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Martes (marten)
Taxonomy
Martes was named by Frisch (1775). It is extant.
It was assigned to Mustelinae by Ginsburg (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Mein and Ginsburg (1997), Baskin (1998) and Marmi et al. (2004); to Martinae by Baryshnikov (2009); to Mustelidae by Frisch (1775), Wilson (1967), Kurten (1968), Carroll (1988), Morlo (1996) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010); and to Guloninae by Law et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Mustelinae by Ginsburg (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Mein and Ginsburg (1997), Baskin (1998) and Marmi et al. (2004); to Martinae by Baryshnikov (2009); to Mustelidae by Frisch (1775), Wilson (1967), Kurten (1968), Carroll (1988), Morlo (1996) and Werdelin and Peigne (2010); and to Guloninae by Law et al. (2018).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1775 | Martes Frisch |
| 1967 | Martes Wilson p. 211 |
| 1968 | Martes Kurten p. 92 |
| 1977 | Martes Ginsburg p. 226 |
| 1980 | Martes Kurten and Anderson p. 147 |
| 1988 | Martes Carroll |
| 1996 | Martes Morlo p. 227 |
| 1997 | Martes Mein and Ginsburg p. 828 |
| 1998 | Martes Baskin p. 162 |
| 2004 | Martes Marmi et al. p. 492 |
| 2009 | Martes Baryshnikov p. 83 |
| 2010 | Martes Werdelin and Peigne p. 620 |
| 2018 | Martes Law et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Martes Frisch 1775 [marten]
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Subg. †Martes (Tomictis) Hall 1931
Martes caurina Merriam 1890
Martes flavigula Boddaert 1785 [yellow-throated marten]
Martes flavigula saba Chasen and Kloss 1931
†Martes foina Erxleben 1777
†Martes foxi Hibbard and Riggs 1949
†Martes gazini Hibbard 1958
†Martes intermedius Heller 1913
†Martes khelifensis Ginsburg 1977
Martes martes Linnaeus 1758 [European pine marten]
†Martes melampus Wagner 1841
†Martes parviloba Cope 1873
†Martes sansaniensis Lartet 1851
†Martes stirtoni Wilson 1968
†Martes vetus Kretzoi 1947
Martes zibellina Linnaeus 1758 [sable]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Gebo and Rose 1993, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Burdigalian to the top of the Holocene or 20.44000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.0 Ma
Collections (106 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Martes pusilla (136269) | |
| Miocene | France | Martes filholi, Martes pusilla, Martes delphinensis, Martes cadeoti, Martes munki (200296) | |
| MN 2 | Germany (R.-P. and Hesse) | Martes species (69606) | |
| Burdigalian | Saudi Arabia | Martes sp. (47074) | |
| Burdigalian | France (Loiret) | Martes muncki (181641) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Thailand | Martes sp. (48126) | |
| Burdigalian - Tortonian | France | Martes laevidens (187579) | |
| MN 3 | Germany (Bavaria) | Martes laevidens (68040) | |
| MN 4 | France (Midi-Pyrénées) | Martes burdigalensis (71873) | |
| MN 4 | France (Gers) | Martes sainjoni, Martes muncki (69099) | |
| MN 4 | France (Centre) | Martes sainjoni, Martes muncki, Martes burdigaliensis (69116) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Martes sp. (19498) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Plionictis parviloba (18284) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Montana) | Martes sp. (18803) | |
| Barstovian - Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (New Mexico) | Mustelidae indet. (19286) | |
| Langhian | France | Martes munki (90354) | |
| Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | Martes sp. (180192) | |
| Langhian | France (Maine-et-Loire) | Martes sansaniensis (148396) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | Martes muncki, Martes sansaniensis (32191) | |
| Astaracian | Morocco (Tadla-Azilal) | Martes khelifensis (48630) | |
| Langhian - Tortonian | France (Maine-et-Loire) | Martes sp. (142149) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Martes sp. (28781) | |
| Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Catalonia) | Martes sp. (199537) | |
| MN 7 + 8 | Spain | Martes burdigalensis, Martes sp. (70806) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | Martes stirtoni (18450) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Oregon) | Martes sp. (18818 18831) | |
| Tortonian | Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) | Martes munki (39709) | |
| Tortonian | China (Yunnan) | Martes paleosinensis, Martes sp. (11798) | |
| Tortonian | Germany (Bavaria) | Martes pusillus (34256) Martes sansaniensis (206345) | |
| MN 9 | Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) | Martes filholi (75481) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Martes sp. (18086) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oregon) | Martes sp. (19015) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Martes sp. (18359) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Arizona) | Martes sp. (19514 19612) | |
| early Early Hemphillian | USA (Texas) | Martes sp. (19538) | |
