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Columbidae

Reptilia - Columbiformes - Columbidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Columbidae Illiger
1890Columbidae Zittel p. 848
1930Columbidae Hay p. 345
1930Raphidae Wetmore
1933Columbidae Lambrecht p. 602
1956Columbidae Wetmore p. 81
1975Columbidae Olson p. 28
1985Columbidae Olson p. 120
1988Columbidae Carroll
1989Columbidae Alcover p. 98
1992Columbidae Baird p. 26
1992Columbidae Parmalee p. 314
1999Columbidae Peterson
2001Columbidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 299
2005Columbidae Janoo p. 172
2007Columbidae Livezey and Zusi p. 93
2007Raphidae Livezey and Zusi p. 94
2007Columbidae Worthy et al. p. 24
2008Columbidae Steadman
2014Columbidae del Hoyo et al.
2014Raphinae del Hoyo et al.
2017Columbidae Clements et al.
2020Columbidae Worthy and Nguyen p. 83

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
RankNameAuthor
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
Terrestrornithes
Dendrornithes
AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
CoccygesHuxley 1867
superorderPsittacimorphae
orderColumbiformesLatham 1790
familyColumbidae
familyColumbidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Columbidae Illiger 1811
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G. Alectroenas Gray 1840
+
Alectroenas nitidissimus Scopoli 1786 [Mauritius blue pigeon]
Alectroenas payandeei Hume 2011
Invalid names: Funingus Bonaparte 1854 [synonym]
G. Alopecoenas Sharpe 1899
+
Alopecoenas beccarii Salvadori 1876 [bronze ground-dove]
Alopecoenas canifrons Hartlaub and Finsch 1872 [Palau ground-dove]
Alopecoenas erythropterus Gmelin 1789 [Polynesian ground-dove]
Alopecoenas jobiensis Meyer 1875 [white-bibbed ground-dove]
Alopecoenas norfolkensis Forshaw 2015 [Norfolk ground-dove]
+
Invalid names: Columba norfolciensis Latham 1801 [replaced]
Alopecoenas rubescens Vieillot 1818 [Marquesas ground-dove]
Alopecoenas stairi Gray 1856 [shy ground-dove]
Alopecoenas xanthonurus Temminck 1823 [white-throated ground-dove]
G. †Arenicolumba Steadman 2008 [dove]
G. †Bountyphaps Worthy and Wragg 2008
+
Bountyphaps obsoleta Worthy and Wragg 2008
G. Caloenas Gray 1840
+
Caloenas canacorum Balouet and Olson 1989
Caloenas nicobarica Linnaeus 1758 [Nicobar pigeon]
G. Chalcophaps Gould 1843
+
Chalcophaps indica Linnaeus 1758 [Asian emerald dove]
Chalcophaps stephani Pucheran 1853 [Stephan's dove]
G. Chloroenas Lawrence 1868
+
Chloroenas micula Wetmore 1924
G. Claravis Oberholser 1899
+
Claravis pretiosa Ferrari-Pérez 1886 [blue ground-dove]
Invalid names: Peristera Swainson 1827 [replaced]
G. Columba Linnaeus 1758
+
Columba janthina Temminck 1830 [Japanese wood-pigeon]
Columba junoniae Hartert 1916 [laurel pigeon]
Columba livia Gmelin 1789 [rock pigeon]
Columba melitensis Lydekker 1891
Columba micula Wemore 1924
Columba oenas Linnaeus 1758 [stock dove]
Columba omnisanctorum Ballman 1976
Columba palumbus Linnaeus 1758 [common wood-pigeon]
Columba pisana Portis 1887
Columba thiriouxi Hume 2011 [Mauritian wood pigeon]
Columba vitiensis Quoy and Gaimard 1830 [metallic pigeon]
Invalid names: Trocaza Bonaparte 1854 [synonym]
G. Columbina Spix 1825 [ground dove]
+
Columbina cruziana Prévost 1832 [croaking ground-dove]
Columbina inca Lesson 1847 [inca dove]
Columbina passerina Linnaeus 1758 [common ground-dove]
Columbina prattae Becker and Brodkorb 1825 [ground dove]
Columbina talpacoti Temminck 1810 [ruddy ground-dove]
Invalid names: Chamaepelia Cuvier 1829 [synonym], Columbigallina Boie 1826 [synonym], Scardafella Bonaparte 1855 [synonym]
Subfm. †Didunculinae Gray 1848
+
G. Didunculus Peale 1848
+
Didunculus placopedetes Steadman 2006 [Tongan tooth-billed pigeon]
Didunculus strigirostris Jardine 1845 [Tooth-billed pigeon]
G. Drepanoptila Bonaparte 1855
+
Drepanoptila holosericea Temminck 1809 [cloven-feathered dove]
G. Ducula Hodgson 1836 [imperial pigeon]
+
Ducula aenea Linnaeus 1766 [Green imperial-pigeon]
