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Belinuridae
Taxonomy
Bellinuridae was named by Zittel and Eastman (1913). Its type is Belinurus. It is the type family of Belinuracea. It was considered monophyletic by Lamsdell (2016).
It was corrected as Belinuridae by Størmer (1955), Bergström (1975), Lamsdell (2016), Lamsdell (2020), Dunlop et al. (2020) and Lamsdell and Clapham (2021).
It was assigned to Belinuracea by Størmer (1955) and Bergström (1975); to Bellinurina by Dunlop et al. (2013); and to Belinurina by Lamsdell (2016), Lamsdell (2020), Dunlop et al. (2020) and Lamsdell and Clapham (2021).
It was corrected as Belinuridae by Størmer (1955), Bergström (1975), Lamsdell (2016), Lamsdell (2020), Dunlop et al. (2020) and Lamsdell and Clapham (2021).
It was assigned to Belinuracea by Størmer (1955) and Bergström (1975); to Bellinurina by Dunlop et al. (2013); and to Belinurina by Lamsdell (2016), Lamsdell (2020), Dunlop et al. (2020) and Lamsdell and Clapham (2021).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1913 | Bellinuridae Zittel and Eastman |
| 1938 | Euproopidae Eller p. 152 |
| 1944 | Euproopidae Raymond |
| 1944 | Liomesaspidae Raymond p. 498 |
| 1944 | Liomesaspididae Raymond p. 498 |
| 1955 | Belinuridae Størmer p. 20 |
| 1955 | Euproopidae Størmer p. 20 |
| 1955 | Liomesaspididae Størmer p. 21 |
| 1975 | Belinuridae Bergström p. 302 |
| 1975 | Euproopidae Bergström p. 303 |
| 1975 | Liomesaspididae Bergström p. 303 |
| 2013 | Bellinuridae Dunlop et al. p. 10 |
| 2013 | Euproopidae Dunlop et al. p. 11 |
| 2016 | Belinuridae Lamsdell p. 187 |
| 2020 | Belinuridae Dunlop et al. p. 11 |
| 2020 | Belinuridae Lamsdell p. 12 |
| 2021 | Belinuridae Lamsdell and Clapham p. 1353 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Belinuridae Zittel and Eastman 1913
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G. †Anacontium Raymond 1944
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G. †Belinurus Bronn 1839
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†Belinurus iswarinensis Chernyshev 1927
†Belinurus kiltorkensis Baily 1870
†Belinurus lacoei Packard 1885
†Belinurus metschetensis Chernyshev 1927
†Belinurus silesiacus Roemer 1883
†Belinurus stepanovi Chernyshev 1927
†Belinurus sustai Prantl and Přibyl 1955
†Belinurus trilobitoides Buckland 1837
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Invalid names: Belinurus bellulus Pictet 1846 [objective synonym], Belinurus carwayensis Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Belinurus concinnus Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Belinurus koenigianus Woodward 1872 [synonym], Belinurus lunatus Martin 1809 [synonym], Belinurus morgani Dix and Pringle 1930 [synonym], Belinurus pustulosus Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Belinurus reginae Baily 1859 [synonym], Belinurus truemani Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Bellinurus baldwini Woodward 1907 [synonym], Bellinurus grandaevus Jones and Woodward 1899 [synonym], Bellinurus longicaudatus Woodward 1907 [synonym], Bellinurus trechmanni Woodward 1918 [synonym], Steropis arcuatus Baily 1858 [synonym]
Invalid names: Koenigiella Raymond 1944 [synonym], Macrobelinurus Lamsdell 2020 [synonym], Parabelinurus Lamsdell 2020 [synonym], Steropis Baily 1858 [synonym]
G. †Euproops Meek 1867
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†Euproops danae Meek and Worthen 1865
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Invalid names: Euproops amiae Woodward 1918 [synonym], Euproops colletti White 1884 [synonym], Euproops darrahi Raymond 1944 [synonym], Euproops graigolae Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Euproops gwenti Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Euproops islwyni Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Euproops kilmersdonensis Ambrose and Romano 1972 [synonym], Euproops laevicula Raymond 1944 [synonym], Euproops laticephalus Raymond 1944 [synonym], Euproops meeki Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Euproops nitida Dix and Pringle 1929 [synonym], Euproops packardi Willard and Jones 1935 [synonym], Euproops thompsoni Raymond 1944 [synonym], Prestwichia (Euproops) scheeleana Ebert 1892 [synonym], Prestwichianella zalesskii Chernyshev 1927 [synonym]