| Turolian | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Martes sp. (174455) | |
| Turolian | China (Yunnan) | Martes paleosinensis (44221 44224) Martes sp. (44223) | |
| Turolian | Greece (Central Macedonia) | Martes lefkonensis (32189) | |
| Turolian | Kazakhstan | Martes paleosinensis (34436) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Martes sp. (20083) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | France (Midi-Pyrenees) | Martes sp. (35076) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Martes foxi (19932) | |
| MN 15 | Poland | Martes wenzensis (33396) | |
| MN 15 | Moldova | Martes sp. (50940) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Romania | Martes vetus (33974) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Georgia | Martes sp. (56733) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) | Martes sp. (214689) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Italy (Tuscany) | Martes sp. (44146) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Anhui) | Martes pachygnatha, Martes anderssoni (68380) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Germany (Thüringen) | Martes martes (45065 45069) | |
| Pleistocene | Israel | Martes foina (225664) | |
| Pleistocene | Italy (Verona) | Martes sp., Martes martes (43656) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Martes americana (125941) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Colorado) | Martes sp. (20559) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Nevada) | Martes americana (20280) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Czech Republic | Martes foina (36219) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Laos (Hua Pan) | Martes flavigula (235746) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | United Kingdom (Norfolk) | Martes sp., Martes sylvatica (49816) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Hungary | Martes sp. (35045) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) | Martes sp. (50259) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France (Haute-Pyrenees) | Martes foina (49094) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Hungary (Borsodabaujzemplen) | Martes sp. (35472) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Martes martes (36206) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Thailand (Chaiyaphum) | Martes flavigula (237787) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Italy (Trieste) | Martes martes (43699) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Lakonia) | Martes foina (32082) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Monaco | Mustela martes (191730) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Wyoming) | Martes americana, Martes nobilis (93277) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Ohio) | Martes americana (93334) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Martes americana (225801) Martes nobilis (74235) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Martes americana (82258 103991 104679) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal | Martes sp. (197768) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | Canada (Alberta) | Martes americana (93528) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Italy (Vicenza) | Martes martes (43689) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Georgia | Martes foina, Martes martes (56735) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Norway | Martes martes (227461) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Crete) | Martes foina (183124) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Wyoming) | Martes nobilis (93181) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Martes americana (200485) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Ioannina) | Martes sp. (208564) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Martes americana (155393) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Dodecanese) | Martes foina (182809) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Israel | Martes foina (225667) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Greece (Peloponnesus) | Martes sp. (184245) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Martes americana (93332 123868) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial) | USA (Nevada) | Martes americana, Martes nobilis (93291) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Martes americana (104044) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Greece (Peloponnesus) | Martes foina, Martes martes (184243) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Martes americana (221970 224189) | |
| Holocene | United Kingdom | Martes martes (122112) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Martes martes (228921) | |
| Holocene | Netherlands | Martes martes (55533) | |
| Holocene | USA (Maine) | Mustela americana (176524) | |
| Holocene | Russian Federation | Martes zibellina (171637) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Ontario) | Martes americana (221863) |