Ducula aurorae Peale 1848 [Polynesian imperial-pigeon]
Ducula david Balouet and Olson 1987 [Steadman's imperial-pigeon]
Ducula galeata Bonaparte 1855 [Marquesas imperial-pigeon]
Ducula goliath Gray 1859 [New Caledonian imperial-pigeon]
Ducula harrisoni Wragg and Worthy 2006
Ducula lakeba Worthy 2001 [Lakeba imperial-pigeon]
Ducula latrans Peale 1848 [Peale's imperial-pigeon]
Ducula oceanica Desmarest 1826 [Micronesian imperial-pigeon]
Ducula pacifica Gmelin 1789 [Pacific imperial-pigeon]
Ducula shutleri Worthy and Burley 2019
Ducula tihonireasini Rigal et al. 2018
Invalid names: Carpophaga Selby 1835 [synonym], Serresius Bonaparte 1855 [synonym]
G. †Dysmoropelia Olson 1975
+
Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos Olson 1975 [Saint Helena dove]
G. †Ectopistes Swainson 1827 [passenger pigeon]
+
Ectopistes migratorius Linnaeus 1758 [passenger pigeon]
G. Gallicolumba Heck 1849
+
Gallicolumba leonpascoi Worthy and Wragg 2003
Gallicolumba longitarsus Balouet and Olson 1989
Gallicolumba luzonica Scopoli 1786 [Luzon bleeding-heart]
Gallicolumba nui Steadman 1992
Invalid names: Phlegoenas Reichenbach 1852 [synonym]
G. Geotrygon Gosse 1847
+
Geotrygon chrysia Bonaparte 1855 [Key West quail-dove]
Geotrygon larva Wetmore 1920
Geotrygon montana Linnaeus 1758 [ruddy quail-dove]
Geotrygon mystacea Temminck 1811 [bridled quail-dove]
Invalid names: Oreopeleia Auctior [synonym]
G. †Gerandia Lambrecht 1933
+
Gerandia calcaria Milne-Edwards 1867
Subfm. †Gourinae Gray 1840
+
G. Goura Stephens 1819
+
Goura cristata Pallas 1764 [Western crowned-pigeon]
Goura scheepmakeri Finsch 1876 [Scheepmaker's crowned-pigeon]
Goura sclaterii Salvadori 1876 [Sclater's crowned-pigeon]
Goura victoria Fraser 1844 [Victoria crowned-pigeon]
G. Hemiphaga Bonaparte 1854
+
Hemiphaga chathamensis Rothschild 1891 [Chatham Island pigeon]
Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae Gmelin 1789 [New Zealand pigeon]
Hemiphaga spadicea Latham 1801 [Norfolk Island pigeon]
G. Leptotila Swainson 1837
+
Leptotila jamaicensis Linnaeus 1766
Leptotila verreauxi Bonaparte 1855 [white-tipped dove]
G. Leucosarcia Gould 1843
+
Leucosarcia proevisa De Vis 1905
+
Invalid names: Nyroca effodiata De Vis 1905 [objective synonym]
G. †Lithophaps De Vis 1891
+
Lithophaps ulnaris De Vis 1891
G. Macropygia Swainson 1837
+
Macropygia amboinensis Linnaeus 1766 [Amboyna cuckoo-dove]
Macropygia arevarevauupa Steadman 1992
Macropygia mackinlayi Ramsay 1878 [Mackinlay's cuckoo-dove]
Macropygia nigrirostris Salvadori 1876 [black-billed cuckoo-dove]
G. †Microena Harrison and Walker 1977
+
Microena goodwini Harrison and Walker 1977
G. †Natunaornis Worthy 2001
+
Natunaornis gigoura Worthy 2001 [Viti Levu giant pigeon]
G. Nesoenas Salvadori 1893
+
Nesoenas cicur Hume 2011 [Mauritian turtle dove]
Nesoenas duboisi Rothschild 1907 [Réunion pink pigeon]
Nesoenas mayeri Prévost and Knip 1843 [pink pigeon]
Nesoenas rodericana Milne-Edwards 1874
G. Ocyphaps Gray 1842
+
Ocyphaps lophotes Temminck 1822 [crested pigeon]
G. Oena Swainson 1837
+
Oena capensis Linnaeus 1766 [Namaqua dove]
G. Patagioenas Reichenbach 1852
+
Patagioenas fasciata Say 1822 [band-tailed pigeon]
Patagioenas inornata Vigors 1827 [plain pigeon]
Patagioenas leucocephala Linnaeus 1758 [white-crowned pigeon]
Patagioenas squamosa Bonnaterre 1792 [scaly-naped pigeon]
G. †Pezophaps Strickland 1848
+
Pezophaps solitaria Gmelin 1789 [Rodrigues solitaire]
Invalid names: Apterornis Owen 1848 [synonym]
G. Phaps Selby 1835
+
Phaps chalcoptera Latham 1790 [common bronzewing]
Phaps elegans Temminck 1809 [brush bronzewing]
G. †Primophaps Worth 2012
+
Primophaps schoddei Worthy 2012
G. Ptilinopus Swainson 1825 [fruit dove]
+