G. †Liomesaspis Raymond 1944
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†Liomesaspis laevis Raymond 1944
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Invalid names: Palatinaspis beimbaueri Malz and Poschmann 1993 [synonym], Pringlia bispinosa Raymond 1944 [synonym], Pringlia demaistrei Vandenberghe 1960 [synonym], Pringlia fritschi Remy and Remy 1959 [synonym], Pringlia leonardensis Tasch 1961 [synonym]
G. †Prestwichianella Woodward 1918
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†Prestwichianella anthrax Prestwich 1840
†Prestwichianella bifida Siegfried 1972
†Prestwichianella cambrensis Dix and Pringle 1929
†Prestwichianella mariae Crônier and Courville 2005
†Prestwichianella orientalis Kobayashi 1933
†Prestwichianella rotundata Prestwich 1840
Invalid names: Prestwichia Woodward 1867 [replaced]
G. †Pringlia Raymond 1944
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†Pringlia birtwelli Woodward 1872
Invalid names: Palatinaspis Malz and Poschmann 1993 [synonym]
G. †Protolimulus Packard 1886
G. †Xiphosuroides Shpinev and Vasilenko 2018
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†Xiphosuroides khakassicus Shpinev and Vasilenko 2018
Invalid names: Euproopidae Eller 1938 [synonym], Liomesaspididae Raymond 1944 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Jell and Adrain 2002, Bambach et al. 2007 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Emsian to the top of the Artinskian or 409.10000 to 279.30000 Ma
Collections (109 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Emsian | Russian Federation | Belinurus sp. (24775) | |
| Late/Upper Famennian | Ireland | Belinurus kiltorkensis (32230) | |
| Arnsbergian | USA (Montana) | Euproopidae indet. (90681) Euproops sp. (116654) | |
| Arnsbergian - Chokierian | Russian Federation (Khaskassia) | Xiphosuroides khakassicus (216762) | |
| Bashkirian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Belinurus grandaevus (216609 216610) Belinurus reginae (216606) Belinurus reginae, Belinurus grandaevus (216608) Euproops danae (216611) | |
| Yeadonian | Poland | Belinurus silesiacus (140626) | |
| Yeadonian | Ukraine (Donetsk) | Bellinurus iswarinensis (216509) | |
| Westphalian A | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Bellinurus grandaevus, Belinurus reginae (216571) Euproops danae (216612) | |
| Westphalian A | Ukraine (Donetsk) | Bellinurus iswarinensis (216469) | |
| Westphalian A | Poland | Euproops rotundatus, Bellinurus lunatus (216873) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (England) | Bellinurus baldwini, Bellinurus longicaudatus (34905) Liomesaspis laevis, Bellinurus trilobitoides, Euproops rotundatus (124367) | |
| Westphalian A | Czech Republic | Belinurus lunatus (114184) Belinurus sustai (157231) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (Wales) | Belinurus bellulus (216522) Belinurus sp. (216526) Euproops cambrensis (216536) | |
| Westphalian A | United Kingdom (Lancashire) | Bellinurus trilobitoides, Liomesaspis birtwelli, Euproops rotundatus (172765) Prestwichia birtwelli (153487) | |
| Westphalian A | Ireland | Bellinurus regina, Steropis arcuatus, Belinurus rotundus (216070) | |
| Westphalian A | Ireland (Lenister) | Bellinurus arcuatus (175806) | |
| Westphalian A | Germany | Prestwichia scheeleana (216560) | |
| Westphalian A - Westphalian B | Ukraine (Donetsk) | Prestwichia sp. (216447) | |
| Westphalian A - Westphalian B | Ukraine (Luhansk) | Bellinurus sp. (216510) | |
