PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Paleolimulidae

Xiphosura - Xiphosurida - Paleolimulidae

Taxonomy

Paleolimulidae was named by Raymond (1944). Its type is Paleolimulus. It was considered monophyletic by Lamsdell (2016).

It was assigned to Xiphosurida by Raymond (1944); to Limulacea by Størmer (1955) and Bergström (1975); to Limulina by Lamsdell (2016) and Lamsdell (2020); and to Paleolimuloidea by Babcock et al. (2000), Dunlop et al. (2020) and Bicknell et al. (2022).

Subtaxa

Moravurus, Norilimulus, Paleolimulus (type genus), Paleolimulus juresanensis, Xaniopyramis

Synonyms

Moravuridae was named by Přibyl (1967). Its type is Moravurus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Paleolimulidae by Lamsdell (2016), Lamsdell (2020) and Dunlop et al. (2020).

It was assigned to Belinuracea by Bergström (1975).
Paleolimulus juresanensis was named by Chernyshev (1933). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Jurezan River, upstream of Trubkino, which is in an Artinskian/Kungurian carbonate marl in the Russian Federation.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Bicknell et al. (2020).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1933	Paleolimulus juresanensis Chernyshev
1944	Paleolimulidae Raymond
1955	Paleolimulidae Størmer p. 21
1967	Moravuridae Přibyl p. 457
1975	Moravuridae Bergström p. 302
1975	Paleolimulidae Bergström p. 303
2000	Paleolimulidae Babcock et al. p. 138
2016	Paleolimulidae Lamsdell p. 188
2020	Paleolimulidae Dunlop et al. p. 12
2020	Paleolimulidae Lamsdell p. 18
2020	Paleolimulus juresanensis Lamsdell p. 19
2022	Paleolimulidae Bicknell et al. p. 306

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829
—	Deuteropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Chelicerata	Heymons 1901
—	Euchelicerata	Weygoldt and Paulus 1979
—	Prosomapoda
class	Xiphosura	()
order	Xiphosurida	Latreille 1802
suborder	Limulina	Richter and Richter 1929
family	Paleolimulidae
family	Paleolimulidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Paleolimulidae Raymond 1944

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G. †Moravurus Přibyl 1967

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†Moravurus rehori Přibyl 1967

G. †Norilimulus Lamsdell 2020

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†Norilimulus woodae Lerner et al. 2016

G. †Paleolimulus Dunbar 1923

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†Paleolimulus kunguricus Naugolnykh 2017

†Paleolimulus mazonensis Bicknell et al. 2022 [horseshoe crab]

†Paleolimulus signatus Beecher 1904

Invalid names: Paleolimulus avitus Dunbar 1923 [synonym]

G. †Xaniopyramis Siveter and Selden 1987

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†Xaniopyramis linseyi Siveter and Selden 1987

Invalid names: Moravuridae Přibyl 1967 [synonym], Paleolimulus juresanensis Chernyshev 1933 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

nektobenthicc

Diet:

carnivorec

Vision:

limitedo

Created:

2010-02-05 01:13:59

Modified:

2010-02-22 02:35:37

Source: o = order, c = class

References: Bambach et al. 2007, Jell and Adrain 2002

Age range: base of the Tournaisian to the top of the Kungurian or 358.90000 to 272.30000 Ma

Collections (14 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Tournaisian	358.9 - 346.7	Canada (Nova Scotia)	Paleolimulus woodae (216604)
Pendleian	330.9 - 327.0	United Kingdom (England)	Xaniopyramis linseyi (216764)
Arnsbergian	327.0 - 323.7	Czech Republic	Moravurus rehori (124365)
Moscovian	315.2 - 307.0	USA (Illinois)	Paleolimulus mazonensis (227362)
Gzhelian	303.7 - 298.9	USA (Kansas)	Paleolimulus signatus (120926 216069)
Sakmarian	293.52 - 290.1	USA (Kansas)	Paleolimulus signatus (88498)
Artinskian	290.1 - 279.3	USA (Kansas)	Paleolimulus avitus (111217 111219) Prestwichia signata (101726)
Artinskian - Kungurian	290.1 - 272.3	Russian Federation (Bashkortostan)	Paleolimulus juresanensis (216279)
Kungurian	279.3 - 272.3	Russian Federation (Perm)	Paleolimulus kunguricus (216639 216640 216644)