Ptilinopus dupetithouarsii Neboux 1840 [white-capped fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus greyi Bonaparte 1857 [red-bellied fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus huttoni Finsch 1874 [Rapa fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus insularis North 1908 [Henderson Island fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus perousii Peale 1848 [many-colored fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus porphyraceus Temminck 1821 [crimson-crowned fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus purpuratus Gmelin 1789 [gray-green fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus rarotongensis Hartlaub and Finsch 1871 [Cook Islands fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus rivoli Prévost 1843 [white-breasted fruit-dove]
Ptilinopus roseicapilla Lesson 1831 [Mariana fruit-dove]
G. †Raphus Brisson 1760
+
Raphus cucullatus Linnaeus 1758 [dodo]
+
Invalid names: Didus ineptus Linnaeus 1766 [synonym]
G. †Rupephaps Worthy et al. 2009
+
Rupephaps taketake Worthy et al. 2009
G. Spilopelia Sundevall 1873
+
Spilopelia senegalensis Linnaeus 1766 [laughing dove]
G. Streptopelia Bonaparte 1855
+
Streptopelia bitorquata Temminck 1809 [island collared-dove]
Streptopelia orientalis Latham 1790 [oriental turtle-dove]
Streptopelia picturata Temminck 1813 [Madagascar turtle-dove]
Streptopelia turtur Linnaeus 1758 [European turtle-dove]
G. Treron Vieillot 1816
+
Treron australis Linnaeus 1771 [Madagascar green-pigeon]
Treron formosae Swinhoe 1863 [whistling green-pigeon]
Treron waalia Meyer 1793 [Bruce's green pigeon]
G. Turtur Boddaert 1783
+
Turtur chalcospilos Wagler 1827 [Emerald-spotted wood-dove]
G. Zenaida Bonaparte 1838
+
Zenaida asiatica Linnaeus 1758 [white-winged dove]
Zenaida auriculata Des Murs 1847 [eared dove]
Zenaida aurita Temminck 1809 [zenaida dove]
Zenaida aurita zenaida Bonaparte 1825 [zenaida dove]
Zenaida galapagoensis Gould 1841 [Galapagos dove]
Zenaida macroura Linnaeus 1758 [mourning dove]
Invalid names: Columbinae Illiger 1811 [empty], Eurostopodinae Sibley et al. 1988 [empty], Peristerinae Dickinson and Remsen 2013 [empty], Raphidae Wetmore 1930 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantf
Diet: frugivoref
Diet 2: granivoref
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Comments: see also Terborgh et al. 1990 and Thiollay 1994f
Created: 2009-01-03 16:33:24
Modified: 2009-01-03 19:14:09
Source: f = family, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Naka 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.1 Ma

Collections (383 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (North Carolina) Oena plana (190555)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Microena goodwini (8050)
Late/Upper Oligocene28.4 - 23.03Australia (South Australia) Columbidae indet. (45652)
Neogene23.03 - 2.58USA (Arizona) Chloroenas micula (216971)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Florida) Columbidae indet. (18597)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) C. unnamed species 1, Rupephaps taketake (73690)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (Maryland) Columbidae indet. (70818)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Japan (Niigata) Columbidae indet. (56884)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Columbidae indet. (174455)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Piedmont) Columbidae indet. (172914 172915 172916 199860)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Columbidae indet. (22221)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Ectopistes migratorius (52582)
Opoitian - Waipipian5.333 - 3.0New Zealand (Chatham Islands) Hemiphaga sp. (100505)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Spain Columba livia (125326)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania Streptopelia sp. (21810)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Italy Falco pisanus (47428)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Columba sp. (22334)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Streptopelia sp. (21804)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Columba sp., Zenaida macroura (20384)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Spain (Mallorca) Columba palumbus (214536)