| Westphalian A - Westphalian C | Ukraine (Donetsk) | Bellinurus iswarinensis (216448) | |
| Westphalian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Euproops packardi (216749) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom (Wales) | Belinurus arcuatus (216524) Belinurus bellulus (172781) Belinurus bellulus, Belinurus reginae (172782) Belinurus carwayensis (216519) Belinurus concinnus, Belinurus arcuatus (216518) Belinurus koenigianus (216525) Belinurus morgani (172779) Belinurus pustulosus (216521) Belinurus reginae (172783) Belinurus sp. (172785 216523 216527) Belinurus truemani (172780 216520) Euproops scheeleana (216537) Euproops sp. (216539) Prestwichianella rotundata (216529) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom | Belinurus konigianus (172784) | |
| Westphalian B | Russian Federation (Rostov) | Bellinurus iswarinensis (216445) Bellinurus metschetnensis (216446) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom (England) | Limulus anthrax, Limulus rotundatus (216649) Limulus trilobitoides (216648) Prestwichia sp. (127218) | |
| Westphalian B | United Kingdom (Staffordshire) | Bellinurus koenigianus (153555) | |
| Moscovian | Czech Republic (Pilsen) | Prolimulus woodwardi (128574) | |
| Westphalian C | Ukraine (Donetsk) | Prestwichia danae (216442) | |
| Westphalian C | United Kingdom (England) | Bellinurus trechmanni (139748) | |
| Westphalian C | United Kingdom (Wales) | Prestwichianella sp. (216531) | |
| Westphalian C | Russian Federation | Bellinurus sp., Euproops danae (149705) Bellinurus stepanovi (216471) | |
| Westphalian C | Germany | Euproops bifidus (216763) | |
| Westphalian C | Ukraine (Luhansk) | Bellinurus iswarinensis, Bellinurus stepanowi (216444) | |
| Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Ukraine (Donetsk) | Prestwichia danae (216467) | |
| Westphalian C - Westphalian D | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Euproops amiae (139747 216613 216614) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Indiana) | Euproops danae (216797) Euproops danae, Euproops colletti (216796) | |
| Westphalian D | United Kingdom (Wales) | Euproops anthrax (216538) Euproops graigolae, Prestwichianella nitida (127543) Euproops gwenti, Euproops islwyni (216533) Euproops sp. (216540 216541) Prestwichianella rotundata (127292 216528 216530) | |
| Westphalian D | United Kingdom | Euproops kilmersdonensis (162731) Euproops sp., Euproops meeki (141947) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Pennsylvania) | Euproops darrahi (216747) Euproops longispina (125698 216617) Euproops packardi (216792) | |
| Westphalian D | USA (Illinois) | Bellinurus danae (152106) Bellinurus lacoei (21981) Euproops danae, Euproops laevicula, Pringlia bispinosa (112630) Euproops danae, Liomesaspis laevis (122512) Euproops thompsoni (114454) | |
| Westphalian D | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Euproops sp. (122518) | |
| Westphalian D | Russian Federation (Rostov) | Prestwichia danae (216466) | |
| Westphalian D | United Kingdom (Somerset) | Euproops danae (216068) | |
| Stephanian | France (Saône-et-Loire) | Alanops magnificus (236920) | |
| Kasimovian | Italy | Stilpnocephalus pontebbanus (157324) | |
| Kasimovian | USA (Kansas) | Euproops danae (34254) | |
| Stephanian B | France | Alanops magnificus (122490) | |
| Stephanian C | USA (Pennsylvania) | Euproops laticephalus (216748) | |
| Stephanian C | France | Euproops mariae (216516) Pringlia demaistrei (216766) | |
| Stephanian C | Germany | Pringlia fritschi (172340 216751 216753 216754 216755 216756) | |
| Asselian | Germany | Palatinaspis beimbaueri (112604) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Kansas) | Pringlia leonardensis (216770) | |
| Artinskian | USA (Oklahoma) | Anacontium carpenteri, Anacontium brevis (104824) | |
| Artinskian - Kungurian | South Korea | Euproops orientalis (216595) |