalia Meyer 1793 [Bruce's green pigeon]
G. Zenaida Bonaparte 1838
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Zenaida asiatica Linnaeus 1758 [white-winged dove]
Zenaida auriculata Des Murs 1847 [eared dove]
Zenaida aurita Temminck 1809 [zenaida dove]
Zenaida aurita zenaida Bonaparte 1825 [zenaida dove]
Zenaida galapagoensis Gould 1841 [Galapagos dove]
Zenaida macroura Linnaeus 1758 [mourning dove]
Invalid names: Columbinae Illiger 1811 [empty], Eurostopodinae Sibley et al. 1988 [empty], Peristerinae Dickinson and Remsen 2013 [empty], Raphidae Wetmore 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Columboidae Hay 1930 [empty], Pterocletes [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma
Collections (383 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Campanian | USA (North Carolina) | Oena plana (190555) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Microena goodwini (8050) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Australia (South Australia) | Columbidae indet. (45652) | |
| Neogene | USA (Arizona) | Chloroenas micula (216971) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Columbidae indet. (18597) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Columbidae unnamed species 1, Rupephaps taketake (73690) | |
| Langhian | USA (Maryland) | Columbidae indet. (70818) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Niigata) | Columbidae indet. (56884) | |
| Turolian | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Columbidae indet. (174455) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Columbidae indet. (172914 172915 172916 199860) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Ectopistes migratorius (52582) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | Columbidae indet. (22221) | |
| Opoitian - Waipipian | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | Hemiphaga sp. (100505) | |
| Pliocene | Spain | Columba livia (125326) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy | Falco pisanus (47428) | |
| Piacenzian | Tanzania | Streptopelia sp. (21810) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Columba sp. (22334) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Columba sp., Zenaida macroura (20384) | |
| Gelasian | Tanzania | Streptopelia sp. (21804) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Croatia (Istria) | Columba sp. (40500) | |